The document discusses the 2010 World Habitat Day, which was commemorated on October 4th with the theme of "Toward Better City and Better Life". It notes that over half of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and discusses some of the challenges of rapid urbanization. The commemoration of World Habitat Day aims to raise awareness of issues related to housing and settlements. In Indonesia, various activities were held to mark the day, and the Public Housing Minister emphasized that adequate housing is a human right. The UN has outlined five strategic steps needed to achieve "smarter cities for better life".

1. Surabaya Green and Clean: Toward Healthy Surabaya City
Edition IV, 2010
Information Media of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation
Habitat Day
Toward better City and Better Life

2. Information Media on Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitation
Table of
Published by: Contents
Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation
Working Group
(WSES Working Group) From the Editor ………………………………………………………………………….................... 3
Your Voice ………………………………………………………………….……………...................... 4
Main Report
Responsible Person
World Habitat Day 2010 Toward Better City and Life ………………………........ 5
Housing and Settlement Director of Bappenas
World Habitat Day, Increasing Concern on Urbanization Challenges …..…. 9
Environmental Sanitation Director of the
Habitat, Day, Water and Sanitation ...………………………………………............. 11
Health Ministry
Habitat National Secretariat of Indonesia …………………………………............ 13
Water Supply Development Director of the
Regulation
Public Work Ministry
Agenda 21 ……………………………….………………………………….......................... 15
Natural Resources Improvement and Efficient
Habitat Agenda ……………………………………………………………......................... 17
Technology Director of Domestic Affair
Lesson
Ministry
Surabaya Green and Clean: Toward Healthy Surabaya City ………….…............. 19
Director of Spatial and Environmental Facili-
Testimony
tation of the Domestic Affair Ministry
dr. M. Basyir Ahmad, Pekalongan Mayor. House is Human Right ………... 22
Different Side
Head of editorial staff
1,2 billion World Population are living in Unsuitable Settlements ……….. 24
Oswar Mungkasa
Discourse
Right to Water and Housing (second paper – finished) ……………………..... 30
Editorial Staff
Interview
Maraita Listyasari
Suharso Monoarfa, Public Housing Minister ...........................................…..... 30
Innovation
Managing Editor
Clearing Water With Moringa Leaves Seed ………………………..……............. 32
Eko Budi Harsono
Turning Air into Water ……………………………………..……………....................... 4 3
Reportage
Design and Production
15 Asia Pacific Journalists Visited Tambora Slump Area ……………….......... 6 3
Agus Sumarno
2010 Sanitation Jamboree, Sanitation Ambassador Met
Sofyar
with the Vice President …………………………………………………………………....... 38
Youth Urban Forum, Youth Involvement in Urban Development……….... 40
Circulation/Secretariat
Book Launching and Review in the Main Event of
Agus Syuhada
2010 World Habitat Day ………………………………………………........................ 43
Nur Aini
2010 UNICEF WES Program National Coordination Meetin …………......... 45
WSES Development Evaluation and Planning for the year 2010-2011 ... 46
Editorial Address
Workshop of Banten Province WSES Development Synergy …………....... 47
Jl. RP Soeroso 50, Central Jakarta,
Guidance
Ph/Fax: (021) 31904113
Toilet Alternatives as Options …………………………………………….................... 8 4
Website: http//www.ampl.or.id
Books Info ….……………………………………………………………………..…...................... 50
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com
CD Info … ….…………………………………………………………………………........................ 52
redaksi@ampl.or.id
Website Info ………………………………………………………………………..…..................... 54
WESE Literatures …………………………………………………………………..….................... 5 5
Editors accept external papers/article
Facts
concerning water supply and environmental
Why is Toilet in Your House Must Be Healthy? ……………..…………..................... 56
sanitation.
Climate Change and Cities ……………………………………………….............................. 59

3. From the Edisi IV, 2010
Editor
I
t has become a routine since 1986 that every infrastructures, facilities and utility (PSU). Partial
first Sunday of October is commemorated handling will not result in maximum result. This is
all around the world as Habitat Day. This the message to be conveyed through Habitat Day
year, Habitat Day has fallen on 4 October commemoration for the past 10 years.
2010 with theme of toward better city and In the spirit of integration, this edition of Percik
better life. Habitat Day is often commemorated in has raised the theme of Habitat Day in the hope that
Indonesia, however misguided still occurs where future housing and settlement developments can be
habitat day commemoration is considered to be only more integrated; not only in concept, but also in the
for the settlement development stakeholders. This implementation on the field. Hopefully.
is actually inappropriate considering close relation The year 2010 will soon be behind us, we
between housing and settlement (water supply and certainly welcome year 2011 with new ideas, targets,
environmental sanitation). It has been proven for and hopes. The same goes for us in Percik editorial
example, from the theme of 2003 Habitat Day staff and supporter. Hopefully Percik will continue
which was Water and Sanitation for Cities. to be published with brilliant theme and able to
Integration between WSES development and satisfy reader’s expectation. Therefore, we are still
settlement is a necessity, especially with regard to opening our door for theme proposal to be included
city development. As we all know, slump areas have in the year 2011. With that reason, relation between
become the ‘trade mark’ of almost every city, thus us is more than just reader and editor, but more
the management has become common agenda of than that. We have always tried to make Percik to
all cities. Slump areas problems are mainly adjacent be an interactive communication media among
to house and environment quality along with stakeholders. Let’s realize this hope together. (OM)
POKJA
3

4. Your
Voice ronmental Sanitation Working Group. Plant Trees Ennoble
But, for the past couple of months we
no longer acquire the magazine. Water
I got the latest Percik Magazine in- I am concern about the vanishing
advertently from one of my friends in forests in this country due to illegal
Percik Appearance logging. Natural disaster will occur
Lebak Kabupaten Health Agency dur-
continues to be better ing my visit to the agency. I finally bor- during the rainy season, and drought
My name is Wardi, water supply rowed the magazine to be copied for will occur during the dry season. This
and environmental sanitation ob- our library. may actually prevented if we care for
server. I live at Pasar Minggu, Jakarta To Percik editors, we are hoping the forest and ennoble water.
Selatan. I’m a loyal reader of Percik to get this magazine regularly. If fee Natural disaster in this country
Magazine since I first got the maga- is needed, I’m happy to subscribe. should be a warning for us to care and
zine back when I was still working at Thank you for your kind attention. pay more attention to nature. Growing
Regional Development Management Sukemi number of illegal logging have caused
Directorate General of the Domestic Kampung Rukun Rt06/Rw07 landslides because the rain water can-
Affair Department in 2004. Desa Bojongsari Serang, Banten not be adsorbed by the forest,
I would like to thank managers Without water we will not survive,
of Percik Magazine for the informa- Thank you for your attention and thus, let’s ennoble water such as we
tion and valuable lessons that I have for being loyal reader of Percik. Your ennoble ourselves. Rain water should
got with regard to Water Supply and name and address have been submit- acquire its rightful place. Let’s plant
Environmental Sanitation. I am im- ted as regular reader. We will send the trees that can adsorb water, so we are
pressed with the new appearance of magazine to you regularly. Hope you not lacking of water. If the rain water
Percik Magazine with better design. enjoy the magazine.
The content of this magazine can be is being adsorbed, our homes will be
compared to commercial magazine in save from flood and other natural di-
the level of Tempo Magazine. Water is a Gift saster.
I hope, Percik Magazine may con- We have started to find difficulty Ahmad Riyadi Umar
tinue to exist in providing numbers in acquiring water supply, especially Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur
of information and lesson as well as during the drought season. Without
community empowerment in WSES us knowing, water is turning into lux- Don’t Use Water
sector. Bravo Percik Magazine. ury good, whereas we will have diffi- Excessively
Mawardi culties in acquiring them because it is The benefit of water as life support
Kalibata Tengah Pasar Minggu getting scarce or expensive. must be well managed in the use. Its
Jakarta Selatan We can already see the symptoms existence as God’s gift must be recog-
of water as luxury good. One is the nize and utilized maximally. The grate-
Thank you very much for your kind loss of ground water recharge due to fulness should not only come out of
attention and appreciation to Percik deforestation, worsened by narrow- our mouth, but should also come out
magazine. We will keep trying to en- ing river area as water reserve due to through series of actions or wise and
hance and improve information quality change of use into settlement. just attitude toward water utilization,
and magazine appearance so it may be Two, water contamination that in accordance with the requirement
well accepted by the people. Hopefully was not seriously handled. The con- standard.
this magazine will continue to exist and taminants are certainly the main As we know, water is un-renew-
provide the best information. cause of inconsumable water. Three, able natural resources. Effective and
water privatization. Water that govern efficient use is greatly important in
Subscription to the lives of many is owned only by cer- anticipating excessive water use.
Percik Magazine tain groups that can manipulate water The excessive attitude is also forbid
It has been almost one year since management. Everyone have right to by religion because it is belong in the
my friends and I, Environment and water. By privatization, not everyone’s category of “isyraf”. Especially because
Community Empowerment activists of right to water is recognized. water is certainly includes the lives of
Pelangi Dunia at Sungai Ciujung, Ban- Therefore, from now on, water many, and environment in general.
ten acquired Yunior Percik and Percik management must be fixed. Don’t let Thus, management tool for the people
magazine from our friends from Ban- it become disaster, but a gift. in proper use of water is required.
ten Province Water Sup- Thomas Sutasman Muhammad Erfan
ply and Envi- Cilacap, Jawa Tengah Ciputat, Tangerang
4

