A introduction to key artists, regions, religions, and history of the northern Renaissance and Iberian peninsula. Based off of Stokstad's Art History textbook, Volume II, 3rd edition.
3. NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
Humanism
Christianity (Protestant vs. Catholic:
iconoclasm)
Observation/recording of nature
Civic life, prosperous economy
Revival of classical learning and literature
Rise of middle-class
More names of artists
4. THE DUKES OF BURGUNDY
Most powerful rulers in northern Europe for
most of the 15th century
1363-1404 Philip the Bold (acquires Flanders
through marriage)
1404-1419 John the Fearless
1419-1467 Philip the Good; patron of Jan van Eyck
1467-1477 Charles the Bold
1477 Mary of Burgundy inherits Burgundy and
marries Hapsburg heir Maximilian of Austria
Commercial centers:
Ghent, Bruges, Tournai, and Brussels
6. SCULPTURE: CLAUS SLUTER
Jean de Marville
replaced by Claus
for Philip the Bold’s
Chartreuse de
Champmol
(Carthusian
monastery)
Well of
Moses, detail of
Moses and
David, 1395-1406
7. MANUSCRIPT
ILLUMINATION
Jean, Duke de
Berry, older brother of
Duke of Burgundy;
avid art collector!
The Limbourg
(Paul, Herman, and John)
Brothers, January, the
Duke of Berry at Table.
Très Riches Heures, 141116. Colors and ink on
parchment. Musée
Condé, Chantilly, France.
9. FLEMISH PAINTING
SmartHistory, Khan Academy:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdDzs70Txjs&list=PLAAEFE6
18A27E29D2&index=23
Robert Campin, Mérode Altarpiece (triptych of the
Annunciation) (open), c. 1425-28. Oil on wood panel.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
10. DETAIL OF
RIGHT WING
OF TRIPTYCH
-Oil vs. tempera
-Ordinary to religious
-light!
Robert Campin, A Flemish City, 1425-28. Oil on wood
panel. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
11. JAN VAN EYCK (AND HUBERT)
Ghent Altarpiece: CLOSED – SmartHistory, Art History at Khan Academy:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBfMweJPBrQ&list=PLAAEFE618A27E29D
2&index=25
OPEN – SmartHistory, Khan Academy:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwJKfhLMhEk&list=PLAAEFE618A27E29D
2&index=24
Ghent Altarpiece (open), Adoration of the Mystic Lamb.
Completed 1432. Oil on panel. Cathedral of Saint
Bavo, Ghent.
12. JAN VAN EYCK
“As I Can”
Man in a Red
Turban, 1433. Oil
on wood panel.
The National
Gallery, London.
13. JAN VAN EYCK
Double Portrait or
Giovanni Arnolfini
and His
Wife, Giovanna
Cenami, 1434. Oil on
wood panel, 33 x22
½”. The National
Gallery, London.
14. ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN
No piece of existing art bears his name!
Deposition, before 1443, possibly 1435-38. Oil on wood panel. Museo del
Prado, Madrid.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLf_oAkngP4&list=PLAAEFE618A27E29D
15. ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN
Last Judgment Altarpiece (open), after 1443, c. 1445-48.
Oil on wood panel. Musée de l’ HôtelDieu, Beaune, France.
16. ROGIER VAN DER WEYDEN
Last Judgment Altarpiece (closed), oil on
panel.
18. PETRUS CHRISTUS
A Goldsmith in His Shop, Possibly
Saint Eligius, 1449
Petrus Christus (Netherlandish, active
by 1444, died 1475/76)
Oil on wood; Overall 39 3/8 x 34 3/4 in.
(100.1 x 85.8 cm); painted surface 38
5/8 x 33 1/2 in. (98 x 85.2 cm)
22. IN FRANCE
France vs. England
1422, King Charles VI dies, England claims throne for 9-monthold Henry VI of England
Joan of Arc leads crusade to instate rightful heir, Charles VII
(crowned 1429)+
Flamboyant (“flaming”) style: tracery
23. JEAN FOUQUET (1420-1481)
Leading
court artist
From Tours
Flemish
realism
Agnès
Sorel, court
mistress
(death
mask)
Melun Diptych, right wing: Virgin
and Child, c. 1451. Oil on wood
panel, 37 ¼ x 33 ½”
24. JEAN FOUQUET (1420-1481)
Étienne
Chevalier, treas
urer under
Charles VII
St. Stephen
Original frame:
blue velvet
embroidered
with gold &
silver thread &
pearls
Melun Diptych, left wing. Étienne
Chevalier and Saint Stephen, 1451.
