presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at PAARL’s Seminar /Parallel Session-workshop on Library and Web 2011 (Holy Angel University, Angeles City, Pampanga, 19-20 August 2010)

1. 2010 PAARL Library Standards
A draft proposal
presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa

2. Standards for
Academic Libraries
PAARL Standards
formulated as “policies which
describe shared values and
principles of performance for a
library” (like ALA standards)
adopted in the context of
collections of “best practices” or
model documents for academic
libraries to use as helpful toolkits
and reference sources for
assessment

3. Standards for
Academic Libraries
•1975-6 Study of the library resources initiated by BHE
•1976 FAPE conducted the survey
•1977 Tentative Library Standards for Private Higher Education
presented at PLA Convention in June
•1988 PAARL took initiative of revising it with Ms. M.G. Dayrit
as Chair and presented for public hearings in October in
Iloilo and later in Manila
Final document was submitted to DECS
and became known as –
DECS Library Standards for Tertiary Education
– issued as Inclosure no. 3 to DECS Bulletin no. 1 s1988

4. Standards for
Academic Libraries
1995 – 1998 PAARL conducted seminars to review
1988 Library Standards
1999 –2000 PAARL created a Task Force to revise
the 1988 Standards headed by Mrs. Loreto
Serina, and in 2000, replaced by Ms. Lolita
Gonzales
2000 Public hearings were conducted (3 in NCR,
and last in Cebu City)
Final document was submitted to BFL
at PAARL’s General Assembly in Jan 2001
and to CHED’s Office of Programs and Standards
in March 2001

5. Standards for
Academic Libraries
PAARL Standards
going 10:
is there a need to update?

6. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Context of Change
• rapid changes in ICT – consideration of multiple
formats and changing information environment
• changing roles of academic and research
libraries
• issue of ownership vs. access
• application of information literacy and library
2.0
• revolutionizing user education practices
• evolving and new roles of librarians as agents
of change

7. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Scope
• Should PAARL Standards apply to all types of
academic libraries – small college and
university libraries, technical institute
libraries, large academic libraries, research
universities?
• If yes, should it be prescriptive
• or comprehensive?

8. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Approach
• qualitative or quantitative?
• incorporating measurable inputs (money,
space, collection, equipment, staff size);
• quantifying outputs or work done (books
circulated, reference queries answered,
formulating guidelines on technical standards for
bibliographic and other services rendered)
• qualifying desired outcomes (formulating
best practices)

9. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Format
• stick to the old format or adopt new format similar
to BFL?
• formulate separate areas outlining guidelines for:
- Mission, Goals and Objectives
- Administration
- Human Resources
- Financial Resources
- Collections
- Services
- Facilities
- Linkages and Networking

10. Standards for
Academic Libraries
• Overall mission
Significant Changes: Mission • Primary library goals
• Library programs and
• to provide information objectives in consultation
services in support of with appropriate represen-
the teaching, research, tatives from:
and public service
• Administration officials
missions of the parent
• Faculty
institution. • Library Staff
• to select, collect, • Students
organize, and provide • Trustees or regents
access to all varieties of • Advisory Boards
information for users. • State or other governmental units
associated with institution

11. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Required Elements/provisions:
Administration - Organizational Set-up
- Head librarian appointed by the President
- Advisory Committee
- Policies and Procedures Manuals
- Annual Report
- Periodic Evaluation
Added provisions •Autonomy of the library
•Academic qualifications of head librarian
• Collaboration with faculty
•Strategic planning/creation of
Development plan

12. Standards for
Academic Libraries
• College/University
Significant Changes – librarian shall have a
Administration master’s degree
• and the desirable
• The library, under its head or
director, should be managerial skills and
responsible for managing its experience
own affairs.
• This autonomy, however, only
reinforces the library’s • faculty or academic
responsibility to maintain
effective relationships with status, and
administration and faculty to
achieve its purposes. The • shall participate actively,
library should also adhere to
institutional protocols, and interact with the
procedures, and practices as faculty, on curricular and
they are stated by the
appropriate agencies within instructional matters,
the institution.
and research activities.

13. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Required Elements/provisions:
Human Resources - Librarians should be licensed/registered
- Sufficient number and variety of personnel
- Ratio of Librarians vis-à-vis support staff
- Continuing education
- Compensation, retirement, fringe benefits
Added provisions •Responsibilities should match
Educational competencies and experience
•Focus on career positions/salary schedules
•Written personnel policy
•Annual performance evaluation
•Mandatory staff development

14. Standards for
Academic Libraries
• deleted the ratio; qualitative,
depending on demands and
Significant Changes – expectations, other factors
Human Resources • qualifications should meet
academic needs
• all positions in the library should
• Size of Staff be established and organized as
• Kinds of Staff and part of a career service
Qualifications • Salary schedules should be
• Status created and should provide for
regular increases,
• Recruitment, • A benefit plan that includes
selection, Promotion social security, workers
and Compensation compensation, paid leaves,
health insurance, and retirement
• Staff development should be provided as part of the
compensation package