5. Main
Report
2010 World Habitat Day
Toward Better
City and Better life
H
ISTIMEWA
abitat is a crucial mitment to implement the agreed Day is also one of the methods to
issue to be re- Global Act Plan. Several activities in remind world population about the
garded by many relation to the Habitat Agenda have phenomena and challenges of the
parties due to its been actively followed by the gov- urban people.
relation with the ernment, such as Habitat5+ in New One of the world challenges today
fulfillment efforts of people’s pros- York on 2001 and biannual meeting is rapid growing of urban areas (cities).
perity. In dealing with habitat-relat- of Governing Council of UN Habi- If before, vast majority of the world
ed issues, countries in the world have tat in Nairobi. Prof. Johan Silas as population are living in the rural ar-
showed their concern commitment KIP (Kampong Improvement Pro- eas, today, over half of world popula-
through several agreements namely gram) initiator has received Habitat tion are living in the urban areas and
1976 Vancouver Declaration and Scroll of Honours for his commit- this number is estimated to increase
Habitat Agenda that was established ment and dedication for settlement into two-third by 2030. With the lim-
in Istanbul, Turk in 1996. development, especially for poor ited resources management capacity
The Habitat Agenda that was people. in the city, many negative impacts will
signed by 171 countries (includ- The content of Vancouver Dec- arise, from growing problem of the
ing Indonesia) contains more than laration and Habitat Agenda is the lack of proper settlement, grow-
100 commitments and 600 recom- message to be conveyed to people ing slump areas, pollution, traf-
mendations. Every country that has through annual commemoration of fic jams, social gaps,
signed the Habitat Agenda has com- World Habitat Day. World Habitat etc.
5

6. Main Report
ized at Cengkareng flats, Jakarta and (5) Improving cultural involvement.
Data and Facts of the theme was selected to remain The above steps are expected to act
Urban Areas: people about Millennium Develop- as important catalyst in realizing
n Fifty percent of world population is ment Goals that were launched five better life for all.
currently living in the city years before. World Habitat Day commemo-
n Three billion of world population is
living in the city. 1 billion of which By rising the theme of “Better ration this year, such as the years
is living in slump areas. In Sub- City, Better Life” for 2010, this before, was held jointly by Public
Sahara Africa area, 70% of the city
population is living in slump areas. year’s commemoration tries to em- Housing Ministry and Public Work
n In 2005, there is 1,4 billion more
people in the cities compare to year phasize on the importance of city Ministry. In the press conference
1980. quality in supporting better life, of 2010 World Habitat Day that
n Urbanization is found more in
developing countries. In contrary, that will encourage opportunities fell on Monday, 4 October 2010,
Europe countries are experiencing and potencies, reducing gap, and Public Housing Minister, Suharso
decline due to the advance
transportation and communication providing proper settlement for all Monoarfa has stated that livable
that has reduced population layers of community. house is an issue of Human Right
concentration in one place.
In the global message of UN that requires special attention from
Sumber:The State of the World Atlas
Habitat presented by Inga Björk- the government and better settle-
Klevby (Assistant Secretary-General ment is collective responsibility for
of the United Nations and Deputy the future. This statement is in line
Toward Better
Executive Director, UN-HABI- with the mission of Habitat Agenda,
City and Better Life
TAT), it was said that for better liv- which is proper settlement for all
This year, in relation to World
ing, smarter city is required. Inga and sustainable urbanization.
Habitat Day Commemoration,
said, only smart cities can provide
Indonesia has resume participa-
their citizens with better life. In 2010 World Habitat Day
tion such as prior years. In 2008,
order to accomplish smarter city Activities in Indonesia
World Habitat Day commemora-
for better life, there are five strate- In Indonesia, 2010 World Habi-
tion was held at Bali and in 2009
gic steps that were encouraged by tat Day was commemorated for the
at Palembang City. For global com-
UN Habitat namely: (1) Improving purpose to increase concern of all
memoration, Indonesia has hosted a
life quality, (2) Investing in human parties, namely central and local
2005 World Habitat Day with The
capital, (3) Encouraging sustain- governments, private sector, uni-
Millennium Goals and the City as
able public economy growth, (4) versities, and community. Another
theme. That year, World Habitat
Improving politic participation, and purpose is to encourage new think-
Day commemoration was central-
ing on current condition of settle-
ment. Furthermore, 2010 World
Habitat Day was commemorated to
provide understanding to the people
on housing and settlement issues as
well as encouraging participation of
housing and settlement stakehold-
ers in activities to improve compre-
hension of World Habitat Day and
implementation of Habitat Agenda,
especially among the youth because
future responsibility of earth sus-
tainability is on their hands.
6

