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Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Information Media for Water Supply and       From Editor                                                                      1
            Environmental Sanitation              Your Voice                                                                       2
                  Advisor:                        Main Report
       Director General for Urban and               Muddle within Bantar Gebang TPA Unearthed                                      3
  Rural Development, Ministry of Settlement         Flood Swept Across Indonesia                                                   4
         and Regional Infrastructure                Questioning Government's Responsibility                                        5
                Board of Head:                      The community is in short of clean water                                       6
 Director of Human Settlement and Housing,          Looking for Alternative Water Source                                           7
   National Development Planning Agency             Refillable Bottled Water under Spotlight                                       8
             Republic of Indonesia                  Even Ditch and Wallowing Pond Are Sources for Consumption Water                9
       Director of Water and Sanitation,            Flares at TSPT Bojong                                                         10
               Ministry of Health                   An Egg About To Hatch                                                         11
 Director of Urban and Rural Eastern Region,        2004, the Year of Implementation of National Policy for the Development
     Ministry of Settlement and Regional            of Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation                  13
                 Infrastructure
                                                    Glimpses of WASPOLA Activities 2004                                           15
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate
                                                    Water and Sanitation Program (ProAir)
 Technology, Director General on Village and
                                                    for Rural Population of Nusa Tenggara Timur                                   17
          Community Empowerment,
            Ministry of Home Affairs                WSLIC Phase 2                                                                 18
  Director for Facilitation of Special Planning     CWSH                                                                          18
          Environment Management,                 About WASPOLA
            Ministry of Home Affairs                The Implementation of National Policy for WSS Development in November 2004    19
                                                    Consigment of Formulation of National Policy for WSS Development              21
               Chief Editor:
              Oswar Mungkasa                        Workshop on the study of the Dissemination Implementation
                                                     of National Policy for WSS Development                                       21
             Board of Editor:
                                                    Workshop for Small Scale Water Provider                                       21
Hartoyo, Johan Susmono, Indar Parawansa,
                                                  About WSS
               Poedjastanto
                                                    Workshop of Community Water Supply and Health (CWSH) Project                  22
                   Editor:                          Formulation of Draft of Government Regulation on Drinking Water
    Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana,            Supply and Sanitation Development                                             22
     Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono,
                                                    Dissemination of the National Policy for the Development of
            Essy Asiah, Mujiyanto
                                                    Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation                     23
                  Design:                           Pesentation of Winner Candidates for Scientific Article Writing Competition   23
                Rudi Kosasih                        Consolidation Workshop WSLIC-2 Project Management Report                      24
                 Production:                        Official Dedication of WSLIC-2 Project in Kabupaten Lumajang                  24
                  Machrudin                       Reportage
                                                    When Dolbun is Embarrased                                                     25
                Distribution:
                Anggie Rifki                      Interview
                                                    Infrastructure as Nation's Unifier                                            29
                   Address:
                                                  Article
  Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat
                                                    Human Quality and Sanitation Infrastructure Development in Indonesia          31
         Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113
                                                    RT/RW Institution as Coordinator in Community Based Water Supply
      e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com
              redaksi@ampl.or.id                    and Environmental Sanitation Management                                       34
            oswar@bappenas.go.id                    Strategy for Community Awareness Improvement                                  38
                                                    Once Again About Privatization                                                42
                                                  Data
      Unsolicited article or opinion items
                                                    Basic Sanitation Coverage Rating by Kabupaten/Kota in 2002                    47
  are welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and accom-    Book Info                                                                       49
              panied by identity.                 Website Info                                                                    50
                                                  WSS Bibliography                                                                51
             Cover by Rudi Kosasih                Agenda                                                                          52
F ROM EDITOR

T
          ime has flown without we being
          aware of. Now we have come to
                                                                                                              SOURCE:FANY WEDAHUDITAMA
          the very end of 2004. Not a beau-
tiful present is what we get this end of
year. A superlative degree of disaster,
instead. More than a hundred thousand
of our brothers and sisters in Aceh and
North Sumatra were victims of nature's
mighty force, earthquakes and the fol-
lowing tidal waves. Is that God's dis-
pleasure or His demonstration? Only God
knows best. What is certain is, this disas-
ter should make us aware about the reali-
ty of life is that as Servant of God we shall
never walk imperiously arrogant, do
behave humbly into God's mercy, instead.
Besides, this disaster should move us to
lend our hand, help our mireable bro-
thers and sisters. And let us pray that
such a disaster will never come again.
Amien. Acehnese Misery, Our Misery.                                                  WSS working group
    Dear Reader. As usual, many who use
the end of Gregorian calendar year as a
milestone where annual report and at the
same time evaluation of the progress
made within the year, is summarized into                                      Merry Christmas 2004
record. Was it a success, a half success, or
                                                                                      and
a failure.
    Percik of this edition comes in a
                                                                              Happy New Year 2005
slightly different format. We want to
invite the readers to look back into vari-
ous events that happened in this year in
relation to water supply and environmen-
tal sanitation in general, and the WSS          Development Policy. These two policies         Indonesia expects from organizing such
working group activity, in particular. We       are vital for WSS development because          an event.
hope some changes would happen in the           since the birth of this nation we have             What is different from the usual is the
next year. Of course a change towards           never had a national policy for this sector.   reportase. In the present edition the
improvement. Prevent it, anything that          We also want to see the glimpses of WSS        column is filled with report from field
happened last year is repeated this year.       projects such as ProAir, WSLIC-2, and          visit to Bangladesh and India. The la-
If things like this happen then we belong       CWSH have been doing.                          nguage style is different from the usual,
to the disgraced.                                   Not to be forgotten, Percik made an        including its length. We hope that by
    Dear readers, the portrait of events of     interview with Suyono Dikun, Deputy for        reading the reportase the readers would
the year are specially presented in the         Infrastructure, Bappenas on Infrastruc-        go together and feel the heartbeat of the
main feature. The title is WSS Kalei-           ture of Indonesia. As we know, WSS             journey.
doscope 2004. Beside that we want to            development has some linkage with the              We also present to you the result of
present to you how far has the National         existing infrastructure condition. More        the acticle writing competition. Beside
Policy for Community Based WSS                  than that, in January 2005 we are going        the winner, other articles worthy of pre-
Development been moving and what is             to organize an event called Infrastructure     sentation and useful for the readers will
the progress in Institutionally Based           Summit. Of course we want to know what         also be presented in the next editions.




                                                                                                             Percik 1
                                                                                                           December 2004
Y OUR VOICE
     Percik Must Continue                          concept and the complete address of Mr.            Percik Editor wishes to thank those
                                                   Kamal Kar.                                     who have sent a letter to us. Among
                                                                     Dr. Hj. Gema Asiani, M.Kes
     We fully agree and support the contents                     Kasubdin Penyehatan Lingkungan
                                                                                                  others: Bappeda Kabupaten Ba-
 of Percik magazine, especially as they relate                                  Kota Palembang    tanghari, Planology Division Univ.
 to the knowledge and various technologies             CLTS concept has been applied in se-       Trisakti, Mayor of Metro, Regional and
 and policies in water supply and enviro-          veral countries including Bangladesh           City Planning Division Fac. of Technics
 mental sanitation sector. Percik is a useful      and India. We have copies of a book that       UNDIP, DPRD Nusa Tenggara Timur,
 reference for procurement, development,           explains the concept in detail. We will        Information and Public Service Centre,
 and management of WSS facility and infra-         send you a copy of the book as soon as we      Dept. Fishery and Maritime Resources
 structure of Kab. Malang that always              can. As for Dr. Kamal Krishna Kar can          Development, Planology Division Univ.
 demands our serious attention.                    be reached through the following e-mail        Tarumanegara, Environmental Techno-
     The most important issues that demand         addresses: kkar@iastate.edu, kamal-            logy Division ITS, Regional Secretary,
 serious attention in Kab. Malang include          da@mailcity.com, kamalkar@vsnl.com,            Kab. Aceh Barat, DPRD Kab. Pasaman
 equitable water supply service between            kamalkar@yahoo.com                             Barat, DPRD Prov. Sumatra Selatan,
 towns and villages (many villages with
                                                                                                  and DPRD Kab. Aceh Utara
 inherent water problem), technological as             Service Coverage of
 well as managerial aspects in waste materi-              PDAM Palopo
 al handling, domestic wastewater treat-               We would congratulate for the publi-                      E R R ATA
 ment, and urban drainage canal, especially        cation of Percik Magazine as a means for               In Percik of June 2004 edition,
 with regard the responsibility in safeguard-      interaction and information networks            there was written "Sanitation is mo-
 ing the "national assets" such as Sutami and      among water supply and environmental            re importance than independence"
 Selorejo dams from solid and domestic             sanitation activists.                           should read "Sanitation is more
 wastewater from polluting the raw water               As an input we would add to your            important than independence".
 reservoirs.                                       information that as of 31 December the                 In Percik of October 2004 edi-
     Basically the Dinas Permukiman and            total active home connections of PDAM           tion, it was written "National Se-
 Pertamanan of Kabupaten Malang is look-           Palopo is 11.773 with an average size of        minar for Socialization of Law No.
 ing forward to more information from              family is 6 persons, the total population       8/2004" should read "National
 Percik. Next time we will try to send you our                                                     Seminar for Socialization of Law
                                                   with access to the service is 70.638.
 article about WSS condition and manage-                                                           No. 7/2004".
                                                   Services other than home connections
 ment here in Kab. Malang.                                                                                In Percik of October 2004 edi-
                                                   include 13 MCK, 13 public hydrants, 7
                                                                                                   tion, it was written "At this time the
                                                   public taps, and 5 water terminals each         formulation of the National Policy
                     Ir. Didik Budi Hartono, MT.   provide service to 50 persons on average.       for Institutionally Based Drinking
                         Chief, Dinas Perumahan,
                                                   From simple calculation the total home          Water Service Development which
                     Kebersihan and Pertamanan
                                Kabupaten Malang   connection and non home connection              serves as an umbrella policy for
                                                   service covers 72.588 persons.                  PDAM management is in its final
        More Information                               The total population of Palopo is           stage and is one part of the initial
                                                   106.813, the PDAM Palopo service cove-          100 day program of the Indonesia
          about CLTS                                                                               Bersatu Cabinet" should only read
     After reading Percik of October edi-          rage as of 31 December 2004 is 67,96 per-
                                                   cent or rounded up to 68 percent.               "At this time the formulation of the
 tion on page 40 on the concept Commu-                                                             National Policy for Institutionally
 nity Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) we have              We would like to inform you further
                                                                                                   Based Drinking Water Service
 a feeling that it has something valuable          that pursuant to Law No 11/2002 on the
                                                                                                   Development which serves as an
 and useful for Sub-dinas Community                formation of Kabupaten Mamasa and
                                                                                                   umbrella policy for PDAM manage-
 Health of the Dinas Kesehatan City of             Kota Palopo, PDAM Kabupaten Luwu                ment is in its final stage". Omit "and
 Palembang in its effort to support                which is located within Kota Palopo has         is one part of the initial 100 day pro-
 Indonesia Sehat 2010. We would appre-             been transfered to PDAM Kota Palopo.            gram of the Indonesia Bersatu
 ciate it if you could advise us where we                                                          Cabinet".
                                                                Drs. H. Andi Nurlan Basalan, MM
 could obtain more information about the                               CEO of PDAM Kota Palopo