Oil on wood panel, 36 ½ x 33 ½”
25. PIERRE ROBIN, CHURCH OF SAINTMACLOU, ROUEN, NORMANDY, FRANCE. 14321521; FAÇADE C. 1500-1514
“crockets” –
small, knobby leaflike
ornaments
Tracery everywhere!
26. SPAIN & PORTUGAL
Large collection of Flemish Paintings –
Queen Isabelle of Castile
1492 – conquest of Granada
1492 – Columbus
27. JUAN GÜAS, SAN JUAN DE LOS REYES, TOLEDO,
SPAIN, BEGUN 1477
29. IN GERMANY & SWITZERLAND
Hanseatic League: association of cities &
trading outposts
Rise of middle class: Fuggers (textile
merchants to Hapsburg bankers)
International Gothic style vs. Beautiful style
(Rhineland) vs. detailed visual depiction of
natural world
34. ALBRECHT DURER (1471-1528)
Foremost artist in northern Renaissance
Nuremberg, center of learning/business
Traveled: Basel, Switzerland and Italy
Published his own prints (fortune made)
1497:
The Apocalypse
35.
Four Horsemen of the
Apocalypse, 1497-98.
Woodcut, 15 ½ x 11 1/8” The
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York
42. KEY EVENTS IN PROTESTANT REFORMATION
1517 – Martin Luther propounds his NinetyFive Theses at Wittenberg
1534 – Henry VIII of England breaks from
Rome; founds Church of England
1555 – Lutheranism recognized in Germany
by the Holy Roman Emperor at the Peace of
Augsburg.
48. SPAIN
Charles V, grandson of Ferdinand and
Isabella abdicated the throne in 1556
Philip
II (1556-1598) ascends the throne: king of
Spain, the Netherlands, and the Americas
Navy destroyed by English in 1588
Northern Netherlands revolt
Arts – sponsored by Church and nobles
Aesthetic taste: heraldry, luxurious
armor, textiles
49. SPAIN – 16TH CENTURY
El Escorial in Madrid, 1563-84 – monastery
palace complex
House,
court, government and burial spaces for
Spanish kings
50. SPAIN – 16TH
CENTURY PAINTING
El Greco, Burial of
Count Orgaz, 1586.
Oil on
canvas, 16’x11’10”,
Church of Santo
Tomé, Toledo, Spai
n.
51. EL GRECO
View of Toledo, c. 1610. Oil on canvas, 47 ¾
x42 ¾”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
52. NETHERLANDS
Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, c.
1505-15. Oil on wood panel, center panel 7’ 2 ½” x 6’
4 ¾” , each wing 7’ 2 ½” x 3’ 2”. Museo del
Prado, Madrid.
53. INTERIOR
Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1505-15. Oil on wood
panel, center panel 7’ 2 ½” x 6’ 4 ¾” , each wing 7’ 2 ½” x 3’ 2”. Museo del
Prado, Madrid.
56. NETHERLANDS
Bitter religious and political conflict
Spanish
Hapsburg rulers vs. Protestant
Reformation
1568 revolt…independence 80 years later!
1579 -7 northern Protestant provinces declared
United Provinces (present day
Netherlands)…but Catholic Flanders separated
(present-day Belgium)
Reformation: patrons OUTSIDE the church
Painting,
textiles, ceramics, wood and metal; graphic
design
Textiles: Raphael’s cartoons for the Sistine Chapel’s
tapestries were woven by Pieter van Aelst in Brussels!
57. JAN GOSSAERT
Saint Luke Painting the Virgin Mary, 1520. Oil on
panel, 43 3/8 x 32 ¼” . Kunsthistorisches
Museum, Vienna.
58. MARINUS VAN REYMERSWAELE
The Banker and His Wife, 1540. Oil on panel, 33 ¾ x 45
7/9”. Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence.
59. PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER
The Fall of Icarus, c. 1555-56. Oil on Panel transferred to
canvas. 29 x 44 1/8”. Konenklijke Musea voor Schone
Kunsten van Belgie, Brussels.
60. PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER
Return of the Hunters, 1565. Oil on wood panel, 3’10 1/2”.
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
61. ENGLAND: HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER
Henry VIII, 1540. Oil on
wood panel, 32 ½” x 29
½”. Galleria Nazionale d’
Arte Antica, Rome.
62. ARMOR FOR ROYAL GAMES
Jacob Halder, Armor of George Clifford, Third Earl of
Cumberland. Made in royal workshop at
Greenwich, England, c. 1580-85. Steel and gold, 5’ 9
½” . The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.