7. Edisi IV, 2010
KEMENPERA
presented speakers among others
are ex-Kimpraswil (Housing and
Regional Infrastructure) Minister,
Erna Witoelar, Urban Sociology
Observer Imam B. Prasodjo, Head
of Indonesia Planning Expert Asso-
ciation (IAP), Iman Soedrajat, and
also government representatives of
Yogyakarta, Manado, and Palem-
bang.
With regard to sanitation, on 12-
16 October 2010, Cipta Karya Di-
rectorate General held a Sanitation
Jamboree at Wisma Hijau Cimanggis
with the theme of “Concern of Sani-
Public Housing Minister, Suharso Monoarfa (middle) and Public Work Minister, Djoko tation, Concern of Water Quality”.
Kirmanto (right) together with the book writer of “Pestering Housing and Environmental Participants of Sanitation Jamboree
Implementation Order”, Tjuk Kuswartojo.
comprised of 128 students from 32
It is only appropriate that World by 2010 Habitat National Seminar provinces in Indonesia. In the open-
Habitat Day commemoration was “Better City, Better Life” that was ing ceremony, Public Worl Minis-
filled with Seminars and Workshops, held at Sultan Hotel, Jakarta on 30 ter Djoko Kirmanto revealed that
Sanitation Jamboree, Book Launch- September 2010. Seminar with the Sanitation Jamboree is a national
ing as the main event and also Youth theme of Management Concept of campaign that focused on children
Urban Forum for the youth in ITS Sustainable and Humanist Urban as central point. They are expected
Surabaya. Beside the above activities, Housing and Settlement discussed to be the agent of development in
World Habitat Day was also intro- the city from the aspect of livable their own areas. As series of Sanita-
duced to public through television, – namely the aspects of social, eco- tion Jamboree, a tour was held to
radio, printed media, and internet. nomic, safety and environment. Lippo Karawaci Waste Water Treat-
Series of 2010 World Habitat Seminar that was held by Public ment with participation of Elemen-
Day Commemoration was initiated Housing Ministry Formal Deputy tary School students from schools in
Cimanggis for the purpose of early
Numbers of World Population who lives in the Cities, 1990-2030 (%) introduction to waste water treat-
ment.
Region 1990 2000 2009 2010* 2020* 2030*
Meanwhile, on Sunday morn-
World 42.6 46.4 50.1 50.5 54.4 59.0 ing, 17 October 2010, Habitat Fun
Asia 31.5 36.8 41.7 42.2 47.2 52.9 Bike Activity was held. This activity
Oceania/ 70.7 70.4 70.2 70.2 70.4 71.4 was led by Public Housing Minis-
Pacific ter and followed by approximately
Europe 69.8 70.8 72.5 72.8 75.4 78.4 150 participants, both from higher
North America 75.4 79.1 81.9 82.1 84.6 86.7 level officials in the Ministry and
Latin America 70.3 75.5 79.3 79.6 82.6 84.9 staffs of Public Housing and
Africa 32.1 36.0 39.6 40.0 44.6 50.0 Public Work Ministries. This
*Prediction, Source: UN casual biking was
7

8. Main Report
started on 6.30 am (West Indonesia knowledge on settlement as the base classes in this workshop, which is
time – WIB) taking the start from toward better city. This book launch- the class of “Organizing Buildings
Public Housing Ministry’s yard ing was also marked by speech from and Environments toward Qualified
through Senayan Circle (Bundaran Public Work and Public Housing City” and “Organizing Slump Areas
Senayan), Sudirman Street through Ministers followed by official book in Answering the Challenge of Cli-
HI Circle (Bundaran HI) and back launching to the stakeholders in- mate Change”.
to the Ministry’s office. When in cluding development implementer, As the closure of this year’s series
HI Circle, participants distributed academician, NGOs, media and the of World Habitat Day commemo-
stickers of 2010 World Habitat Day elders and followed by book review ration, Youth Urban Forum was
(HHD) to the people for them to that presenting linguists of all com- held at ITS Surabaya. In this two
better understand World Habitat munities. days event on 8-9 November 2010,
Day. Other activities in the series of Public Housing Minister Suharso
The peak of 2010 World Habi- 2010 World Habitat Day com- Monoarfa and Surabaya Mayor Tri
tat Day took place on 18 October memoration is the National Work- Rismaharini gave general lecture to
2010 and marked by launching, ex- shop that was held by Directorate of approximately 300 students. This
hibition, and book review of “Flash- Housing Development and Direc- lecture is then followed by discus-
back on Settlement 1900-2000” torate of Environmental Building sion among the students and field
and “Pestering Settlement and En- Order, Cipta Karya, of Public Work visit to Tempe kampong, Sukoma-
vironmental Management Order”. Ministry that was held on October nunggal, Surabaya. Youth Urban
Public Housing Minister hopes that 26th 2010 at Public Work Ministry. Forum as the closure of World
launching of this book may inspire The workshop with the title of “City Habitat Day commemoration se-
youth to plan and design a more in- Support Capacity and Adaptation to ries has affirmed the fact that world
novative and creative housing and Climate Change” presented speakers cities continuity is in the hands of
settlement. Main event of book namely Onno W. Purbo and Imam youth, for better city and better
launching was targeted to increase B. Prasodjo. There are two parallel life. (LNP)
HARSYA PAMBUDI
Participants of Youth Urban Forum
are listening to general lecture from
the Mayor of Surabaya
8

9. Edisi IV, 2010
ISTIMEWA
World Habitat Day
Increasing Concern on
Urbanization Challenges
E
very year, the world always persuades all organization both inside and outside
commemorates World Habitat Day on the UN system to support the national efforts of
the first Monday of October. World projects planning, formulation implementation,
Habitat Day is one of international and evaluation to improve settlement quality. The
days that was established by the UN Vancouver conference has also based establishment
and commemorated as realization of our concern to of United Nations Human Settlements Program
fulfillment of proper housing and settlement for all. (UN-HABITAT), UN commission for settlements
Other purpose of World Habitat Day is to remind sector.
people on the need of collective responsibility for the Approximately 9 years latter, in the year 1985,
future of human habitat. in Commission on Human Settlement Resolution
The origin of World Habitat Day cannot be dated 8 May 1985, proposal of World Habitat Day
apart from Habitat I conference or Habitat: United was submitted. This proposal was then adopted
Nation Conference on Human Settlement in and established in UN Court Resolution in the
Vancouver, Canada, back in 1976. In the conference year 1985 (Resolution 40/202 of 17 December
that was held 34 years ago, the world has started 1985) thus World Habitat Day has started to be
to realize the growing phenomena of urbanization commemorated in the year 1986. The start of World
along with its impacts, especially in developing Habitat Day commemoration on 1986 was also
countries. Before, the problem of urbanization and marking 10 years commemoration of Habitat I.
its impacts have almost never been UN priority. In the first commemoration that was held in
Habitat I Conference has become the first UN Nairobi, Kenya, the selected theme was Shelter
conference in the sector of settlement and resulted in is My Right. Ten years latter in 1996,
Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements that Habitat II conference
9

10. Main Report
was held at Istanbul, Turk which resulted in the which are Adequate Shelter for All and Sustainable
Habitat Agenda. Habitat Agenda is commitment Urbanization. World Habitat Day commemoration
of 176 head of countries including Indonesia to has become momentum to promote main messages
support better future of human habitat. of Habitat Agenda. Habitat Day commemoration
Habitat II conference has become some sort from one year to the next has become more
of turning point on the focus of settlement issue. important. Thirty-four years ago, during Habitat I
Themes of World Habitat Day commemoration in era, two-third of world population are still living in
the prior years have emphasized more on ‘shelter’. rural areas. Today, the proportion has been reversed,
Since 1996, World Habitat Day theme has shifted more than half world population are living in urban
to city (see box). This tendency may arise due to areas and in 2030 it was estimated that two – third
the thinking that settlement problems are problems of world population will live in the city. This will
of city and urban. Habitat Agenda as the output certainly have bigger consequence.
of Habitat II has reflected manifestation of this For 2010, World Habitat Day fell on Monday, 4
tendency. Through Habitat Agenda, countries in the October 2010 with the theme of “Better City, Better
world are trying to accomplish Adequate Shelter for Life”. This theme emphasized on the importance
All and Sustainable Urbanization. of city quality in supporting better life, which will
The theme of World Habitat Day encourage potency and opportunity, reducing gap
commemoration is always different from year and providing proper settlement for all.
to year, however the theme selected is always in
line with two main messages of Habitat Agenda, LNP from various sources.
Themes of World Habitat Day
2010 – Better City, Better Life
2009 – Planning Our Urban Future
2008 – Harmonious Cities
2007 – A Safe City is a Just City
2006 – Cities, Magnets of Hope
2005 – The Millennium Goals and the City POKJA
2004 – Cities – Engines of Rural Development
2003 – Water and Sanitation for Cities
2002 – City-to-City Cooperation
2001 – Cities without Slums
2000 – Women in Urban Governance
1999 – Cities for All
1998 – Safer Cities
1996 – Urbanization and Human Solidarity
1995 – Our Neighborhood Curitiba
1994 – Home and the Family
1993 – Women and Shelter Development
1992 – Shelter and Sustainable Development
1991 – Shelter and the Living Environment
1990 – Shelter and Urbanization
1989 – Shelter, Health and the Family
1988 – Shelter and Community
1987 – Shelter for the Homeless
1986 – Shelter is My Right
10