       2          Percik
                  December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                             Kaleidoscope

                                                            January

 Muddle within Bantar Gebang TPA Unearthed
                                                                                                                    SOURCE: MERCYCORPS.OR.ID




 E
          arly 2004 it was the beginning of
          the problems connected to TPA
          (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir,
 terminal disposal site) of Bantar Gebang
 came to light. The city government of
 Jakarta that has been managing the 100
 ha disposal site since 1999, now has to
 relinquish the facility back to the city go-
 vernment of Bekasi. This is because the
 deputy mayor of Bekasi, upon completion
 of the contract at the end of December
 2003, unilaterally asked the city of Ja-
 karta pay a fee of Rp 85.000 per ton of
 solid waste material dumped into the site.
 This is unacceptable to Jakarta because in
 previous memorandum between the two
 governments states the fee is only Rp
 50.000 per ton.
     In addition, the inhabitants of three
 villages, i.e. Sumur Batu, Cikiwul and         such as Cilincing. As for the citizens of        The increase poses heavy burden to
 Ciketing demand a compensation for the         Bekasi, they want to see the "war" bet-      most PAM customers. They see that the
 unpleasantness caused by a disposal site       ween both governments end peacefully         service up to now is short of their expec-
 in their neighbourhood. This demand is         and they demand the problem of polluti-      tation. Such as, smelly water, very small
 of course causing a headache to the go-        on be solved in the best possible manner.    flow, irregular service. Some consider
 vernment of Bekasi and to Jakarta at the           Peace did come. The mayor of Bekasi      this calculation is not transparent, illogi-
 same time. The population blocked the          welcomes City government of Jakarta          cal since it is intended to cover financial
 road leading to the site. Consequently no      resume operation in Bantar Gebang. The       loss. But, once again, no one can ever
 garbage truck dares to go near the site.       mayor's policy is in contradiction with      stop an increase…. (MJ)
 The people will reopen the road only if        that of his deputy. And the mayor's inten-
                                                                                                         WSS News Index
 they are paid the compensation. There is       tion will not proceed smoothly, either.
 no way for Bekasi city government but to       Because now comes DPRD's turn to speak           Cisadane river is polluted, PDAM
 agree. The city government promised a          up. They said that the policy of the city        Tangerang may cease to operate
 compensation of Rp 50.000 per month to         government of Bekasi has been deviating          (16/1)
 each of the 12.000 families living in the      after the termination of contract between        Jakarta inhabitants want more
                                                                                                 water hydrants (27/1)
 neighbourhood. It was proven right. But,       Bekasi and Jakarta. Finally, months have         BPPT and Pusri will develop a
 unfortunately, it was only once. And, the      passed and this TPA's problem does not           waste material processor in Jakarta
 blocking resumed and demanded that             see any way out.                                 (13/1)
 payment be made as promised.                                                                    Tangerang is considering an elec-
     The crisis obviously causes difficulty          Beside waste material problem, Ja-          tric generator from waste material
                                                                                                 (24/1)
 to city government of Jakarta. While TPA       karta population is surprised with the
                                                                                                 Jakarta is in first degree alert (6/1)
 Bantar Gebang is closed, Jakarta does not      increase of water supply tariff by 30%           Minister of Public Works: Jakarta
 have yet any replacement. It is not sur-       effective from 1 January 2004. The               Should Develop an Early Flood
 prising, as the TPA is closed for a single     increase is intended to cover the Rp 900         Warning System (2/1)
 day, mountains of waste material are seen      billion defisit of PAM Jaya partner and          A Reservoir in Gadog is to prevent
 everywhere. The scavengers in the TPA          PAM Jaya's obligation to pay back the Rp         against flood for Jakarta (3/1)
                                                                                                 Ciliwung overflows, Jakarta is
 were complaining about their livelihood.       1,7 trillion loan to the central govern-
                                                                                                 flooded (20/1).
 Some of them moved to another ground           ment.




                                                                                                           Percik 3
                                                                                                         December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                            Kaleidoscope

                                               February-March-April


              Flood Swept Across Indonesia
 I
        n February 2004, the Agency for        water. In Kabupaten Manggarai (NTT),          Ngembar, Kecamatan Jambu. The for-
        Meteorology and Geophysics (AMG)       death toll consisted of 3 and six others      mat of the cooperation is STU develop
        reminded the Indonesia community       were lost. Flood also occurred at Dong-       and take over PDAM asset for the period
 about the forthcoming of tropical storm       gala, Central Sulawesi, causing two per-      of 27 years. Upon completion all the asset
 level III which was developing over the       sons lost their lives. Sumatra and Sula-      goes back to PDAM Ungaran. The new
 sea south of Java. The storm would cause      wesi did not miss the flood.                  investment amounts to Rp 29,244 billion
 heavy widespread downpour all over the            The government is considered too          consisting of Rp 23,4 billion for deve-
 country. At that time AMG estimated           weak in dealing with flood. This is evi-      loping a drinking water installation and
 that February would be the peak rainfall.     denced from flood keeps coming every          the rest to construct instalation at the
      It was a good estimation. Flood swept    year. Preventive measures were almost         water source.
 almost all regions in Indonesia beginning     unheard of, and post flood operation
 from February and went on through             seems quite slow. Whereas, many have
                                                                                                        WSS News Index
 March. Flash flood hit Java. More than        supplied input and suggestion about the
 just infrastructure damages, flood in East    government should do in dealing with
                                                                                                 Scavengers' Smile at TPA Bantar
 Java took the lives of 3 people and ano-      flood.                                            Gebang (2/2)
 ther one missing. This flood hit seven                                                          TPA Cipayung becomes a pilot TPA
 regions of East Java. Muddy water ran              In the midst of overflowing flood            for Jabotabek area (3/2)
 across the southern part of Kabupaten         water, the city governments of Batu and           TPA causes pollution to fish pond
 Mojokerto. Up to 1-1,5 m deep. This mud       Malang are in shortage of clean water.            (9/2)
 flood is the first in 100 years. The total    Both city governments have to hire scores         Transfer Station at Cilincing is pro-
 loss for East Java is estimated at Rp 300     of water trucks in order to overcome              ven to cause environmental pollu-
 billion.                                      water crisis, because their distribution          tion (10/2)
      In Central Java flood cut transport      are badly affected by the flood. In Batu,         BPPT Offers 5 Aspects for Solid
 connection between Semarang and               4.200 PAM customers have to buy water             Waste Handling (16/2)
 Purwodadi of Kabupaten Grobogan.              in jerry cans while in Malang 7.000 are           Up to Rp 5 million Fine for Lit-
                                                                                                 tering (26/2)
 Hundreds of houses in Kabupaten Gro-          without water supply.
                                                                                                 Banjir Kanal Barat optimalization
 bogan were under water causing a wave              In the meantime, effective from this
                                                                                                 projet is completed in April (18/2)
 of refugees.                                  month PDAM Tasikmalaya is increasing
                                                                                                 North coast road at Situbondo is
      In the northern coast West Java, flood   its tariff by 50%. The increase does not          covered with mud and rock (16/2)
 has cut the main transport link of the        only relate to basic tariff but also tariff       31 kelurahan (villages) of Yogya-
 island. The flood span between Pa-            classification to household that has              karta are sensitive to flood and
 manukan (Subang) on the western end to        changed function. The reason for in-              landslide (5/2)
 Krangkeng (Indramayu) in the east. In         crease, operational cost and the prices of        Raw Water Supply Drops by 62%
 Indramayu the total loss is estimated at      equipment and materials for PDAM                  (5/4)
 Rp.1,7 billion because 10.665 ha of rice      operation have increased. Instantly the           Polluted by Fuel Refilling Station,
 field may have to be replanted.               increase causes strong reaction from the          One Has Been Buying Mineral
      As usual, Jakarta is experiencing si-    legislative. They have objection with the         Water for 5 Years (13/4)
 milar fate. Hundreds from several loca-       increase, because in reality PDAM is still        West Java Government Hand Over
 tions had to look for temporary shelter.      making profit, though small.                      Water Supply Management and
                                                                                                 Asset to PDAM (11/4)
 Traffic jams in 29 points. Tangerang and           In Ungaran, the local PDAM can no
                                                                                                 Proposed Tegal PDAM tarif
 Bekasi were not too far different. The        longer bear the burdens of operational
                                                                                                 increase almost 100% (27/4)
 condition of these areas was almost iden-     costs and loan repayment. The company
                                                                                                 PAM water of West Bangka has
 tical with the prevalence of dengue fever.    is in arrears amounting to Rp 33,8 billion.       long been polluted (27/4)
      In Kabupaten Banjar, South Kali-         To overcome this PDAM Ungaran invites             Hundreds of Bojong population
 mantan, thousands of people had to take       the cooperation of PT Sara Tirta Ungaran          held demo to Police HQ (9/3).
 refugee because most of the area is under     (STU) to manage the water source at



