The technology of 21st century!!! By Parag Tyagi & Anuja Pharse... 19/11/10

1. THE TECHNOLOGY OF
21ST CENTURY:
NANOTECHNOLOGY

2. PRESENTED BY
Parag P. Tyagi
Anuja B. Pharse
Priya B. Yadav
Vaishali A. Deore

3. 1. WHAT IS NANO?
Nano
 Originates from the Greek word ‘dwarf’
Factor
 Nano is of the factor 10-9
How small is it?
for e.g.:-
 Oxygen atoms
 Water molecule
NANOTECHNOLOGY

4. HOW ABOUT THIS..
A red blood cell
Human hair fragment
(the purplish thing)

5. a bit more…
 A fingernail
Comparison
A man’s beard
NANOTECHNOLOGY

6. 2.WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
Definition
 Technology for microscopic devices
 Refers to various field

7. 3. WHAT’S SO SPECIAL ABOUT
NANOTECH & WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?
 The AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)

8.  Quantum Effects:
 Quantum effect describes the electron properties
 The effect comes into play when nanometer size
range is reached
 Quantum effects begin to dominate behavior of
the matter
 Materials reduced to nanoscale show different
properties
 For instance,

9.  Opaque substances (viz. copper)
 Inert materials (viz. platinum)
 Stable materials (viz. aluminium)
 Solids (viz. gold)
 Insulators (viz. silicon)

10.  Surface Area
 Comparison of bulk form and nano scale
form of same mass of material
 This make material chemically more reactive

11. To understand the effect of particle size on
surface area. Consider this example,
 the coin weighs 26.96 grams
 and has a diameter of about 4 centimeter
 And has a total surface area of approx. 27.70
sq. cm.

12.  if, the same amount of coin were divided into
tiny particles – say 1nm in diameter
 then, the total surface area of those particles
would be 11,400 sq. meters
 The surface area of those particles is over 4
million times greater than the surface area of
the silver coin.

13. EVOLUTIONARY V/S REVOLUTIONARY NANOTECHNOLOGIES
FOR EXAMPLE,
 The picture over left is
the first point contact
transistor built in 1947.
 It has a diameter of
over 1 centimeter
The first point contact
transistor
Description

14.  Intel’s Nehalem chip
architecture
 of size 32nm
 which incorporates
about 1.9 billion
transistors in a single
chip
Intel’s 32nm Nehalem chip
architecture
Description

15.  Which is equivalent to,
shrinking of 509 meters tall
Tapei-101 (currently the tallest building of the world )
to the size of a 1.6 millimeter tall
grain of rice

16. 4.HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Historical Background
 The First mention
 By James Clerk Maxwell (in 1867)
 During the beginning of 20th century
 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (in 1910’s)
 Irving Langmuir & Katharine B. Blodgett (in
1920’s)
 Gordon Moore (in 1965’s)

17.  In 1950’s
 physicist
 Richard Feynman

18. 5.IMPACT ON ECONOMY
Affected
Areas
Impact Economy
impact /yr
Transport-
ation
Lighter &
safer
vehicle
$70billion
/yr
Energy Reduction
in
production
$100billion/
yr
Manufacturi
ng
Nano
structuring
Material
properties
$340billion/
yr

19. 6.APPLICATIONS
 Nanocomputer
 Nanomotors
 Nanowires
 Consumer Goods

20. 7.1.NANOCOMPUTER
 It is smaller then micro &
mini computer.
 Types of Nanocomputer:
Humanizing Nanocomputer
Quantum Nanocomputer

21. HUMANIZING NANOCOMPUTER
 It is a nanorobot
which serves as
antibodies
 Protect human bodies
against pathogenic
bacteria & viruses

22. EXAMPLES
Nanorobot carrying sperms

23. 7.2.NANO MOTORS
 It is device which
converts energy to
movement
 Units

24. 7.3.NANOWIRES
 Referred as 1-Dimensional
materials of ratio(length -
width)1000 or more.
 It cannot be seen in 3-D.
 Uses

25. 7.4.CONSUMER GOODS
 Foods
 Bacteria identification
 Nanocomposite
 Households
 Self cleaning
 Agriculture
 Solution for various problems

26. 8.IMPLICATIONS
1.Health Issue
2.Environmental Issue
3.A Need For Regulation

27. 8.1.HEALTH ISSUE
• Nano-particles
• Nano-medicine

28. NANO-PARTICLES
 Health hazards.

29. NANO-MEDICINE
 Cancer therapy

30. CANCER TREATMENT USING MOLECULAR IMAGING

31. 8.2.ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE
 Nano pollution
 Nano filtration.
 Magnetic nanoparticles

32. 8.3.A NEED FOR REGULATION
Since there are good as well as bad effects of
nanotechnology their should be some regulation