11. Edisi IV, 2010
POKJA
Habitat Day,
Water and Sanitation
E
very year, UN Habitat has facilities, especially for low income in his message that cities will un-
become UN committee to people, women, and those who are deniably be the center of activities
organize World Habitat Day considered as vulnerable and mar- and opportunities, however, with-
commemoration. UN Habitat is ginalized groups. out proper settlement and adequate
performing its mandate based on Specifically, World Habitat Day basic facilities, city environment will
Vancouver Declaration on Human has once raised the theme of Water be the most dangerous environment
Settlements document, along with and Sanitation in the year 2003. In on earth.
other documents such as the Habitat that year, World Habitat Day has In the world where half of the
Agenda and the Millennium Decla- focused on urban water condition population lives in the cities, there
ration. These documents empha- and sanitation crisis. A situation far are at least 1 billion people in dan-
sized on proper settlement for all. worse than existing statistics. ger in relation to the lack of ad-
Proper settlement and its services are In 2003 World Habitat Day equate water supply and sanitation.
human right where the government global message, Anna Tibaijuka, In Asian cities, there are 700 million
is obligated to assist low income UN Habitat Director at the mo- people are lacking water and 800
people in acquiring settlements. ment has stated that sustainable million are without proper sanita-
Proper settlements for all cannot development is started from health. tion. Moreover, in many regions,
be apart from provision and condi- Therefore, sustainable condition poor people tend to pay more for
tion of water and sanitation. It was cannot be fulfilled without sustain- water compare to richer peo-
stated in the Habitat Agenda to spe- able investment in water supply and ple.
cifically promote access to safe water basic sanitation. Meanwhile, Kofi With regard to
supply, sanitation and other basic Annan as the Secretary General said 2003
11

12. Main Report
Data and Facts on
Water Supply and Sanitation
- Almost half of world population is
experiencing water shortage.
- Almost one billion of world
population is without access to
proper water supply.
- In developing countries, almost one
of every four people has no access to
sanitation, even the most basic one.
- Women have the biggest burden
in acquiring water for household
purposes.
- Central areas in big cities generally
have access to water and sanitation,
however, city’s poor people usually is
not included in the service coverage.
Illegal city settlements have the
worst and unhygienic condition
Sumber: UN Habitat Urban World - Juni 2010 POKJA
World Habitat Day, at the moment, “Slum to Neighborhood” which Rudimentary Housing, and “Accel-
global commemoration with the was initiated in the year 1993. Ur- eration of Water Supply and Sanita-
theme of “Water and Sanitation for ban Minister of Brazil at the time tion Provision for Low Income Peo-
Cities” was held at Rio De Janeiro city has said that better access to water ple in 1.500 Kampong/Kelurahan
of Brazil. Participants from all over and sanitation has become Brazil Every Year”.
the world visited Cajú area, a slump priority in fulfilling basic needs of Today, in the year 2010, water
area resided with approximately 800 urban poor community. This com- and sanitation issues have remain to
families. This area represents typical mitment has shown seriousness of be crucial issues, especially when only
slump areas in other part of the city Brazilian government in providing 5 years left to the year 2015 where
where almost 20 percent population right equality on city to urban poor targets of MDGs must be achieved.
of Rio de Janeiro lives. Interestingly, community. From water provision point of view,
in Cajú, people have very good ac- Meanwhile, in Indonesia, 2003 there are more people who have ac-
cess to water and sanitation, electric- World Habitat Day commemora- cess to proper water supply and even
ity, transportation, and social servic- tion was held at Denpasar, Bali. The more people have access to sanita-
es. Located on the riverside, Cajú is President of Indonesia Republic at tion facilities. However, in order to
a positive result of city’s initia- the time, Megawati Soekarnoputri, achieve MDGs targets, the effort
tive example of had the opportunity to proclaim must be doubled.
Development of 1.000.000 units of
12

13. Edisi IV, 2010
Habitat National Secretariat for Indonesia
Improving Knowledge and Network of
Urban Development and Housing Sector
T
he issue of settlement and urban are complex known as Habitat Seknas was established in 2008
and multi-disciplines issues. Capacity building by Joint Decree of Public Work Minister and Public
of Government and other stakeholders to Housing Minister to support inter-agency cooperation
better plan and manage the city is necessary. For that (government and non-government) as well as program
reason, knowledge improvement of housing and urban implementation in relation to Habitat Agenda in
development sectors is required, as well as a strong Indonesia. Habitat Seknas is expected to resume
network for information exchange and cooperation. previous role of Habitat National Committee.
In 1981, a Housing National Secretariat has been Habitat Seknas retain the function of knowledge
established to coordinate international organization hub of urban development and housing sector. Habitat
activity in relation to housing and planning in Seknas is expected to be the knowledge center in the
Indonesia. It functions as clearing house that sector of housing and settlement, and common house
accommodates and channel profession association that for practitioners, academicians, and other development
relates with the activity of planning and housing. actors to discuss and criticize issues of housing and
ISTIMEWA
Twenty years later, in 2001, Habitat
II Agenda National Committee was
established by Indonesia Republic President
with the task of assisting implementation
of Habitat II Agenda in Indonesia and
providing consideration and advice to the
Government regarding implementation of
Habitat II Agenda.
Indonesia Habitat National Secretariat
With the above background, Indonesia
Habitat National Secretariat or better
Vision
Improving knowledge and network of urban development and housing
sector.
Mission
- Improving knowledge of urban development and housing sector through
information documentation and best practices as well as publication
through website and printed material.
- Improving network of urban development and housing sector through
information exchange and discussion forum.
- Providing inputs on strategic issues for policy makers.
- Supporting national and international implementation in relation to Ha­
bitat II Agenda
13