      4          Percik
                 December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                                    Kaleidoscope

                                                                May

     Questioning Government's Responsibility

 F
          ollowing floods that swept                                                                        material consisting of plastic,
          many parts of Indonesia, the                                      SOURCE: DEPT. OF HEALTH         empty bottles, cans, and so on.
          community begins questioning                                                                      This condition causes a lot of nui-
 the government's performance in                                                                            sance to the neigbourhood. They
 dealing with this disaster. Generally                                                                      expect the city government would
 the people consider that the govern-                                                                       build a fence around the reservoir.
 ment is incapable of anticipating the
 occurrence of flood and the conse-                                                                              In the meantime, Bogor citi-
 quences it leaves behind. As a result,                                                                      zens are surprised with the in-
 human lives and property always fall                                                                        crease of PDAM Tirta Pakuan's
 victim, and the amount is never small.                                                                      150% tariff increase. The increase
      The regional government of Jakar-                                                                      is based on the increases of elec-
 ta, for example, is unable to cope with                                                                     tricity at 60%, fuel at 50% and
 this problem, and has asked the cen-                                                                        basic regional salary. The increase
 tral government to share the burden.                                                                        which is effective since June has
 This is because flood is not the pro-                                                                       invited objection from the con-
 blem of a single province but it entan-                                                                     sumers. They consider the in-
 gles across administrative borders.            may become a clean and hygienic city.                 crease is too high and incomparable with
      The bupati of Kabupaten Indramayu,            In Padang, the citizens regret the                the quality of PDAM service.
 Irianto Syafiudin, requests the provincial     environmental destruction that has taken                  But, hush…. people's voice is almost
 government's help to solve river siltation     place in the region. In areas where flood             always unheard. (MJ)
 problem in his region. Siltation rate in       was historically unknown, now are begin-
 Kab. Indramayu is the highest in West          ning to experience the disaster. The citi-                       WSS News Index
 Java because this region is the down-          zens consider the city government lacks
                                                                                                          Bekasi City government breaks promi-
 stream area of rivers carrying mud from        of care and interest to subject related to
                                                                                                          se, Bantar Gebang population closes
 Tasikmalaya, Garut, Sumedang, Subang,          flood and environmental conservation as                   TPA (6/5)
 Majalengka and Kuningan areas.                 well as spatial planning.                                 Waste Material of TPA Leuwigajah for
      In Bekasi, the population of Babelan          The Minster of Environment, Nabiel                    electricity (8/5)
 requests the government to as soon as          Makarim, stated that there are nine out of                Container in place of informal transfer
 possible normalize Kali Balisasak. The         198 lakes (natural and man-made) in the                   station (10/5)
                                                                                                          Because of Waste material teachers
 river has undergone advanced siltation         area of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang
                                                                                                          threaten to strike from teaching (31/5)
 and aquatic vegetation cover and as such       and Bekasi have been converted to other                   Many have to drink water not worthy
 it cannot function as normal waterway          function and must be reverted to their                    for consumption (14/5)
 during peak flow.                              previous condition. According to him, re-                 PDAM Bogor raises tariff up to 150%
      In the city of Bogor, many roads turn     version of the lakes in this region is an                 (21/5)
                                                                                                          Big annual decrease is dicharge rate in
 bad easily because of poor drainage sys-       effort to control flood especially in the
                                                                                                          NTB (26/5)
 tem.                                           resorption and water pocket areas. In                     Seminar of "Water Culture" (19/5)
      Therefore, several parties suggest that   addition, he feels a deep apprehension                    And water pipe is hung on the tree
 the roads of the city should not be paved      with the damages made to 134 lakes                        (13/5)
 with asphalt, but with concrete bloc           (68%). Only 42 (20%) of the lakes are                     Need a regulation on relocation of
 instead. Additionally, the community re-       considerd accepteble and 2 lakes have                     water use (14/5)
                                                                                                          Central Government is asked to help
 quests that the drainage is re-arranged        totally disappeared.
                                                                                                          overcoming flood problem (8/5)
 properly considering Bogor is a rainy city.        What was stated by Nabiel is right.                   Water discharge of Citanduy river
 Further the community requests re-             The function of Rawa Badung reservoir in                  drops drastically (8/5)
 arrangement of waste material and street       Jatinegara, East Jakarta is to hold water,                The rivers of Jakarta serve as the
 vendor management. The population ex-          but at the same time it is also a garbage                 longest toilet in the world (5/5).
 pects that this tourist destination city       holder. Floating on surface is waste




                                                                                                                    Percik 5
                                                                                                                 December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                               Kaleidoscope

                                                          June-July

    The community is in short of clean water

 A
          fter flood swept a number of                            ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH   because of the minimum water resorption
          regions, Indonesia is now facing                                                       areas. And ground water condition of the
          another "law of nature" as a con-                                                      remaining areas is very poor. An obser-
 sequence of environmental degradation:                                                          vation made to water taken from the wells



                                                                          DROUGHT
 drought. This condition does not only                                                           of the community of 5 districts of Jakarta
 affect the people as individuals but also                                                       indicates that 90% of the samples have
 the clean water provider, PDAM. The re-                                                         been contaminated with coli bacteria
 gional public utility company is com-                                                           from human waste. If this condition pre-
 plaining about the difficulty in getting                                                        vails, according to Japan Indonesia
 raw water.                                                                                      Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2010
     The rivers of West Kalimantan drasti-                                                       Jakarta will face a serious water short-
 cally drop their water level. Water depth                                                       age.
 that was normally 3 metres now sinks to
 only one meter. In many parts of the
 rivers the people can freely wade across                                                                    WSS News Index
 the banks. It is obvious that such a con-     regional government distributes clean
                                                                                                      PDAM Indramayu increases tariff by
 dition is detrimental to raw water supply     water to the population with the priority
                                                                                                      66% (30/1)
 for several PDAMs such as the ones in         given to the poor. Because of prolonged
                                                                                                      Waste materials heavily pollutes Siak
 Sanggau, Landak and Pontianak. The lo-        dry season eleven kecamatan of this                    river, PDAM is suggested not to con-
 cal population has to buy drinking water      kabupaten are suffering from water                     tinue processing raw water (3/7)
 at Rp 70.000 per tank containing 4.000        scarcity. In Kulonprogo, 8 from 12 keca-               The population of 16 villages in Demak
 litres. Other people have to pay retail       matan are in shortage of water. Even in                is in short of clean water (8/7)
 price at Rp 1.000 per gallon (4 litres).      four of them they have no clean water at               Regarded as legally defective, 16 NGOs
 Worst of all, the poor who cannot afford      all for almost two months.                             file suit against Law on Water Resour-
 to buy water, have to go to the river to           Sutrisno, head of Pemali Jatrun wa-               ces to Constitution Court (14/7)
 take water, let it settle overnight and use   tershed management, in Central Java,                   Salt water intrusion has reached mid-
 it the next morning. Some even have to        said that approximately 430.000 ha of fo-              town area (20/7)
 use it directly.                              rest lands in 16 kabupatens are in critical            Blue Oasis City is built on a water re-
                                                                                                      sorption area (28/7)
     In Banjarmasin, the local PDAM also       condition and must be seriously taken
                                                                                                      Judicial Review of Law on Water Reso-
 experience a supply shortage. One of its      care of otherwise they may cause disas-
                                                                                                      urces is submitted to Constitution
 500 l/sec capacity raw water intakes can-     ters to the surrounding areas. Of the to-
                                                                                                      Court (29/7)
 not be used any more. Beside drought          tal, 238.000 ha are located outside of the
                                                                                                      Proportional Water Sharing to prevent
 problem, salt water intrusion has reached     forest areas.                                          Absolute Water Spring (22/7)
 above tolerance level. Water scarcity              In NTT, the local government has to               Extension of TPA Bantar Gebang
 brings detrimental effects to the popula-     discontinue water supply to the barracks               approved (10/6)
 tion. Diarrhea diseases are beginning to      of ex Timor Timur refugees. The reason                 Local population maintains rejection
 attack the people living near the river,      is because the local government is in                  against disposal site for Jakarta garba-
 especially the poor who are living in         short of fund to support the operation.                ge (23/7)
 thickly populated quarters.                   The ex refugees respond sharply. They                  Integrated Waste Disposal at Bojong is
     In Serang, approximately 10.000           say the government has treated them                    guaranteed environmentally safe
 PDAM customers are unable to enjoy            inhumanly because they have no more                    (29/7)
 clean water service. The director of local    drinking water in their camp.                          Number of Lakes in Bekasi decreases
                                                                                                      continuously (8/6)
 PDAM says that the main conveyance                 Beside in the regions, water crisis also
                                                                                                      Rp. 100 billion for BKT land procure-
 pipe in Tamansari, Baros is closed down       threatens Jakarta. And this is an inter-
                                                                                                      ment (24/6)
 by the local population because of a nag-     mittent annual disaster agenda for Ja-
                                                                                                      Mookervaart river, your story today
 ging problem of land compensation.            karta. The heavy rainfall cannot find
                                                                                                      (28/7).
     In Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, the          enough entry to underground aquifer