15. Standards for
Academic Libraries
• The changing complexity of
Significant Changes – library work and ongoing
Human Resources changes in technology
mandate regular staff
The library environment is participation in continuing
often fragmented by the type formal and informal education
of positions held by its
personnel. To avoid possible
friction within library staff,
• Librarians participating
such as from the derogatory
connotation of titles like actively in library and other
"semiprofessionals" and professional associations, as
"paraprofessionals," care well as those engaging in
needs to be taken to maintain other appropriate
good relations between the professional activities, should
different categories of be encouraged.
personnel.

16. Standards for
Academic Libraries
• - Separate budget for the Library (5-10%
Financial Resources
• of institutional total operating budget
- Library fees exclusive for collections
- Income generated by library should be
retained
- Library budget for media/computer access
“In addition, adequate funds shall be
Added provisions allocated by the institution for
maintenance, replacement, repairs,
renovation and for investment in new
and improved means of information
access and delivery.”

17. Standards for
Academic Libraries
4.2The operating budget of the library must
be appropriate to the mission of the
Significant Changes – library, and sufficient to sustain all
Financial Resources operations, including maintenance of
automated systems. If it is impossible to
The college/university meet all expectations or fund specific
librarian shall new programs, this should be made
clear, and a means for setting priorities
prepare, justify, and
administer a library established.
budget that meets the 4.8 The library director/head should
library’s objectives have authority to apportion funds
and the reasonable and initiate expenditures within
expectations of the library budget
library users when 4.9 The library budget should reflect
balanced against the library's responsibility for
other institutional acquiring, processing, servicing,
needs. and providing access to media
and computer resources.

18. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Collection Development provisions:
• Collections support mission/goals
Collections
• Written collection policy
• Involvement of academic community
- Selection and Acquisition in selection/acquisition
- Collection Management • Relevant/updated selection tools
• Periodic review of collections
- Holdings
Holdings
- Organization and Care
• Support academic needs
• Well-chosen/well-balanced
“Collection development is the • Strong reference collection
joint responsibility of the • Extensive Filipiniana collection
faculty and the librarian. • CD-Rom and multimedia
The emphasis is on quality • Reserve book per 20 students
rather than quantity .”
• Periodic collection evaluation
• Regular weeding program

19. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Collection management also includes
Significant Changes – leasing, renting, deselection, providing
Collections access to other collections, planned
resource-sharing and cooperative
storage, and electronic access to
Collection management databases.
not only involves the
selection and acquisition
process, but also the
organization and use of all Collection management
materials in all formats to recognizes the importance of
the level required to access to resources rather
support academic on ownership.
programs in research,
teaching, and public
service.
Adequate funding should be provided
to ensure the successful implementation of
the library’s collection management programs.

20. Standards for
Academic Libraries
5.2.4 “The collection management programs of the
library should be developed jointly by the library
and the college/university, indicating the depth and
breadth of the collections, as set out in an
appropriate taxonomy to determine collection
levels.
The following levels are generally recommended:
0 Out of scope
1 Minimal information
2 Basic information
3 Study or instructional support
4 Research
5 Comprehensive
The policies setting out this program should be in
written form, and regularly reviewed.”

21. Standards for
Academic Libraries
5.3.2. “Resources may be in a
Significant Changes – variety of formats, including print or
Collections: Holdings hard copy, online electronic text or
images, and other media.
Particular consideration shall be
given to the availability of Internet
services to supplement the
library’s collection of information
resources.
5.3.3 “In keeping with progress in information and
communication technology, the availability of e-resources
may be considered as substantial compliance in lieu of
books and other required print materials, provided that the
required minimum collection of five (5) professional titles
per student shall still be maintained.”

22. Standards for
Academic Libraries
5.3.6 “Recognition should be given to
Significant Changes – changes in curricular offerings, and
Collections: Holdings new academic programs. Equally,
recognition should be given to library
contributions to consortial or other
resource-sharing programs.”
5.3.5 “At least twenty-five
percent (25%) of the As far as budget permits,
book collection should the recommended ratio of
volumes to combined total
have been published
student population and
within the last 5 years.” teaching faculty
should be 10:1.
annual growth rate of the collection
shall be maintained at five percent

23. Standards for
Academic Libraries
5.3.15 “The
library should have a
Significant Changes – continuing and effective program
Collections: Holdings to evaluate its collections,
resources, and online databases,
both quantitatively and
qualitatively .”
5.3.8 “Recognition is given to cooperative or consortial
arrangements, with respect to periodical
subscriptions to professional / technical journals.
Jointly planned purchases and/or sharing of
periodical resources among libraries within a
given locality, if feasible, through document-
delivery, or pay-on-demand, or pay-per-view, and
other options are encouraged .

24. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Significant Changes –
Collections: Care
• 5.4.4 To reduce loss and damage, the
library should exercise appropriate
control over use and borrowing.
• 5.4.5 The library should have a
counter-disaster plan to cover minor
and major disasters to include both
damage prevention and damage
recovery.

25. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Under Collections – Organization
and Care:
Services
5.4.1 Collections shall be
organized to insure efficient
identification and retrieval, and
Included provisions:
to provide maximum intellectual
- Flexibility in service hours and physical accessibility to the
- Orientations expanded library and its resources
- Variety of Services
- Open-Shelf system (see 5.4.1)
6.10
- Written lending policies
The library should
- Academic community served
participate in programs
for the sharing of
bibliographic data.

26. Standards for
Academic Libraries
6.4 User instruction shall be provided as
specialized and in-depth assistance to
Significant Changes – all levels of users from freshmen to
Services faculty on the use of the library’s
resources…(more)
• User instruction
• Life-long learning 6.5
• Access to its own collection Librarians should collaborate
and elsewhere frequently with classroom faculty;
• Bibliographic-sharing participate in curriculum planning,
• Information access through as well as in information literacy
networking, instruction
online information services,
interlibrary loan activities, 6.12Distance learning programs should be
promoted by means of remote electronic
document-delivery services access to collections, the provision of
• Distance-learning programs reliable network connections, and through
electronic transmission or courier delivery
of library materials to remote users.

27. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Significant Changes –
Services
To be added as a separate provision:
“The Library should use technology to
enhance, not deny, access to
information. Librarians should provide
library users the training and
assistance necessary to find, evaluate,
and use information effectively.”

28. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Include:
- Site, Location and Design
Physical Facilities - Space requirements
- Furniture and equipment
- Physical provisions for reading comfort
- Security/control system
Essential provisions:
• Accessibility of library/director’s office and strategic location
• Space requirement allows rearrangement/future expansion
• Separate spaces for quiet study and group discussion
• Space provision for special services such as exhibits, displays
and photocopying facilities
• Provisions for equipment to access information/assist instruction
• Control and security measures in place; disaster preparedness

29. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Note:
Significant Changes – The technical specifications and details of
Facilities space requirements and enumeration of
specific furniture and equipment have
been removed.
“The library shall provide well-
planned, secure, and
sufficient space to meet the
perceived needs of staff and
users and to meet the housing To fulfill its service missions,
requirements of its the library should be close to the
collections including space
for automated services in a center of campus activity.
properly controlled
environment. In addition,
provision for future expansion
should be made.”
Note: library must be air-conditioned.

30. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Significant Changes –
Facilities
7.3.5 The library shall have facilities for information
technology and communication services. It shall
provide sufficient numbers of appropriately capable
computer workstations for access to electronic
resources. In addition, it should provide appropriate
equipment in adequate quantities and in good working
order for the convenient, efficient consultation, retrieval
or dissemination of local and remote information
resources by the library staff and its patrons. This
includes such IT and communications equipment as
computers with Internet connectivity, printers,
scanners, webcams, fax machines, and other electronic
communications equipment.

31. Standards for
Academic Libraries
8.1 The Library exists within a
Significant Changes – network of relationships
Linkages and Networking extending beyond the
institution. In cooperation with
other libraries, consortia,
networks, vendors, and other
The library should strive, agencies, the library should
as far as possible, to enhance
participate in programs that will
information access through
networking and linkages, and assist it in meeting its goals
online information services. and are consistent with the
mission of the university.
Interlibrary loan activities and document-delivery services shall
be encouraged for the purpose of increasing resources, providing
access to materials not owned by the library, and extending
cooperation with other libraries.

32. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Significant Changes –
Linkages and Networking
participation in exchange programs and consortia or cooperative projects
(under Financial Support)
providing access to other collections, planned resource-sharing and
cooperative storage, and electronic access to databases (under
Collection Management)
Equally, recognition should be given to library contributions to consortial
or other resource-sharing programs. (under Collections - Holdings)
The library should participate in programs for the sharing of bibliographic
data. (under Services)
library should strive to enhance information access through networking,
resource sharing, online information services, and use of
technological advances; interlibrary loan activities and document-
delivery services shall be encouraged for the purpose of increasing
resources and extending cooperation with other libraries (under
Services)

33. Standards for
Academic Libraries
Methodologies
• Create a subcommittee, task force, groups
• Conduct public hearings, consultative
meetings, roundtable discussions, etc.
• Conduct surveys (traditional, online)
• Utilize blogsites for opinions, comments,
suggestions, etc.
• Get endorsements
• Publish and disseminate

34. Questions?
Contact fe.verzosa@dlsu.edu.ph
Or famverzosa@yahoo.com

35. Thank you for listening!
For comments, contact me at famverzos@gmail.com