14. Main Report
settlements, provide
policy input and
harmonize activity
programs. ‘Common house
To support inter- for practitioners,
agency cooperation, academicians, and other
Habitat Seknas has development actors to
involved 8 ministries discuss and criticize
namely Public Work issues of housing and
Ministry, Public settlements …’
Housing Ministry,
Coordinator
Ministry of Public Welfare Sector, Foreign
Affair Ministry, PPN/Bappenas Ministry,
Domestic Affair Ministry, Environmental Ministry
and Health Ministry to sit as Steering Team, Operator
Team, and Daily Team.
Steering Team is currently led by Cipta Karya
Directorate General, Budi Yuwono with deputy from
Public Housing Ministry Secretary, Iskandar
Saleh. Operator Team under
the Steering Team is led eknas
abitat S
by Cipta Karya Directorate Indon esia’s H 68
ya I no.
General Secretary, Susmono and Jl. Wija 710
12
assisted by two representatives Jakarta -21-7226530 .or.id
ax: 62 donesia
of the Head of Planning and Ph/F a bitat-in
info@h indonesia.or.id
Budget Bureau of Public Housing Email: abitat-
:h
ISTIMEWA
Website and APMCHUD Bureau
Ministry, Oswar Mungkasa and
Director of Bina Program Cipta Meeting. In the meeting,
Karya, Antonius Budiono. At the officials from Asia Pacific countries have gathered to
moment, Head of Daily Team and Seknas Habitat discuss the issue of housing and settlement.
who responsible for daily Seknas activities is Dr. Lana Other than international activities, Seknas has also
Winayanti of Public Housing Ministry, assisted by published several publications such as Country Profile
Dr. Hadi Sucahyono of Public Work Ministry as her Indonesia in housing and settlement that was divided
deputy. into 5 sectors and several times carried out thematic
discussions by involving different elements such as
Seknas Activities governments, academicians, students, NGOs, and
Scope of work Habitat Seknas has includes research institutes.
mainstreaming Habitat Agenda, supporting Every year, Habitat Seknas has also taken role
international activities, documentation of best in Habitat Day commemoration. In 2009, Word
practices and monitoring and controlling national/ Habitat Day commemoration was held at Palembang,
international habitat activities. Sumatera Selatan with the theme of Planning Our
Habitat Seknas role in realizing its vision and Urban Future and in 2010 the commemoration was
mission is evident among others through Asia Pacific focused in Jakarta with the theme of Better City, Better
Ministerial Conference on Housing and Urban Life. 2010 commemoration was marked by book
Development (APMCHUD) at Solo launching in accordance with Habitat Seknas’ function
on 22-24 June 2010 as knowledge center in housing and settlement sector.
14

15. Regulation Edisi IV, 2010
Agenda 21
Humanity stands at a defining moment in history. Agenda 21 tries to ensure sustainable future which
We are confronted with a perpetuation of disparities requires bigger awareness from all of us to find solutions
between and within nations, a worsening of poverty, to the problems.
hunger, ill health and illiteracy, and the continuing With its substance, Agenda 21 has become some
deterioration of the ecosystems on which we depend for sort of blue print for global partnership to realize
our well-being. However, integration of environment high quality environments and healthy economic for
and development concerns and greater attention everyone on this planet. Agenda 21 discusses critical
to them will lead to the fulfillment of basic needs, issues that we are facing as global community such as
improved living standards for all, better protected ecosystem degradation, increasing poverty, hunger and
and managed ecosystems and a safer, more prosperous poor health, growing world population and illiteracy.
future. No nation can achieve this on its own; but Agenda 21 consists of 40 chapters that identified every
together we can - in a global partnership for sustainable
challenge and provides realistic and simple solution
development. to sustainable development in fulfilling today’s
requirements without reducing the future generation’s
Agenda 21, paragraf 1.1 ability to fulfill their own needs.
Agenda 21 consists of 5 parts with the total of 40
chapters. Preliminary part is Preamble (chapter 1.1-
1.6). The next part is Part 1 (chapter 2.1-8.54) that
A
genda 21 is a comprehensive action plan to contains relation between social and economic aspects.
be applied locally, nationally, or globally by This part emphasizes the importance of international
organizations in the systems of UN, cooperation to implement and accelerate efforts
government and related groups on every toward sustainable development.
aspect with impact on environment. The next part is Part 2 (chapter 9.1-
Agenda 21 together with Rio Declaration 22.9) containing resources conservation
on Environment and Development and and management for development
‘Agenda 21 has
Statement of Principles for the Sustainable become a blue which includes among other
Management of Forests are documents that print for global mountain conservation, prevention
were adopted by 178 Governments in United partnership of deforestation, protection of water
Nations Conference on Environment and to realize sources, solid waste, waste water,
Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit high quality and radioactive management, and
that was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-14 environment protection of oceans. Part 3 of Agenda
and healthy
June 1992. economic.’ 21 describes role strengthening
Agenda 21 offers hope, invites is to plan of majority group (chapter
and take current action to preserve heritage 23.1-32.14). This chapter
to be inherited by the future generation. contains a
15

16. Regulation
statement that sustainable development is the main this demand through integral approach can also be
responsibility of every government, but commitment the capital to improve life quality, productivity, health
and involvement of every social group is important to quality, and reducing investment cost in term of
realize effective implementation of every government’s curative medication and assisting the effort of poverty
policy that relates with Agenda 21. eradication.
The last part of Agenda 21 is Part 4 containing The target in Agenda 21 in relation to this issue is
more specific matters of implementation actions and fulfillment of infrastructure properly by the year 2025.
how to initiate the action plans (chapter 33.1-40.30). Therefore, it is important for every developing country
Several underlined matters in this chapter among other to integrate capacity development in term of human
is the use of technology, improving public awareness resources, funding or technical into each national
through education, data and information sharing to strategy.
support decision making. In achieving the target, implementation is required
in term of: (1) financing and
expenditure based evaluation,
(2) utilization of science and
technology through research
acceleration in integral
policies, environmental impact
analysis, and effective demand
measurement method, as well
as (3) human resources capacity
building through improvement
of awareness, skill training,
institutional strengthening, and
adoption of proper regulatory
instrument.
Follow Up of Agenda 21
All over the world,
government, business community,
non-government organization
POKJA
and other elements have placed
Water, Sanitation, Drainage, Agenda 21 ideas into each plan or policy. This includes
and Waste Management Indonesia which in 1997 has formulated Indonesia’s
Water, sanitation, drainage, and waste management Agenda 21: national strategy for sustainable development
are some of the aspects that were specifically discussed that was published by Environmental Ministry. Today,
in Agenda 21. It was emphasized regarding these issues almost 20 years later, Agenda 21 is still very crucial
in Agenda 21 that the effort to improve infrastructure and implementation requires multi-fold efforts with
provision of water, sanitation, drainage, and waste growing challenges. For that reason, cross-elemental
management need to be integrated. Infrastructure involvement in implementing Agenda 21 is very
fulfillment is important because minimum important. This task requires not only leadership and
infrastructure, especially in developing countries funding from government and business communities,
may lead to disease and death. Moreover, developing but also vision and cooperation of every citizen.
countries have challenges where infrastructure Sustainable development will never be achieved
fulfillment exceeds the growth of the without cooperation of all sectors of community.
demand. Whereas fulfilling
16