      6          Percik
                 December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                                      Kaleidoscope

                                                              August

    Looking for Alternative Water Source
 P
         rolonged drought that                                                                            review the design of Jatigede levee
                                                                        ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH
         spread across vast areas                                                                         and dam construction. Department of
         of Indonesia has com-                             Calm down.....                                 Regional Infrastructure and Setlle-
 pelled the government to look for                         we will provide                                ment Systems (Public Works) is going
 alternative water sources or ways                          Artesian well                                 to bring head of water level lower so
 how to maintain the existing                                                            Need             that the area of inundation will be
 reserves. The government, thro-                                                      INUL’s help?        reduced. This change means the vol-
 ugh the Minister of Research and                                                                         ume of the dam will be less and the
 Technology, Hatta Rajasa, is de-                                                                         service area will also be smaller.
 termined to look for alternative
 water sources for fulfilling clean                                                                            The seed of community threats to
 water requirement. One exam-                                                                              close down the Integrated Water
 ple is construction of undergo-                                                                           Treatment facility is growing. The
 und reservoir at Goa Bribin,                                                                              population from 6 villages of
 Gunung Kidul. Pumping up wa-                                                                              Kecamatan Kelapanunggal asks the
 ter from Goa Bribin can satisfy the need       equipment which costs Rp 350 million is                DPRD Bogor to cancel the Bupati Bogor
 for 175 thousand of Gunung Kidul popu-         capable of producing 170 gallons of drink-             letter of decision that grants permit for
 lation.                                        able water for every 8 hours of operation.             the construction of the facility. PT. Wira
     Exploitation underground water is          Water is sold at Rp 3.000 - 5.000 per gal-             Guna Sejahtera, the company to operate
 also done in Duwet hamlet of Suci village,     lon.                                                   the facility keeps convincing the people
 some 40 km south of Wonogiri, Central              In the meantime, to prevent river se-              that the solid waste treatment facility is
 Java. A deep well pump was sunk 160 m          dimentation, the Governor of Jakarta,                  environmentally safe. (MJ)
 below ground and water is pumped up to         pleads that the inhabitants of Jakarta not
 satisfy water requirement of 500 families      to throw any waste into the 13 rivers of                           WSS News Index
 in the village. With the well operating the    the city. Besides, the city government will
 villagers do not have to walk 7 km to keca-    move all the settlement houses built on                       Looking for Water Sources is
 matan capital to buy water, or to wait for     the riverbanks. The governor promises                         Continuing (3/8)
                                                                                                              Unable to Solve Consumers' com-
 water tank on the main road which is 1         the legal city inhabitant with Jakarta
                                                                                                              plain, Palyja may face sanction
 km from the village.                           identication a low priced living quarter in                   (3/8)
     The effort to look for new water           a flat. One of the rivers that shows                          Deep well overcomes scarcity of
 source is also done through competition.       improvement is kali Angke, but a home                         clean water (5/8)
 Arie Herlambang, a researcher from the         work still remains undone, i.e. changing                      Drought in 4 kabupaten of
 Agency for Technological Study and             the water colour from black into clear.                       Banyumas (10/8)
                                                                                                              Water Treatment of Peaty Soils
 Application, won Innovative Technology             While for flood protection, the go-                       Won Innovation Competition
 competition 2004. He was named the             vernment is determined to finalise con-                       (20/8)
 best out of seven finalists with an innova-    struction the Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT)                        Freedom Yes Freedom, But
 tion called "Technical Application for the     drainage system by 2007. A budget of                          Water Scarcity is Water Scarcity
 Treatment of Brackish Water of Peat Soils      almost Rp 2 trillion is allocated for the                     (23/8)
                                                                                                              Water Level in 3 lakes is receding,
 into Drinking Water." The inovation is         construction. The most difficult process
                                                                                                              Cirebon population is threatened
 not just theoretical, it has been success-     is land procurement because it involves                       with dryness (24/8)
 fully applied in a transmigration area of      relatively large pieces of land, about 263                    Three Primary Schools Which Are
 Central Kalimantan which is always in          ha in total, all belonging to the communi-                    Polluted With Garbage have Not
 shortage of clean water. Basically this        ty. With the functioning of BKT, it is                        been Moved (2/8)
                                                                                                              Govt. of Jakarta will proceed with
 equipment consists of a series of filtration   expected Jakarta will be more manage-
                                                                                                              Bojong garbage treatment facility
 process much longer than the one used in       able and reducing inundation of 13 locali-                    (10/8)
 water supply provider in the cities, and is    ties.                                                         Self Reliant Garbage Treatment,
 combined with desalination unit. The               In Sumedang, the government will                          Not Impossible (31/8).




                                                                                                                      Percik 7
                                                                                                                    December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                                Kaleidoscope

                                                          September


   Refillable Bottled Water under Spotlight

 P
          DAM's short of capacity to pro-                          ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH       In the meantime, Medan and its sur-
          vide service has encouraged the                                                         rounding are under big flood. Rain con-
          growth of refillable bottled water                                                      tinued falling for several days. Hundreds
 business. The household scale business is                       NAUGHT                           of homes are under water. This big flood
                                                                    =
 available in almost every street corner.        per
                                                               CLOSED DOWN                        is a combination of the heavy rainfall and
                                                    mit
 They sell drinking water at a relatively                                                         overflowing from other regions.
 cheap price, Rp 2.500 per 4 gallon con-
 tainer. This price is much lower than that                                           REFILL
                                                                                                      Bantar Gebang case flips open again,
 of the branded bottled water, which may                                                          after the common agreement between the
 be twice as much. The growth of refillable                                                       governments of DKI Jakarta and Bekasi
 water depot causes deep concerns to the                                                          was signed last July. The reason is, the
 branded water companies. Besides, there                                                          TPA (final disposal ground) is neglected.
 are many who question about hygienic                                                             The leachate from the mountain of
 level of this refillable water.                                                                  garbage overflows the ditches into the
      In mass media articles were written                                                         community settlement. The company
 about the facts that some of the water                                                           appointed to manage it seems not ready
 depots contain e-coli bacteria and may        Trade). The Letter of Decision poses               to do its job. The government of Bekasi
 cause kidney disorder if consumed for a       sanction to businessman who violates the           demands that DKI Jakarta take care of
 long duration. This of course makes the       regulation, beginning from written notice          the problem. (MJ)
 depot owners feel unhappy. Through            up to revocation of the operational per-
 their business association (APDAMIN-          mit. Apdamindo hailed happily the Letter                      WSS News Index
 DO, association of drinking water suppli-     of Decision. The say with the Letter of
                                                                                                        Investment of PDAM Partner is
 er and distribution business), they deny      Decision there is a guarantee for the busi-
                                                                                                        Limited.(1/9)
 the statement and consider it too tenden-     ness as well as for the community.
                                                                                                        PAM Jaya Tariff will automaticly
 tious and contains some sort of slander.
                                                                                                        increase every 6 months.(1/9)
 They demand that the statements be cla-           PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja of Tange-
                                                                                                        Bandung Basin in Water Crisis
 rified otherwise the refillable business      rang promises clean water supply for
                                                                                                        Due to Changes in Land Use,
 may suffer defamation.                        communities with water shortage. It
                                                                                                        (3/9)
      The small scale water businessmen        made ready 6 water trucks each with
                                                                                                        PAM Banjarmasin Relies on Ta-
 admit that they should be developed           5.000 l capacity. Based on the existing
                                                                                                        buk.(21/9)
 given the necessary education about the       data, there were 25 villages that were in
                                                                                                        Clean Water Costs Rp 2.000 per
 importance of hygiene. Therefore, they        shortage of clean water. But not a single
                                                                                                        jerry can.(24/9)
 must be developed and assisted, rather        RT/RW requested for any help.
                                                                                                        Inhabitants of Mahakam Ri-
 than being killed instead through herding         The same step was taken by PDAM
                                                                                                        verbanks are in shortage of clean
 of community opinion to a negative            Indramayu. To overcome water shortage,
                                                                                                        water.(30/9)
 effect.                                       with 8 trucks in operation, PDAM distrib-
                                                                                                        Bulak Sindon water Source May
      The government of DKI Jakarta            uted clean water free to villages upon
                                                                                                        Be Exploited for Business.(30/9)
 issued a Governor's Letter of Decision No     request from the respective village head-
                                                                                                        DKI Jakarta has not sumbmitted
 13 /2004 on the requirement of health         man. What the villages need is to prepare
                                                                                                        TPA Management system.(7/9)
 certificate for a drinking water depot.       a water reservoir. Each village was sup-
                                                                                                        2005, TPA Cikundul Ceases
 The certificate describes the procedure of    plied with 4 trucks of water each with
                                                                                                        Functioning.(14/9)·
 issuance, recommendation for permit,          4.000 l capacity.
                                                                                                        Flood Swept North Sumatra,
 and supervision of refillable water busi-         Drought still continues in some other
                                                                                                        Hundreds of homes under
 ness. The certificate is the precondition     areas. The communities are still in short
                                                                                                        water.(21/9)
 for obtaining operational permit from         of clean water. This is in Kalimantan,
 Deperindag (Dept. of Industry and             some parts of Jawa, and Nusa Tenggara.



