1. Current trends & Perspectives
in
Cancer Control
(Part – I)
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India

3. Dedication
This presentation is dedicated to all
Cancer patients across the globe and
may our efforts, towards research in
this area benefit those who are
fighting the dangerous disease

4. PPRC/INDIA01

5. Cancer
₪Second leading cause of death worldwide
₪Multifactorial process:
₪ Cellular transformation
₪ Hyper proliferation
₪ Metastatic lesions
PPRC/INDIA02

6. Cancer
₪The word “Kaensar” known medically as a
malignant neoplasm is a broad group of diseases
involving unregulated cell growth
₪Cancer: a deadly disease
₪A very lethal life threatening terrible disease
PPRC/INDIA03

7. Cancer
₪It is rapidly affecting the people all over the
world without any discrimination of age, race,
wealth or status in society
₪Pathetic disease with miserable side effects
₪There are more than 200 different known
cancers that affect humans
PPRC/INDIA04

8. Cancer
₪Cancer cells divide and grow uncontrollably
forming malignant tumours and invading nearby
parts of the body
₪Not all tumours are cancerous
₪Causes are diverse and complex
₪Cancer spread to more distant parts of the body
through the lymphatic system / bloodstream
PPRC/INDIA05

9. Common sites of cancer
PPRC/INDIA06

10. History of Cancer
₪Cancer has existed for all human history
₪Earliest written record of cancer is in circa 1600
B.C. in Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus ….
described “Breast cancer”
₪Hippocrates ca 460 B.C. – ca 370 B.C. described
several kinds of cancer
PPRC/INDIA07

11. History of Cancer
₪Cancer Greek word “Karkinos” means Crab or
Cray fish
₪Celsus ca 25 B.C. – 50 A.D. translated Karkinos
to Latin word “Cancer”. He recommended
surgery treatment for cancer
₪Galen (2nd century A.D.) disagreed with surgery
and recommended purgatives for respondent
PPRC/INDIA08

12. History of Cancer
₪15 th – 17 th centuries study of causes of cancer
were experimented after dissection of the body
PPRC/INDIA09

13. PPRC/INDIA10

14. Types of Cancer
TYPE ORIGIN NAMES
CARCINOMA Epithelial cells
In aged people, Common –
breast, prostate, colon…..
SARCOMA Connective tissue
Bone, cartilage, fat nerve
cancers
LYMPHOMA
Hematopoietic
(blood forming)
Leukaemia most common in
children
GERM CELL TUMOUR Pluripotent cells Testicle, ovarian cancer
BLASTOMA Embryonic tissue Common in most children
PPRC/INDIA11

15. PPRC/INDIA12

16. Diagnosis
₪Screening
₪Medical tests:
₪ Blood tests
₪ X – Rays
₪ CT Scans
₪ Endoscopy
PPRC/INDIA13

17. Symptoms: Cancer Metastasis
CANCER BODY PART SYMPTOMS
Brain Headache, seizures, vertigo
Respiratory Cough, Hemoptysis, Dyspanoea
Lymph nodes Lymphaclenopathy
Liver Hepatomegaly, Jaundice
Skeletal system
Pain, fractures, spinal and
compression
PPRC/INDIA14

18. Systematic symptoms
Weight loss
Fever
Fatigue
Persistent fever
Paraneoplastic
pneumonia
Distant parts affected:
PPRC/INDIA15

19. Cancerous cell
PPRC/INDIA16

20. Stat of cancer
₪The incidence of Lung cancer is highly co-
related with tobacco smoking…. 9% lung cancer
₪In western Europe 10% cancers in males and
3% in females are attributed to alcohol
₪Tobacco smoke contains > 50 carcinogens
₪200,000 people die worldwide every year
PPRC/INDIA17

21. Stat of cancer
₪High processed food, red meat are also said to
be major cause of cancer growth
₪A high salt diet linked to gastric cancer, aflatoxin
B, with Liver cancer, Betel nut chewing with oral
cancer
₪Gastric cancer more in Japan due to high salt
diet
PPRC/INDIA18

22. Stat of cancer
₪U.S. estimates 20,000 cancer deaths 40,000 new
cases each year are attributed to “occupation”
₪Obesity cause in 14 – 20% of all cancer deaths
₪Diet, physical inactivity and obesity 30 – 35% of
cancer deaths
₪Diets that are low in vegetables, fruits, whole
grains are linked with number of cancers
PPRC/INDIA19

23. Stat of cancer
₪Worldwide 18% of cancer deaths due to
infectious diseases, high in Africa (25%) and low
in developed world (10%)
₪Upto 10% of cancers are caused due to
radiation
₪Hereditary cancers contribute to 3 – 10%
PPRC/INDIA20