17. Edisi IV, 2010
Habitat Agenda
Adequate Shelter for All vision of sustainable settlement – where everyone
Sustainable Urbanization will have proper settlement, healthy and comfortable
environment, basic service, and productive and
T
he world is facing rapid urbanization and liberating job. Habitat Agenda will be guidance for
many governments in many countries are all efforts in order to change this vision into reality.
not ready to handle this phenomenon. In general, Habitat Agenda has two main
Even so, in 1996 there is one turning point in the messages which is Adequate Shelter for All and
international world to promote the effort in realizing Sustainable Urbanization. Habitat Agenda offers
sustainable city, both from social and environmental positive vision for cities with practical road map on
aspects. the world that has been impacted by urbanization.
On June that year, the United Nations’ 1996 Other important message from Habitat Agenda
Conference on Human Settlements was held at is that good governance is a requirement for
Istanbul, Turk. The purpose of this sustainable cities and poverty eradication.
conference is to assess progress of the Beside the two main messages of Adequate
past two decades since establishment of Shelter for All and Sustainable Urbanization,
Vancouver Declaration on 1976, and Habitat Agenda also discuss other
also to establish a more suitable goal in ‘…good related issues such as health, nutrition,
welcoming the new millennia. governance is and water and sanitation. Habitat
The conference is a conference with Agenda relates urban problems and
relatively new approach because it a requirement poverty eradication as well as job
offers a more integrated, inclusive, and for sustainable addition and special attention to
participative policy, strategy, and action cities and poverty women and marginalized groups.
toward safe, healthy, and just world eradication.’ The output of Habitat Agenda
cities. This conference involves not is a comprehensive strategy that
only government representatives, but encourages new partnership to act in
also non government organization, private sector, local, national, or international levels.
academician, and cooperation groups. Habitat Agenda consists of
The conference that was also called Habitat 241 paragraphs that were divided into
II has resulted in Istanbul Declaration and 4 parts. First part is Introduction (paragraph 1-21).
also Habitat Agenda which was signed by 171 This part underlines global challenge of housing
countries, including Indonesia. Habitat Agenda and encourages nations to face the challenges. The
consists of more than 100 commitments and 600 second part of this document contains Goals and
recommendations. Every country that has signed Principles (paragraph 22-36) that provides direction
the Habitat Agenda is committed to implement the to target policies as government’s action and
agreed Global Action Plan. strategy to achieve it. The strategy also relates with
cooperation, participation, information sharing,
Habitat Agenda and supervising. The third part contains
Habitat Agenda is a global shout-out to act in Commitment (paragraph 37-52) underlines
every layer. In every target framework, principles, agreement of the international
and commitment, Habitat Agenda offers positive communities in
17

18. Regulation
Source: Cities and Homes for All:
The Habitat Agenda,
UN Habitat, 1996
discuss action plan in
infrastructure and basic
services. Infrastructure and
basic services include water,
sanitation, waste management,
social welfare, transportation
and communication facilities,
health, school, safety and
open space. Habitat Agenda
achieving proper settlement for all, sustainable emphasize that government,
housings, public sector, private, and community community, and private need to cooperate in order
involvement, in housing development, gender to fulfill the basic need.
equality, housing financing, and international Central government will have a share in
cooperation. supporting local authority in management,
Global Action Plan is the last part of Habitat operation, and maintenance of infrastructure
Agenda. This is the biggest part of this document and basic services. On other side, private sector,
(paragraph 53-241). There are 5 strategy actions in community, and non government organization can
this part in order to achieve: (1) proper settlement participate in service provider and management
for all, (2) sustainable housing, (3) capacity building under coordination of the government. Government
and institution development, (4) international must also provide infrastructure access and basic
cooperation and coordination, and (5) supervision services especially for poor and marginalized people
and implementation of Habitat Agenda. as well as involving local community in establishing
standard and priority.
Infrastructure and Basic Services
In paragraph 84-87, Habitat Source: Cities and Homes for All: The Habitat
Agenda specifically Agenda, UN Habitat, 1996, from various sources.
18

19. Learning Edisi IV, 2010
FOTO-FOTO: HARSYA PAMBUDI
Surabaya Green and Clean: Toward
Healthy
Surabaya City
S
urabaya as the 2nd largest metropolitan Surabaya City Government thought of an alternative
city in Indonesia with population of way to handle solid waste and decided to apply
over 2 million people has turned out to community based solid waste management program
only have one final disposal site (TPA which also known as Green and Clean program.
- landfill), which is Keputih TPA that In the year 2004, with the support of local
receives waste from 155 temporary disposal sites NGO, Surabaya City has initiated public education
(TPS) in Surabaya. However, solid waste at Keputih program of solid waste management. The purpose
is not well managed and have caused of this program is to introduce
bad odor that bothered the surrounding alternative ways of solid waste sorting
neighborhood and has been forced to and management from the cycle base
close in the year 2001. In consequence, on household level, while the strategy
solid waste has kept piling up at TPS’ being use is by introducing accurate
sites and moreover, solid waste can be technology along with instruction on
seen at every corner of the city. In the how to apply it at household level, the
year 2004 in the city of Surabaya, there substance of the education program
are approximately 2.610 tons of solid includes how to sort organic and non-
waste every day. organic waste, how to utilize waste by applying 3R
This horrible situation has convinced Surabaya principles of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
city, NGO, and community to start dealing with The program has built public awareness
solid waste more seriously and to find solution on the importance of community based solid
together. After identifying that the main source of waste management (through reduce,
solid waste in Surabaya came from the household, reuse, and recycle) and
19

20. Learning
encouraged their participation in the process. This to win these 2 competitions in the same year, Kota
program has also built network and partnership with Government will provide incentive as a reward in
relevant stakeholders for a more collaborative action. maintaining clean environment.
This small action has gained popularity among In 2007, there is 18,6% decrement of solid waste
Surabaya people. to be transporter to the final disposal site compare to
In general, the program consists of various the previous year prior to Green and Clean initiative.
activities and initiatives in solid waste management Solid waste has been reduced into 1.480 tons.
such as Solid Waste Management and Education, Green and Clean has inspired people to take part in
Green and Clean Competition, Cleanest Kecamatan conserving environment and managing solid waste
Competition, Zero Waste Competition and independently. This has made Surabaya City into a
Initiation of Independent Solid Waste Management. better city to live in. Several remarkable results of
In 2005, in order to motivate people and to this program are:
attract broader participants, Surabaya City – • Awareness of Surabaya’s people on the
supported by several partners has seriously worked importance of solid waste management has
on the competition in introducing the concept of resulted in 6.500 environmental cadres whose
reward and punishment and in managing their task is to inform people in their neighborhood on
surrounding environment. how to manage their waste;
Green and Clean was • In Surabaya, there
at first carried out at the are 750 environmental
level of environmental groups that have applied
groups. The main criteria is independent community
environmental cleanliness based solid waste
(including mosquito larvae management – by making
in houses). In 2006, due to compost, and also use it
the increasing awareness of as fertilizer for their own
solid waste management, environment;
the criteria is broaden to • Plenty of tress and
include waste management other plants have been
and recycle initiative. HARSYA PAMBUDI planted in the housing
There are several categories in the Green and areas, some of which became famous such as
Clean competition: 1. Solid Waste Management Orchard Kampong, Adenium Kampong, Aloe
(solid waste sorting to compost treatment/making, Vera Kampong, etc;
solid waste management facilities, and solid waste • In general, green space in Surabaya has increased
system monitoring), 2. Solid Waste Recycle (creativ- from 269,29 hectare in 2006 to 274,44 hectare
ity, art value, and economic value), 3. Cleanliness in 2007;
(of streets and environments, condition of waste • There are at least 15 small-medium scale
disposal site and drainage), 4. Reforestation (biodi- companies for recycle products (umbrella, bags,
versity, the use of compost in forestation process), 5. wallet, and lamp shade) under the support of
Condition of toilet/bathroom that includes cleanli- UNILEVER CARE. Therefore, the people can
ness, whether mosquito larvae can be found or not, benefit from the sales of non-organic waste and
to public knowledge in preventing dengue fever. thus created new work field;
‘Waste Free’ program is almost similar with • Strengthening social capital due to active
‘Green and Clean’ competition. Green and Clean participation of the people – including women
Award will be awarded on May (anniversary of and elderly – in this program;
Surabaya City) while “Waste Free’ Award will be • The program has said to inspire and has been
awarded on August during Independence replicated in other big cities such as Jakarta and
Day. If an area manages Yogyakarta;
20