      8          Percik
                 December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                                Kaleidoscope

                                                              October

  Even Ditch and Wallowing Pond Are
    Sources for Consumption Water
 T
          he long dry season that swept vast         Water shortage is also experience in       se remains a promise, and reality is some-
          areas of Indonesia has left misery     Kupang, the capital city of NTT. As many       thing different.
          to many people. Critical water         as 550 people have no access to clean              In Jakarta, PT. Palyja the water sup-
 shortage in many areas. The community           water. Dug wells are drying. The Oepura        ply management, complains about deficit
 of Wanareja, Garut, has no choice but to        water source, the biggest waste source         in raw water supply. The normal supply
 use ditch water for consumption. Later it       for the city where PDAM also takes it          should stand at 6,2 m3/sec is now down
 was found that the water contains a high        water, is also drying up. Long queues are      to only 5,2 m3/sec. Whereas the average
 number of bacteria. It is not worthy for        seen everywhere for 5 litres of water. This    requirement is 5,4 m3/sec. Beside the
 drinking even after boiling. It might be        condition is made worse because of da-         insufficient amount, the PAM Jaya part-
 tolerable for handwashing purpose.              mage in PDAM distribution pipes.               ner company also complains about water
     The local agency for health has                 Similar fate is also experienced by the    quality. It is always turbid. (MJ)
 reminded the people. But what could             citizens of Cirebon. It is slightly better,
 they do, clean water supply never comes         though. At least the citizens still have the              WSS News Index
 by. The only way is to recommend the            benefit of water flow, though they have to
 people to treat the water with clorine          take turn. This is the step PDAM takes so            Water Crisis in Kupang still
 before consumption. The regional go-            that no citizen is left out.                         unsolved. (4/10)
 vernment of Garut helps them with a                 Service rotation is also done in Su-             To irrigate agricultutral land,
 water filtration device made by ITB. The        medang, West Java. Water source in                   Kuningan farmers broke
 Rp 40 million device is hired for two           Cipanteneun Cimalaka where PDAM gets                 PDAM distribution pipe.
 months. Actually, Cigaruhguy water so-          its raw water, is going down. The diffe-             (7/10)
 urce is located in the same area, but based     rence from Cirebon is that not all of cus-           For 4 months thousands of
 on local adat law the source can only be        tomers can get a service. Some home                  peak area community depend
 used by two hamlets. The other nine             connections get no water except the                  on wallowing pond for water.
 hamlets can only bite their fingers.            sound of air flow as you turn the tap open.          (9/10)
     In Martapura, South Kalimantan,             This condition made it necessary for                 According to Sucofindo, Su-
 the community of Kecamatan Gambut               PDAM to operate water tanks.                         rabaya water is good for
 who live along handils (manmade                     In Cimahi, the community of Cibeber              drinking. (11/10)
 drainage dithches specific of South             of Kecamatan Cimahi Selatan demands                  Integrated Tourism Project
 Kalimantan) have for 4 months made use          that the Cimahi city government put an               Threatens Water Conser-
 water from wallowing ponds for their            end to water exploitation of Lake                    vation. (13/10)
 daily consumption. The 2 meter deep             Ciseupan; it is sold to industrial compa-            PDAM Raw Water Supply
                                                                                                      Drops By 200 l/sec. (25/10)
 ponds were dug near the handil. Each            nies. This complaint is caused from the
                                                                                                      Population of South Su-
 pond may produce several pails of yellow-       fact that the Ciseupan area is drying up.
                                                                                                      kabumi Is Crying for Water.
 ish and turbid water. Some of the ponds         Water table in wells drops by 2-3 metres.
                                                                                                      (25/10)
 are located close to a toilet with its nause-       No far from that the community of
                                                                                                      Population of North Bekasi
 ating odour. The yellowish water is let to      Braga, city of Bandung file a protest
                                                                                                      Requests Subsidy for Dug
 settle and filtered before use.                 against the construction of Braga City
                                                                                                      Wells. (27/10)
     In Serang, Banten, scores of Suka-          Walk (BCW). The community considers
                                                                                                      Population of Wanaraja Still
 wana and Trondol villages are conta-            the project disturbs the environment.
                                                                                                      Depends on Drainage Water.
 minated with diarrhoeal disease. They           They are complaining about the decrease
                                                                                                      (27/10)
 are sick because they consumed water            in groundwater table. The company that
                                                                                                      Polluted, Water from Musi
 from Bedeng river which is used as              builds the project once promised to com-
                                                                                                      river is not worthy for drink-
 MCK (bath, wash and defecate) and for           pensate the communitty with a water
                                                                                                      ing. (29/10)
 animal washing.                                 supply network for them. But the promi-



       9          Percik
                  December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                           Kaleidoscope

                                                November-December

                             Flares at TSPT Bojong
 E
          nd of November 2004 was the           nity Empowerment IPB sees the Bojong          Poor drainage has resulted in flooding of
          culmination of cases with TPST        case as an iceberg of garbage handling        many areas. Jakarta has prepared itself
          (Integrated Garbage Disposal          problem in Indonesia. The problem boils       to face it, including preventing of diar-
 Site) at Bojong, Kecamatan Kelapanung-         down to the fact that garbage handling of     rhoeal disease which comes together with
 gal, Kabupaten Bogor. The local people         Jakarta and other cities of Indonesia is      rainy season. But because of poor quality
 held demonstration which ended up with         nailed firmly on the old paradigm. The        in drainage construction, many roads are
 clashes with police force from Bogor           new paradigm in waste material handling       turning bad due to erosion.
 Resort Police. Five demonstrators were         starts with the of development of policy
 shot and others were fleeing (hiding).         and practices that reflect community                     WSS News Index
      The actions were already done several     based waste material handling through
 times. There were even rumours that a          active involvement of the whole commu-                Distamben (Agency of Mining
 certain party is behind them. But what is      nity, private sector and the scavengers.              and Energy) West Java Built
 obvious from field observation, the local           The Bojong case seems to tell all the
                                                                                                      an Artesian Well at Leulosa
 inhabitants question about the negative        stakeholders related to waste material
                                                                                                      (1/11).
 impact the TSPT will produce to the envi-      handling to voice out their ideas. Some of
 ronment and the placement of the TSPST         them suggest that the 6 thousand tonnes               Raw Water for Drinking Must
 is against the spatial planning in which       of daily Jakarta waste production be                  Not Be Taken From Polluted
 the area is alloted for housing and settle-    processed into compost. Some even sug-                River. (5/11)·
 ment. Each time there is a trial the inha-     gest that an incinerator is built in each             Water Crisis is Threatening
 bitants would come and place barricades        divisional region in order to minimize the            Jakarta. (22/11)
 to prevent garbage carrying trucks to en-      burden of TPST. Others strongly defend                PDAM Must Pay Compen-
 ter. Once, the people even drove out the       using sophisticated technology on ground
                                                                                                      sation for Days without Ser-
 police chief who tried to make a speech.       that availability of land area is quite li-
                                                                                                      vice. (23/11)
 They cut trees and place logs and other        mited. Which one is the best? Each has
 heavy materials on the road leading to the     its argumentation. What is certain is that            Automatic Water Tariff will be
 site. It all culminated on 22 November         for Indonesia, the ideas have never been              reviewed. (29/11)
 shortly before noon. The mass attacked         tested as 100% suitable. Therefore, it                Local Population Supports
 TPST Bojong and inflicted damages and          should at this point we think seriously to            TPST Bojong. (1/11)
 put fire on some of the asset belonging to     find the best solution. To prevent the                Garbage for Compost. (4/11).
 PT, Wira Guna Sejahtera, the managing          Bojong case re-occur and more victims                 Investor is Eyeing Surabaya
 company.                                       falling down.
                                                                                                      Solid waste handling. (9/11)·
      The Minister of Environment, Rachmat           In the meantime, Tangerang govern-
                                                                                                      Mountains of Garbage in the
 Witoelar, could understand the fear the        ment frankly refuses any Jakarta plan to
 inhabitants have. But what he regreted was     dump their waste material into its place.             streets of Jakarta and Tange-
 the community action that caused damages       As we know, Jakarta has no more land to               rang. (18/11)·
 to the asset while the opportunity for nego-   dispose of its waste material. This case              Riot in TPST Bojong, 5
 tiation might still be sought for. According   makes us realize that waste material han-             demonstrators were shot.
 to him, socialization activity must be         dling requires inter-regional coordination            (23/11)·
 undertaken more extensively.                   based on a thorough consideration and                 Canals are still being used as
      As a result of what has happened ma-      the principle of mutual benefit, including
                                                                                                      garbage dump. (21/11)·
 ny parties suggest that TPST Bojong be         benefit to the neighbouring community.
                                                                                                      East Jakarta government fears
 temporarily closed. Jakarta’s governor         And what is more important, at no time
 emphasized that TPST Bojong will opera-        environmental impact analysis may be                  BKT land procurement be
 te, but it has to wait till the conditon is    neglected. Otherwise, the local popula-               taken over. (10/11)·
 conducive.                                     tion will be victimized.                              Be careful with diseases dur-
      The Environmental Research Centre              The end of 2004 is coloured with                 ing the rainy season. (12/11)
 of the Institute for Research and Commu-       heavy rains falling all over the country.