24. Stat of cancer
₪Some hormones play a major role in division of
cells by promoting cell proliferation
₪Sex linked cancers:
₪ Breast
₪ Endometrium
₪ Prostate
₪ Ovary
₪ Testis
₪ Thyroid
₪ Bone
PPRC/INDIA21

25. Cancerous cell
PPRC/INDIA22

26. Stat of cancer in India
₪500,000 people succumb to cancer / year
₪300 cancer hospitals / centres in India
₪40% of India: No appropriate facility for
fighting with cancer
₪Ratio of doctor: patient – 1 : 2000
₪By 2015 …….. Cancer patients 700,000
PPRC/INDIA23

27. Stat of cancer in India
₪Most specific cancers in India:
₪ Lung cancer
₪ Ovarian cancer
₪ Cervical cancer
₪ Breast cancer
₪According to “Indian Republic” Press – Cancer
incidence likely to rise five fold in India by 2025
PPRC/INDIA24

28. Cancerous cell
PPRC/INDIA25

29. 10 most deadly types on cancer
 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
 Ovarian cancer
 Leukaemia
 Prostate cancer
 Liver cancer
 Pancreatic cancer
 Breast cancer
 Colorectal cancer
 Stomach cancer
 Lung cancer
PPRC/INDIA26

30. Top celebrities who survived cancer
Sharon
Osbourne
T.V. host, businesswoman,
author, music promoter
Colon cancer
Robert de Niro
American actor, Producer,
Director
Prostate gland
cancer
Christina
Applegate
American actress Breast cancer
Kylie Minogue
Australian singer, actress,
record artist, songwriter
Breast cancer
Tom Green
Canadian actor, comedian,
writer
Testicular
cancer
PPRC/INDIA27

31. Top celebrities who survived cancer
Lance
Armstrong
Racing cyclist
Testicular
cancer
Michael Douglas
American producer,
director
Throat cancer
Yuvraj Singh Famous Indian Cricketer
Mediastinal
seminoma
Manisha Koirala
Indian actress, social
activist
Ovarian cancer
Lisa Ray
Canadian actress, Model,
Philanthropist
Multiple
myelana
PPRC/INDIA28

32. Cancer development
PPRC/INDIA29

33. Significant cancers in Science
₪Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
₪Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
₪AIDS related cancers…. Kaposi sarcoma
Lymphoma
₪Anal cancer
₪Appendix cancer
₪Basal cell cancer
PPRC/INDIA30

34. Brain tumour
PPRC/INDIA31

35. Significant cancers in Science
₪Bile duct cancer
₪Bladder cancer
₪Bone cancer
₪Brain tumour
₪Breast cancer
₪Bronchial tumours
₪Cardiac tumours
PPRC/INDIA32

36. Bone cancer
PPRC/INDIA33

37. Significant cancers in Science
₪Cervical cancer
₪Colon cancer
₪Colo-rectal cancer
₪Embryonal tumours
₪Esophageal cancer
₪E wing sarcoma
₪Eye cancer
PPRC/INDIA34

38. Colon cancer
PPRC/INDIA35

39. Significant cancers in Science
₪Gall bladder cancer
₪Gastric cancer
₪Gastrointestinal cancer
₪Germ cell tumour
₪Head and neck cancer
₪Heart cancer
₪Liver cancer
PPRC/INDIA36

40. Lung cancer
PPRC/INDIA37

41. Significant cancers in Science
₪Kidney cancer
₪Laryngeal cancer
₪Lung cancer
₪Mouth cancer
₪Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer
₪Neuroblastoma
₪Oral cancer
PPRC/INDIA38

42. Bladder cancer
PPRC/INDIA39

43. Significant cancers in Science
₪Ovarian cancer
₪Salivary gland cancer
₪Skin cancer
₪Stomach cancer
₪Testicular cancer
₪Throat cancer
₪Thyroid cancer
PPRC/INDIA40

44. Kidney cancer
PPRC/INDIA41

45. Significant cancers in Science
₪Uterine cancer
₪Vaginal cancer
₪Wilms tumour
PPRC/INDIA42

46. Liver cancer
PPRC/INDIA43

47. PPRC/INDIA44

48. Top cancer fighting foods
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Mushrooms
Broccoli
Carrots
Blueberry
Grapes
Tomatoes
Raspberry
Papaya
PPRC/INDIA45

49. Top cancer fighting foods
PPRC/INDIA46

50. Top cancer fighting foods
PPRC/INDIA47

51. Top cancer fighting foods
Sweet potatoes
Flax seeds
Garlic
Turmeric
Lime
Oranges
Green tea
Soya powder
Water melon
Ginger
PPRC/INDIA48

52. Top cancer fighting foods
PPRC/INDIA49

53. Top cancer fighting foods
PPRC/INDIA50

54. Thank You!!
“BE WITH US”