21. Edisi IV, 2010
• Surabaya City has started to be a better place to Bubutan kecamatan (Tembok Dhuwur area) Surabaya.
live (greener, cleaner and healthier). Before, this kampong is known to be ‘black’ area.
Surabaya City has also awarded as recognition Surabaya people even call it bromo corah kampong
on the effort. Some of the awards are Energy Globe (where criminal lives); from gambling (pigeon
Award (EGA) from Austria (2005) for the category race), drunk, to people with high criminal record.
of Water and Environment, Green Apple & Green In 2005, change occurred when community leader
Organization from London (2007) and United Muhammad Sugiarto is elected to be Head of Rukun
Nation Economic and Social Commission for Asia Tetangga (neighborhood).
Pacific (UNESCAP) Award (2007) for the category Prior to his election, he asked for people’s
of City Quality Improvement. agreement to conduct change and this request has
acquire positive respond from all residents. Even
Orchid Kampong (Kampung Anggrek) – after serving as Head of RT, the man who is better
Cleanest and Greenest Kampong known as Abah Giarto made an innovation by
Pesona Anggrek Kampong, Jl. Kertajaya IV-C, asking everyone to sign some sort of agreement
RT 07 RW XIII, Kertajaya Kelurahan, Gubeng for certain matters, such as no clothes wringing
Kecamatan, is the winner of Surabaya’s Green and improperly thus creating slum image, unless
Clean Competition in 2006. Based on the very long guest, there is no parking in front of the house
list of criteria, all judges have finally agreed to choose thus obstructing other street’s user, and obligating
this kampong that was full of orchids, as the cleanest resident to sort their waste. Interestingly, there are
kampong. Thus, this kampong has the right to certain days to sun-dried their mattress together.
receive gratification money of 25 million IDR. That was not all; Margorukun kampong also
One unique thing of this kampong is orchid enforced greenery in every house and independently
in every single house. This was possible due to builds Waste Water Treatment Installation (IPAL).
solidarity and consistency of its residents. This can This IPAL is eventually reused by the people to
also be seen in people’s behavior in solving solid water their plants of which have made the kampong
waste problems. The people managed their solid green. Thanks to persistent and consistent effort of
waste well and they have composter to treat organic Margorukun people, Margorukun kampong has
waste into compost. become a very comfortable place to live in. Beside
clean, this kampong has also succeeded in moving
Margorukun Kampong its residents to build social capital in preserving their
Gg. VI – Kampong with MoU environment. (David, from various sources)
This kampong is located in Gundhi kelurahan,
PUTU MAHENDRA
21

22. Testimony
Interview with Pekalongan Mayor dr. M. Basyir Ahmad
House is
a Human Right
P
ekalongan is not only known as Batik City, but That’s why I made a step. Where is actually the tip that
also as Slum Area-Free City. How is that possible? makes government succeed? The tip is actually person per
To answer this, Percik had the opportunity to person. When the people are good, the government will
interview dr. M. Basyir Ahmad (Pekalongan Mayor) at his automatically be good. The smallest organization in the
house. The interview is summarized below. community is family. I push families to be good. When
Pekalongan City has won many awards. What is the the families are good, RT will be good. When RT is good,
secret? RW will be good, etc. until finally the city will also be
My first secret is intention. When campaigning for good. In order to perform this step, I must strengthened
Mayor, what was the intention? Inna ma amalu bin niyat existing institution in kelurahan. It is difficult to
(all depends on the intention). I’m intent to benefit as coordinate a city, thus we start from the bottom. We
many people as possible. That was my first intention. coordinate kelurahan with its Lurah, PKK, LPM, BKM-as
Afterward, we certainly know how the government goes? product of PNPM, and Karang Taruna. This is the pillar
First, how to increase human resources index. This is that finally turned into Working Group. There is Housing
regarding welfare. Second, we talk about fairness, how and Environment Working Group. Coordinators of
people are treated equally. Whether they are poor or LPM, BKM, in the city level are also involved, also
rich, in order to get something, they must be treated Health Agency, PU, BPN. Further commitment and high
equally. The next step is always community based. Those willingness will open up opportunities.
are the main philosophy. Then, in order for the people
to be good, they must be empowered, coordinated, and How did you gain support from the people?
accompanied by. This is the brief look; this is the line of First is trust. When the people trust us, they will be
thought. easy to talk to. From the beginning, I tried to make my
Then there is another matter, according to the program get in touch with the people and I always tried
officials, regions must be made autonomic. There is no to talk to people. Every Monday and Thursday I do radio
way for a country as big as Indonesia to be centralistic. interview. The program is titled Mayor Answers and
The authority obviously should be given to the region. everyone easily meet me in my office. I communicate,
Well, I also gave my authority to my subordinate. For thus they can talk about something and we can give
example, for permitting matters, I don’t need to sign them something. With communication eventually people
anything, because my subordinate can do that. Thus, will know that I am not a difficult person. And also,
I’m sharing my authority. We build good institution, we communication must be done in groups, not with every
find good partner and we provide the fund. With the single person, it is not possible. I communicate with
three elements, program orientation is no longer project. the groups that were established by the people, not by
Project will not last, but program continue to sustain. myself, such as LPM, Art Board, Worker Union, etc. they
When this is done, everyone is asked to work, and will decides. I will not touch or interfere, let it come from
work, the result will be maximum. It’s impossible for us the bottom. If something happens, nobody can say that I
to work alone. When we autonomic, by involving the engineered or made it difficult.
people that we led, everything will run.
Last, there’s this thing called Is housing development apart from sanitation
coordination. Coordination development?
is easier said than done. At first, housing and environment are not included
22