     10           Percik
                  December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                              Kaleidoscope

      National Policy for the Development of Institutionally Based Water
                    Supply And Environmental Sanitation,

                                An Egg About To Hatch
                                                                                                                          FOTO:OSWAR MUNGKASA




 T
         he National Policy for the
         Development of Water Supply
         and Environmental Sanitation is
 using two approaches, community based
 and institutionally based. The communi-
 ty based has reached the stage of field
 implementation in 2004. Its sister, the
 institutionally based is in the stage of
 deliberation. Early 2005 the sister policy
 is scheduled to be finalised and is ready
 for dissemination.
     Looking into their formulation, the
 institutionally based in faster than the
 community based. The workshop on the
 draft of theis policy was conducted in
 September and the process up to final for-
 mulation in December 2004. The com-
 pletion process is considered an impor-
 tant momentum, because it will reflect
 consistence and decisive character of the
 overall WSS development policy frame-             And there are also sub-teams dealing        tors. The draft is always updated by the
 work. To this end, 4 teams were formed,       with environmental, financial, institu-         consultant under the supervision of
 each is given a responsibility to deal with   tional, and social aspects. All these work      WASPOLA Secretariat and direction of
 one sub-sector:                               teams make up the core work team for the        the Working Group until the completion
        Drinking Water Team                    institutionally based policy formulation,       of draft #3 which is expected to be the
        Wastewater Team                        which is responsible not only for revising
        Solid Waste Team                       the existing draft but also to enrich it with
        Drainage Team                          environmental sanitation component in                Drinking Water Sector Policy
                                               order to have a balanced treatment              1.   Increase service coverage and quality
   National Policy for Institutionally         among the sub-sectors.                               level gradually from clean water to
       Based WSS Development                       Since the September workshop in                  drinking water
  1. Expansion of service coverage with        Bogor, the Working Group has been con-          2.   Improve access to drinking water faci-
     priority given to poor families (pro      ducting a series of meetings for the com-            lity with priority given to the poor fa-
                                                                                                    milies and low access areas
     poor)                                     pletion of the Institutional Policy draft.
                                                                                               3.   Community empowerment in taking
  2. Maintain balance between the demand       Discussion took place in either sector               benefit from drinking water, in a rea-
     for WSS development and the environ-      team or in plenum.                                   sonable manner
     mental carrying capacity (eco-link)           At the same time there happens syn-         4.   Control to drinking water consumption
  3. Impove involvement of all stakehol-       chronization of policies produced by                 through tariff and regulation instru-
     ders in WSS development (all out)         other planning agencies such Public                  ment
  4. Optimizing the principle of proper                                                        5.   Increase the role of government, com-
                                               Works and the Ministry of Environment
     management with cost recovery (good                                                            munity, and private sector in raw water
                                               (KLH). Public Works has produced                     management
     corporate governance)
                                               National Action Plan for drinking water,        6.   Application of the principle of entre-
  5. Enforce law effectively (law enforce-
                                               waste water and solid waste. While KLH               preneurship and cost recovery in the
     ment)
                                               has produced a national polcy for solid              management of drinking water in gua-
  6. Develop inter-regional and inter-                                                              ranteeing the basic human need
                                               waste management.
     agency coordination in WSS develop-                                                       7.   Increase investment opportunity for
                                                   Workshops I and II were conducted
     ment (regionalization)                                                                         the provision of drinking water service
                                               in seriatim involving all the related sec-




                                                                                                              Percik 11
                                                                                                            December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                                   Kaleidoscope



                                                                                                                            SOURCE:OSWAR MUNGKASA


   Policy Related to Drainage Sector

  1. Management of drainage system is un-
       dertaken by the government, private
       sector, and community based on the
       hierarchy of the drainage system
  2. Drainage system is developed to sup-
       port balance in water system
  3. Drainage management is based on the
       priority of population density and
       poverty




 final draft. This draft will be submitted to
 Central Project Committee (CPC) meeting
 for approval.
     Though it has come to draft #3, it does
 not mean that the activities related to the
 policy formulation have come to an end.
 There are several support activities that
 have not taken place, they are:
     Study on laws and regulations related
     to water supply and environmental            Working Group. These support activities         Supply and Environmental Sanitation is
     sanitation, such Law on Water Reso-          are actually independent activities for the     going to hatch. However, revision and
     urces, Government Regulation on              purpose of providing input and reference        improvement can be neglected. We'll
     Drinking Water, Law on Decentra-             for the working teams, therefore the acti-      wait. (MJ)
     lization, Law of Public Company, etc.        vities are still relevant while the
     Enrichment of insight on the subject         Institutional Policy formulation is still on-
                                                                                                       Policy Related to Solid Waste
     of public policy.                            going. It is almost certain that the egg
     The above activities could not take          called National Policy for the De-
                                                                                                   1. Reducing the amount of waste as
 place due to the hectic schedule of the          velopment of Institutionally Based Water
                                                                                                      much as possible beginning from its
                                                                                                      source
                               Policy Related to Wastewater
                                                                                                   2. Encourage the role and active partici-
  1.    Encourage integration drinking water sector with wastewater sector                            pation of the community as partner in
  2.    Wastewater management is conducted in consideration of environmental conservation             waste material management
  3.    The community must have access to an acceptable drainage facility and infrastructure       3. Strengthening the capacity of solid

  4.    Priority in placed on provision of access to poor community                                   waste management institution
                                                                                                   4. Develop partnership with private sec-
  5.    Wastewater management is undertaken by an institution specially assigned to do this
                                                                                                      tor in solid waste management
        service
                                                                                                   5. Improve level of service to gradually
  6.    Increase the role of government, private sector and community in wastewater mana-
                                                                                                      achieve the national target
        gement
                                                                                                   6. Application, step by step, the principle
  7.    Application, step by step, the principle of cost recovery in wastewater management            of cost recovery
  8.    Effective law enforcement in order to prevent pollution of water source                    7. Effective law enforcement




       12          Percik
                   December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                                Kaleidoscope

   2004, the Year of Implementation of National
 Policy for the Development of Community Based
   Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation

 J
        une 2003. The National Policy for       national policy for the community based         NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
        the Development of Community            WSS development. This workshop pro-             OF COMMUNITY BASED WATER SUPPLY AND
        Based Water Supply and Environ-         duced criteria for site selection and the             ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
 metal Sanitation (WSS) was born. The           related instruments needed. Besides, the          1. Water is a social good and an eco-
 policy was approved by 6 echelon I offi-       participants also agreed to develop a de-            nomic good
 cials of 5 government departments. Tho-        tail implementation plan for 2004. The            2. Informed choice as basis for demand
 se who signed the document were Ir. Su-        agreed activities were directed towards              responsive approach
 yono Dikun, PhD, (Deputy Minister for          marketing/promotion, advocacy, facilita-
                                                                                                  3. Environmentally sensitive develop-
 Infrastructure and Facility Development,       tion, consultation, and implementation.
                                                                                                     ment
 Bappenas), Prof. Dr. Umar Fahmi Ach-               In early 2004 the WSS Working
                                                                                                  4. Hygiene behaviour education
 madi, MPH, PhD (Director General for           Group sent offering letter to provincial
                                                                                                  5. Pro poor development
 Contagious Diseases and Environmental          and kabupaten/kota governments. There
 Sanitation, Dept. of Health), Ir. Budiman      were 14 kabupaten and 13 provinces                6. Role of women in decision making
 Arief, (Director General for Urban Plan-       expressed their interest. The Working             7. Accountability    in   development
 ning and Rural Planning, Dept of Public        Group then made selection based on the               process
 Works), Drs. Seman Widjojo, Msi.               letter of interest and regional commit-           8. Government role as facilitator
 (Director General for Regional Develop-        ment. Approval was given to seven pro-            9. Active community participation
 ment, Dept. of Home Affairs), Dr. Ardi         vinces, namely West Sumatera, Bangka             10. Optimum service and right target
 Partadinata, Msi (Director General for         Belitung, Banten, Central Java, South Su-        11. Application of cost recovery princi-
 Village and Community Empowerment,             lawesi, Gorontalo, Nusa Tenggara Barat               ple
 Dept. of Home Affairs ), and Dr. Machfud       (NTB), and seven kabupaten: Sijunjung,
 Siddik, MSc. (Director General for Ba-         South Bangka, Lebak, Kebumen, Pang-
 lance in Central and Regional Finacing,        kajene, Gorontalo, and West Lombok.            on facilitation of national policy for the
 Dept. of Finance).                                 Before the policy was brought to the       community based WSS development
     Before the signing, the policy which       field for a real application, several pre-     began rolling in the participating regions.
 was formulated by Water Supply and             paratory activities were made. One of          One by one of the facilitators were mobi-
 Environmental Sanitation (WSS) Wor-            them was conducting a worskhop at the          lized to their respected home bases. One
 king Group has undergone several field         end of May on the understanding of the         facilitator was placed in each province to
 trials. The regions selected for the trial     national policy and the process of imple-      cover the job in the provice and the
 were Kabupaten Solok (West Sumatera),          mentation facilitation at the regional         respected kabupaten. There were seven
 Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin (South                level. This workshop was aimed to shed a       of them in all. They were supported and
 Sumatera), Kabupaten Subang (West              light on the regional facilitator candidates   were under the coordination of WASPO-
 Java), and Kabupaten East Sumba                what the policy is all about and at the        LA secretariat and the WSS Working
 (Nusa Tenggara Timur, NTT). These tri-         same time also developing a detailed           Group.
 als gave a clear indication that the regions   work plan for the regional level imple-            Up to July 2004 the activities in the
 are willing and capable of adopting the        mentation facilitation activity. Before        regions consisted of: coordination in the
 policy.                                        this the facilitator candidates have also      preparatory activity towards the policy
     And it was timely in 2004 for putting      attended an orientation course on              implementation, and public presentation
 the policy into real operation. Consi-         Methodology for Participatory Assess-          of the program in each province and
 dering the limitation in the part of the       ments (MPA), a methodology for commu-          kabupaten. The activities were conducted
 central government, however, the policy        nity approach based on the principle of        by each of the regional government and
 cannot be implemented all at once              demand responsiveness. This is the me-         were facilitated by the respective facili-
 throughout the country. There needs to         thodology to be adopted in the national        tators.
 have a stepwise process. Then in January       policy for the community based WSS                 The preparatory activity was preceded
 2004 a workshop was organized to deve-         development.                                   with inter-agency coordination consisting
 lop a strategy for the implementation of           In mid June 2004, the implementati-        of Bappeda, Agency for Health, Kimpras-



