Covers major historical events, figures, and church architecture, circa the 1100's.

1. T, R, 12-1:20PM
Professor Paige Prater

2. 
Feudalism


3 Classes: king/nobles, churchmen, peasants
Manor: self-sufficient agricultural estate
 inheritance, shifting obligations/allegiances

4. 

1056-1106 – Henry IV rules Germany + Holy
Roman Empire
1066 – William of Normandy invades England








BAYEUX TAPESTRY
1075 – Investiture Controversy
1095-1099 – First Crusade
1098 – Cistercian Order founded
1137-1152 – Eleonor of Aquitaine Queen of France
with Luis VII
1141-1151 – Hildegard of Bingen writes Scivias
1147-1149 – Second Crusade
1154-1189 – Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen of
England with Henry II

5. 
1049-1109 – Hugh de Semur, Abbot of Cluny


1058-1086 – Desiderius (Benedictine), Abbot of
Monte Casino



1088 – Great Church of Cluny begun
1086-1087 – elected as Pope Victor III
1088-1089 – Pope Urban II (Cluniac) preached
First Crusade
1115-1153 – Saint Bernard (Cistercian), Abbot
of Clairvaux Abbey; writer, preacher, called for
Second Crusade

6. 
King of France: Ile-de-France

Duke of Normandy, heir of Vikings (north)
 1066 – Duke William II of Normandy invaded England:
“William the Conqueror” replaced Saxon rule
 Normans: CLOSE ties to the CHURCH


Duke of Burgundy (east)
TOKEN HOMAGE to king of France

7. 
Animated!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtGoBZ4D4_E&feature=iv&
src_vid=b%20DaB-NNyM8o&annotation_id=annotation_559561

8. 
Holy Roman Empire vs. Pope Gregory VII

Only the pope could appoint bishops/abbots!
 Civil wars between German families who took sides
 Welfs of Saxony (“Guelfs” in Italy) vs. Hohenstaufens of
Swabia (“Ghibellines” in Italy)

9. 
Hat, satchel, walking stick

Santiago de Compostela


Shell as passport
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/Spain/Camino_de_Santiago/Ca
mino.htm

10. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4mRnoZuiZU

11. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRrzFQG
XUIc

12. 
Iberian peninsula: Muslim in south vs
Christian in North

1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon had conquered
Toledo, Muslim controversy

13. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zudTQelzI (up to 6:23)

14. 





Portal
Tympanum
Trumeau
Jamb
Historiated Capitals
Archivolts: curved
moldings of wedgeshaped stone voussoir

15. 




Added apses
Wide projecting transepts; aisled
Variety of ambulatories
Fireproof stone masonry (vs. wooden roofs)
Two-towered west façade

17. 

Silver gilt over a
wood core
33” high

18. 

imperial Rome
campanile = free-standing bell-tower

Master Bonanno, 1174
Master-builder: Busketos
 Cathedral: long nave with double side-aisles
(5 aisles=homage to Rome)
 Tuscan churches: decorated with marble on
exterior


20. 



Baldachin – altar cover
Monastic church- not accommodating pilgrims
Open, partially underground crypt
Nave and aisles end in apses; 12th century liturgy

23. 

Barrel vaults
no clerestory
windows or galleries

24. 



1030-1060 – Ottonion wooden-roofed church
1080-1106 – masonry vault over 100’ high
Heavy compound piers and small piers
Groin vaults: weight on bay corners – side-wall
windows

27. 

Military outpost on Scottish border
Vault experimentation



Durham Cathedral – Norman church begun 1087;
vaults – 1087
Count-bishop: secular AND religious authority
River Wear’s oxbow = natural moat

29. 



Normandy, France
Dedicated by William the Conqueror
Stringcourses: unbroken horizontal moldings at
each window level
1096-1100 – façade (13th century spires)

32. 



Roman lighthouse tower
Earthworks: rebuilt Angloo-Saxon church
12th century: Norman Great Tower,
surrounding earthworks and wall
13th century: outer walls

35. 

3’ high, approximately
Sculptor Wiligelmus



Some of the earliest NARRATIVE sculpture in Italy
Used to be painted brightly
Inscription: “Among sculptors, your work shines
forth, Wiligelmus”

39. 
1125

40. 
Hildegard and
Volmar, Liber
Scivias, 1165-1175
(facsimile
frontispiece)

41. 

Church of San
Climent, Taull,
Catalunya, Spain,
1123
Byzantine,
Mozarabic, and
classical

43. 
Mary as the “Throne of
Wisdom”