23. Edisi IV, 2010
in sanitation. We were guided to establish Sanitation funding source?
Working Group in order to make the White Book and I designed one program called acceleration program.
City Sanitation System (SSK). We didn’t know where At the time, it was only Mayor Decree then it become
it will led. Because from housing and environmental Pekalongan Local Regulation (Perda) No 11 Year 2008.
point of view, I was thinking, no slum areas. No slum The Perda has 5 points. Acceleration for poor families to
could mean no water puddle, drainage is available, then receive education as high as possible, to obtain the best
forestation is also available; that was my line of thought. health service, to work, acceleration of environmental
After we understand about sanitation, we were surprised and poor families’ housing improvement to prevent slum,
because it must be sustainable and integrated, not too and acceleration of institution strengthening. Because it is
many teams. So, there will be Housing and Sanitation already Perda, the Local Council (DPRD) must provide
Working Group. the budget. I have made budget plot that was managed
by and from the people. The initial value was 2,5%. Why
Why only focusing on the slum area, whereas there are 2,5%, because I thought of it as alms. APBD must be
more aspects to the city than slum? made alms. The purpose of alms is to take care of the
We touched every aspects, slum is only one of them. poor people, managed by them. But after that, I told
I’ve counted number of household in Pekalongan. There them that 2,5% is not enough. Where is the infaq shod-
are 67.000 households. Then we sort it, how many have aqoh (charity), thus I made it 5%. Currently is still 4%.
a house and how many without a house. It turned out
that there are 6.000 households without house. Now, Which city inspires you in eradicating the slum?
for those who already have a house, which one is livable, My inspiration was the Public Housing Minister.
which one is not, which is slum, which one is not. The When elected to be Pekalongan Mayor, I have problem
result surprised me. 5.068 houses are unlivable with no of slum. Then I met Pak Yusuf Asy’ari. In his office he
toilet, no water supply, not even plaster. No ventilation, said: “Pak Basyir, can you free your city from slum?” He
no partition between father and children. Try to imagine then provides depiction. The apostle said Baiti Janati –
a house without partition between father and children. My house, My heaven. Slum house will not be heaven,
Then I was thinking, house is a human right. It is a either physically or spiritually. Then I said, “OK, I will do
serious matter in UUD 1945, then I made a commitment it”. So, I wasn’t triggered by a place but by Public House
that during my official period, I must finish 5.068 houses. Minister.
It turned out to be completed in 3 years using the above In dealing with slum, are there any unsolved matters?
methods. Involve the people, establish group, decide What were the challenges?
which one is slum, and then those who help, we give Yes, there is. Actually, of all achievements, there are
fund, while we too seek for funds. 2.000 unmanaged houses, when we suddenly got ROB
(high tide). So in the North, houses that have been fixed
What should be fixed first in handling the slum, the are back to slum again. I have a target of fixing approxi-
people or the physical condition? mately 6 million IDR. We will provide the 2 million,
In my opinion, the physic should be fixed first. I loan the 2 million and the other 2 million must be from
feel that if a house is not livable, people will not live them. So, we will not fix everything, because then, they
in the house. The children will all run to the street. will not have sense of ownership. There are 270 slum
When they already run, they will be educated on the communities. By the end of last year, 150 of it were able
street. Simultaneously, I made a program where every to be managed. This year I will try to manage up to 200
Elementary School must have TPQ, all using the model communities, thus only 80 or 90 that are left. We will
of Islam education. What kind of Islam education model? finish this in 2 years, 2011 and 2012 because slum areas
We want every Moslem to commit, must pray, must use are harder to deal with than housing. My challenge is
Moslem clothes. We taught them this since early start, only one, I have just begin to understand sanitation prob-
and on certain hour we teach them to read and write lem. We want to make the house to be efficient, or maybe
Quran, because every Moslem must be able to read and building the house with proper, but communal septic
write Quran, thus we can pray. Pray is Innas salata tanha tank. The most ideal will be when water supply is entirely
anil fahsha wal munakar, keeping wickedness away. I’m served by PDAM. No better in Pekalongan. I have a
hoping they will stay at home, educated at home. The dream that in 10-15 years, Pekalongan will not use
method is simultaneous like that. well anymore. Even when the sanitation is not
proper yet, at least water sup-
To eradicate slum is not cheap, where did you find the ply is available. (DVD)
23

24. Different
Side ISTIMEWA
1,2 Billion
of World Population are Living in Unsuitable Shelter
S
helter is still a problem, faced not only by movement from rural to urban areas, but also means
Indonesia, but also the world. Unsuitable higher water supply requirement.
shelter leads to unsuitable housing, especially Furthermore, changes due to the development
in the city; thus making city housing/ have altered village’s status into city. Other than high
settlement a worrisome issue. It is clear that urbanization rate, we are also facing high population
development of an area was not in accordance with growth. Therefore, mature planning is required in
proper housing quality. Hence, plenty of people cannot developing an area so that everyone may have access
afford proper housing yet. According to UN Habitat, to healthy and proper Water Supply and Environmental
currently in the world, there are at least 1,2 billion people Sanitation.
living in unsuitable areas, whereas in major cities of The core of housing development according to the
Indonesia, approximately 12,5 million people are living Law mandate is to build an area accordingly with Law No
in slum areas with the total area of 57.000 hectare and 8 26 Year 2007 on Spatial. Every region must have a spatial
million people are without proper housing. plan (RTRW) which was made accordingly with natural
This has clearly showed that Indonesia is one of condition of the region. However, most people and local
the countries that must deal with problems of physical governments have not applied their RTRW with proper
and infrastructure sectors of settlement, namely discipline and have not revised their RTRW.
high urbanization, poor quality of settlements, and Anna Tibaijuka as the Executive Director of UN Habitat
large number of cities without sanitation, and water has stated that in the past 10 years, numbers of people
infrastructures. At the moment, only approximately 49% who are living in slum areas have increased from 780
of the population is without water supply. The high million to 820 million. Thus, the last data of UN Habitat
number of urbanization does not in year 2010 has stated that there are 1,2 billion of world
only mean population population are living in a very unsuitable environment.
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25. Edisi IV, 2010
For that reason, UN Habitat has established two Challenges that must be faced by cities in the world in
programs. One is World Urban Campaign Program, which the future due to rapid growth of urbanization, especially
is cooperation program between UN Habitat and public in the last few decades include reducing poverty thread,
and private sectors, as well as civil community to raise the improving access to public basic facilities (water supply,
issue of sustainable urbanization into governance agenda settlement, sanitation, friendly environment), and
all around the world. Two is cooperation with the Coca sustainable city growth.
Cola Company in providing 1 million USD for pure water In Indonesia, according to Public House Minister
development in Asia, Africa, and Latin America areas. The (Menpera) Suharso Monoarfa, who is also the Head
purpose of this program is to preserve water resources of APMCHUD, since 2007, approximately 50% of the
and assisting water use efficiency as well as recycle population lives in the city. Moreover, 58,6% of the total
process of turning waste water into water supply which population lives in Java Island which area only represent
was expected to be completed in the next 2 years. 7% of the total area in Indonesia, 17% housings in natural
Rapid urbanization due to population explosion and disaster vulnerable areas, and poverty rate that has
uneven distribution of population has become crucial reached 14,15% or approximately 32,53 million people
issues that attracted attention of the world. According have made APMCHUD an important forum to share
to UN’s estimation, in the next 50 years, 2/3 of world experience and information with member countries of
population will be living in the cities. Urbanization APMCHUD while seeking for the best solution.
increment has caused a domino effect that will eventually In cities of the developing countries, the problem is
caused big detriment for people and environment. a lot more complicated, due to faster population growth
Population explosion and uneven distribution of the compare to developed countries. Formal settlement
population are also factors of imbalance between urban provision capacity such as real estate, and housing from
and rural areas which in turn, increase urbanization rate. the government or private is very limited and has only
The rapid urbanization growth in the urban areas has touched middle to upper class of the society. Meanwhile,
caused many problems, one of which, slum areas in the low income communities have not been touched and
city. left to find their own solution. The consequence is rapid
Therefore, the world has become more concern in growth of informal settlements which in Indonesia is
the management of urban and housing development, better known as kampong, with typical characteristics
and this was marked by three series of important events, of dense, slum, squalid, not following official rules, and
such as World Urban Forum 5 (WUF), World Shanghai majority of the residents are poor.
Expo 2010, and 3rd Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference
on Housing and Urban Development (APMCHUD). Source: UN Habitat and Kemenpera.go.id
ISTIMEWA
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26. Wacana
Issue of Right to
Water and Housing (Second Paper – Finished)
Dr Cekli Setya Pratiwi, SH.,LL.M. holder. Moreover, in providing raw water, private
companies will not invest in low income areas and
P
roviding opportunity for private companies topographically difficult areas because these, will
in raw water provision for the people will present difficulty in returning their investment. This
clearly eliminates the country’s power over is the reason of why raw ware provision in remote
water resources. As profit-oriented institution, areas has been neglected. Looking at stipulation
private companies will only invest when guarantee in Section 33 of UUD 1945 which not so clearly
of investment rate of return is present. Thus, guaranteeing the people’s right to water has opened
companies require guarantee, either on political risk up opportunities for derivative law products to be
or performance risk, the guarantee issue is being further away from guaranteeing citizen’s right to
charged to people through compensation payment water as proven in Law No 7 Year 2004. Meanwhile,
from government and tariff adjustment. Tariff in the context of local autonomy, instead of
adjustment was completed by applying full cost formulating local regulation that protected the
recovery, to ensure steady rate of people’s right to water, many regulations have turned
return for contract out to only added more burden for the people
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