                                                                                                                 Percik 13
                                                                                                               December 2004
M AIN REPORT                                                                                               Kaleidoscope




 wil/Public Works, Community Empower-                                                           were initially told to do. Two participants
 ment Agency, for the purpose of intro-
 ducing and further clarification of the           W     ater Supply and Environmental
                                                          Sanitation Policy Formulation
                                                      and Action Planning (WASPOLA)
                                                                                                from Bangka Belitung failed to show up
                                                                                                for transport reason.
 program planning. In general all the re-                                                           In general, the participants were en-
                                                   Project was implemented under the
 gions were supporting eagerly and each of                                                      thusiastic in following the training. They
                                                   leadership of the Indonesian govern-
 them prepared their own facilitators and                                                       also prepared their own planning for the
                                                   ment through an inter-departmental
 the necessary support equipment. All ex-             (Bappenas, Dept. Home Affairs,            policy implementation for further discus-
 cept in one Kabupaten of the facilitatrors            Dept. Settlemnet and Regional            sion with their own superiors.
 are housed in the office of Bappeda. The           Infrastructures, Dept. Health, and
 latter was placed in the office of Public             Dept. Finance) working group             Regional level workshops
 Works.                                            chaired by Bappenas, with a majori-               Workshop after workshop took place
     Beside the abovementioned support,             ty grant fund provided by the Aus-          in the seven provinces and seven kabu-
 the regional government also allocated             tralian government through AusAID           patens. The purpose was to help the
 fund for the policy implementation.               and a direct support from Water and          regions to work out a regional policy
 However, in the majority of the regions           Sanitation Program for East Asia and         famework and action plan for WSS sector
                                                    the Pacific (WSP-EAP) on behalf of
 the fund was not yet made available, the-                                                      development. This activity included:
                                                       AusAID and the World Bank
 refore it had to be found from the annual                                                           Review of the national policy for commu-
 budget. The regions that had allocated                                                              nity based WSS development by the re-
 some fund from the very beginning were          participating regions gave a positive               gions
 kabupatens Sijunjung, Gorontalo, Bangka         response to the work plan and began to              Identification of issues and problems
 Selatan and West Lombok.                        understand that sustainable WSS deve-               related to said development
     Meanwhile, the facilitator identified the   lopment is an important issue and deser-            Study on the factors rensponsible for suc-
 agencies and NGOs related to WSS develop-       ves serious attention. The short term               cess and failure of WSS development in
 ment. The identification produced a list of     agenda consisted of among others esta-              each region
 names for participation in Orientation TOT      blishment of a working team, selection of           Policy dialogues for the purpose of buil-
 on MPA and Policy Implementation                participants for Orientation TOT in MPA             ding interest and care within the various
 organinized by WSS Working Group at             and Policy Implementation.                          parties for the effort in overcoming the
 Cisarua, Bogor, on 13-16 July 2004.                 Other matters that called for clarifica-        issues and poblems related to WSS deve-
     The regional facilitators and stake-        tion from the facilitors were:                      lopment
 holders also collected data on water sup-           There was some sort of misunderstan-            Preparation regional level action plan
 ply and environmental sanitation. These             ding that this program would be fol-            Disemination of the policy to all kabu-
 data were used for discussion material in           lowed with a physical project. This             patens conducted by the province.
 the regional workshop for the formulation           understanding was based on the tra-             Up to this point all the participating
 of WSS development plan. All the regions            dition that each program was always        provinces and kabupatens have conduct-
 came to realize about the problem of data           identical with physical project.           ed the review of the policy principles
 insufficiency. That is why, data prepara-           The absence of DPRD (legislative) repre-   involving a wide range of stakeholders,
 tion should be given a sufficient time              sentatives. Whereas this office plays an   through regional workshops, and were
 frame.                                              utmost important role in supporting and    summarized into a common perception,
                                                     following up the WSS activities.           challenges and efforts to be undertaken.
 Program presentation                                Uncertainty in fund allocation in seve-         Visits were also made to projects which
     The presentation agenda consisted of:           ral regions such as Central Java, West     are considerd successful as also to those
 (i) general picture of policy formulation           Sumatera, NTB, Gorontalo and South         which met with a failure in order to find out
 program; (ii) the basic principles underly-         Sulawesi.                                  what are the factors behind each of them and
 ing the national policy for community                                                          to learn a lesson from them for a sustainable
 based WSS development; (iii) policy             MPA Orientation TOT and Policy                 development in the future. What is more
 implementation facilitation process at the      Implementation                                 important is several regions have started to
 regional level; (iv) discussion and clarifi-        All participating regions sent partici-    ponder on WSS program for 2005. Will the
 cation; and (v) common agreement for a          pants, Banten even sent one and Goron-         policy be really put to practice? We'll wait
 short term work plan. In general all the        talo two additional participants than they     till next year. (MJ)



     14           Percik
                  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
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Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
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Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7  December 2004
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Indonesia Water Supply and Sanitation Magazine. 'PERCIK' Vol 7 December 2004

  • 2. Information Media for Water Supply and From Editor 1 Environmental Sanitation Your Voice 2 Advisor: Main Report Director General for Urban and Muddle within Bantar Gebang TPA Unearthed 3 Rural Development, Ministry of Settlement Flood Swept Across Indonesia 4 and Regional Infrastructure Questioning Government's Responsibility 5 Board of Head: The community is in short of clean water 6 Director of Human Settlement and Housing, Looking for Alternative Water Source 7 National Development Planning Agency Refillable Bottled Water under Spotlight 8 Republic of Indonesia Even Ditch and Wallowing Pond Are Sources for Consumption Water 9 Director of Water and Sanitation, Flares at TSPT Bojong 10 Ministry of Health An Egg About To Hatch 11 Director of Urban and Rural Eastern Region, 2004, the Year of Implementation of National Policy for the Development Ministry of Settlement and Regional of Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation 13 Infrastructure Glimpses of WASPOLA Activities 2004 15 Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate Water and Sanitation Program (ProAir) Technology, Director General on Village and for Rural Population of Nusa Tenggara Timur 17 Community Empowerment, Ministry of Home Affairs WSLIC Phase 2 18 Director for Facilitation of Special Planning CWSH 18 Environment Management, About WASPOLA Ministry of Home Affairs The Implementation of National Policy for WSS Development in November 2004 19 Consigment of Formulation of National Policy for WSS Development 21 Chief Editor: Oswar Mungkasa Workshop on the study of the Dissemination Implementation of National Policy for WSS Development 21 Board of Editor: Workshop for Small Scale Water Provider 21 Hartoyo, Johan Susmono, Indar Parawansa, About WSS Poedjastanto Workshop of Community Water Supply and Health (CWSH) Project 22 Editor: Formulation of Draft of Government Regulation on Drinking Water Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana, Supply and Sanitation Development 22 Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Dissemination of the National Policy for the Development of Essy Asiah, Mujiyanto Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation 23 Design: Pesentation of Winner Candidates for Scientific Article Writing Competition 23 Rudi Kosasih Consolidation Workshop WSLIC-2 Project Management Report 24 Production: Official Dedication of WSLIC-2 Project in Kabupaten Lumajang 24 Machrudin Reportage When Dolbun is Embarrased 25 Distribution: Anggie Rifki Interview Infrastructure as Nation's Unifier 29 Address: Article Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat Human Quality and Sanitation Infrastructure Development in Indonesia 31 Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113 RT/RW Institution as Coordinator in Community Based Water Supply e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com redaksi@ampl.or.id and Environmental Sanitation Management 34 oswar@bappenas.go.id Strategy for Community Awareness Improvement 38 Once Again About Privatization 42 Data Unsolicited article or opinion items Basic Sanitation Coverage Rating by Kabupaten/Kota in 2002 47 are welcome. Please send to our address or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and accom- Book Info 49 panied by identity. Website Info 50 WSS Bibliography 51 Cover by Rudi Kosasih Agenda 52
  • 3. F ROM EDITOR T ime has flown without we being aware of. Now we have come to SOURCE:FANY WEDAHUDITAMA the very end of 2004. Not a beau- tiful present is what we get this end of year. A superlative degree of disaster, instead. More than a hundred thousand of our brothers and sisters in Aceh and North Sumatra were victims of nature's mighty force, earthquakes and the fol- lowing tidal waves. Is that God's dis- pleasure or His demonstration? Only God knows best. What is certain is, this disas- ter should make us aware about the reali- ty of life is that as Servant of God we shall never walk imperiously arrogant, do behave humbly into God's mercy, instead. Besides, this disaster should move us to lend our hand, help our mireable bro- thers and sisters. And let us pray that such a disaster will never come again. Amien. Acehnese Misery, Our Misery. WSS working group Dear Reader. As usual, many who use the end of Gregorian calendar year as a milestone where annual report and at the same time evaluation of the progress made within the year, is summarized into Merry Christmas 2004 record. Was it a success, a half success, or and a failure. Percik of this edition comes in a Happy New Year 2005 slightly different format. We want to invite the readers to look back into vari- ous events that happened in this year in relation to water supply and environmen- tal sanitation in general, and the WSS Development Policy. These two policies Indonesia expects from organizing such working group activity, in particular. We are vital for WSS development because an event. hope some changes would happen in the since the birth of this nation we have What is different from the usual is the next year. Of course a change towards never had a national policy for this sector. reportase. In the present edition the improvement. Prevent it, anything that We also want to see the glimpses of WSS column is filled with report from field happened last year is repeated this year. projects such as ProAir, WSLIC-2, and visit to Bangladesh and India. The la- If things like this happen then we belong CWSH have been doing. nguage style is different from the usual, to the disgraced. Not to be forgotten, Percik made an including its length. We hope that by Dear readers, the portrait of events of interview with Suyono Dikun, Deputy for reading the reportase the readers would the year are specially presented in the Infrastructure, Bappenas on Infrastruc- go together and feel the heartbeat of the main feature. The title is WSS Kalei- ture of Indonesia. As we know, WSS journey. doscope 2004. Beside that we want to development has some linkage with the We also present to you the result of present to you how far has the National existing infrastructure condition. More the acticle writing competition. Beside Policy for Community Based WSS than that, in January 2005 we are going the winner, other articles worthy of pre- Development been moving and what is to organize an event called Infrastructure sentation and useful for the readers will the progress in Institutionally Based Summit. Of course we want to know what also be presented in the next editions. Percik 1 December 2004
  • 4. Y OUR VOICE Percik Must Continue concept and the complete address of Mr. Percik Editor wishes to thank those Kamal Kar. who have sent a letter to us. Among Dr. Hj. Gema Asiani, M.Kes We fully agree and support the contents Kasubdin Penyehatan Lingkungan others: Bappeda Kabupaten Ba- of Percik magazine, especially as they relate Kota Palembang tanghari, Planology Division Univ. to the knowledge and various technologies CLTS concept has been applied in se- Trisakti, Mayor of Metro, Regional and and policies in water supply and enviro- veral countries including Bangladesh City Planning Division Fac. of Technics mental sanitation sector. Percik is a useful and India. We have copies of a book that UNDIP, DPRD Nusa Tenggara Timur, reference for procurement, development, explains the concept in detail. We will Information and Public Service Centre, and management of WSS facility and infra- send you a copy of the book as soon as we Dept. Fishery and Maritime Resources structure of Kab. Malang that always can. As for Dr. Kamal Krishna Kar can Development, Planology Division Univ. demands our serious attention. be reached through the following e-mail Tarumanegara, Environmental Techno- The most important issues that demand addresses: kkar@iastate.edu, kamal- logy Division ITS, Regional Secretary, serious attention in Kab. Malang include da@mailcity.com, kamalkar@vsnl.com, Kab. Aceh Barat, DPRD Kab. Pasaman equitable water supply service between kamalkar@yahoo.com Barat, DPRD Prov. Sumatra Selatan, towns and villages (many villages with and DPRD Kab. Aceh Utara inherent water problem), technological as Service Coverage of well as managerial aspects in waste materi- PDAM Palopo al handling, domestic wastewater treat- We would congratulate for the publi- E R R ATA ment, and urban drainage canal, especially cation of Percik Magazine as a means for In Percik of June 2004 edition, with regard the responsibility in safeguard- interaction and information networks there was written "Sanitation is mo- ing the "national assets" such as Sutami and among water supply and environmental re importance than independence" Selorejo dams from solid and domestic sanitation activists. should read "Sanitation is more wastewater from polluting the raw water As an input we would add to your important than independence". reservoirs. information that as of 31 December the In Percik of October 2004 edi- Basically the Dinas Permukiman and total active home connections of PDAM tion, it was written "National Se- Pertamanan of Kabupaten Malang is look- Palopo is 11.773 with an average size of minar for Socialization of Law No. ing forward to more information from family is 6 persons, the total population 8/2004" should read "National Percik. Next time we will try to send you our Seminar for Socialization of Law with access to the service is 70.638. article about WSS condition and manage- No. 7/2004". Services other than home connections ment here in Kab. Malang. In Percik of October 2004 edi- include 13 MCK, 13 public hydrants, 7 tion, it was written "At this time the public taps, and 5 water terminals each formulation of the National Policy Ir. Didik Budi Hartono, MT. provide service to 50 persons on average. for Institutionally Based Drinking Chief, Dinas Perumahan, From simple calculation the total home Water Service Development which Kebersihan and Pertamanan Kabupaten Malang connection and non home connection serves as an umbrella policy for service covers 72.588 persons. PDAM management is in its final More Information The total population of Palopo is stage and is one part of the initial 106.813, the PDAM Palopo service cove- 100 day program of the Indonesia about CLTS Bersatu Cabinet" should only read After reading Percik of October edi- rage as of 31 December 2004 is 67,96 per- cent or rounded up to 68 percent. "At this time the formulation of the tion on page 40 on the concept Commu- National Policy for Institutionally nity Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) we have We would like to inform you further Based Drinking Water Service a feeling that it has something valuable that pursuant to Law No 11/2002 on the Development which serves as an and useful for Sub-dinas Community formation of Kabupaten Mamasa and umbrella policy for PDAM manage- Health of the Dinas Kesehatan City of Kota Palopo, PDAM Kabupaten Luwu ment is in its final stage". Omit "and Palembang in its effort to support which is located within Kota Palopo has is one part of the initial 100 day pro- Indonesia Sehat 2010. We would appre- been transfered to PDAM Kota Palopo. gram of the Indonesia Bersatu ciate it if you could advise us where we Cabinet". Drs. H. Andi Nurlan Basalan, MM could obtain more information about the CEO of PDAM Kota Palopo 2 Percik December 2004
  • 5. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope January Muddle within Bantar Gebang TPA Unearthed SOURCE: MERCYCORPS.OR.ID E arly 2004 it was the beginning of the problems connected to TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir, terminal disposal site) of Bantar Gebang came to light. The city government of Jakarta that has been managing the 100 ha disposal site since 1999, now has to relinquish the facility back to the city go- vernment of Bekasi. This is because the deputy mayor of Bekasi, upon completion of the contract at the end of December 2003, unilaterally asked the city of Ja- karta pay a fee of Rp 85.000 per ton of solid waste material dumped into the site. This is unacceptable to Jakarta because in previous memorandum between the two governments states the fee is only Rp 50.000 per ton. In addition, the inhabitants of three villages, i.e. Sumur Batu, Cikiwul and such as Cilincing. As for the citizens of The increase poses heavy burden to Ciketing demand a compensation for the Bekasi, they want to see the "war" bet- most PAM customers. They see that the unpleasantness caused by a disposal site ween both governments end peacefully service up to now is short of their expec- in their neighbourhood. This demand is and they demand the problem of polluti- tation. Such as, smelly water, very small of course causing a headache to the go- on be solved in the best possible manner. flow, irregular service. Some consider vernment of Bekasi and to Jakarta at the Peace did come. The mayor of Bekasi this calculation is not transparent, illogi- same time. The population blocked the welcomes City government of Jakarta cal since it is intended to cover financial road leading to the site. Consequently no resume operation in Bantar Gebang. The loss. But, once again, no one can ever garbage truck dares to go near the site. mayor's policy is in contradiction with stop an increase…. (MJ) The people will reopen the road only if that of his deputy. And the mayor's inten- WSS News Index they are paid the compensation. There is tion will not proceed smoothly, either. no way for Bekasi city government but to Because now comes DPRD's turn to speak Cisadane river is polluted, PDAM agree. The city government promised a up. They said that the policy of the city Tangerang may cease to operate compensation of Rp 50.000 per month to government of Bekasi has been deviating (16/1) each of the 12.000 families living in the after the termination of contract between Jakarta inhabitants want more water hydrants (27/1) neighbourhood. It was proven right. But, Bekasi and Jakarta. Finally, months have BPPT and Pusri will develop a unfortunately, it was only once. And, the passed and this TPA's problem does not waste material processor in Jakarta blocking resumed and demanded that see any way out. (13/1) payment be made as promised. Tangerang is considering an elec- The crisis obviously causes difficulty Beside waste material problem, Ja- tric generator from waste material (24/1) to city government of Jakarta. While TPA karta population is surprised with the Jakarta is in first degree alert (6/1) Bantar Gebang is closed, Jakarta does not increase of water supply tariff by 30% Minister of Public Works: Jakarta have yet any replacement. It is not sur- effective from 1 January 2004. The Should Develop an Early Flood prising, as the TPA is closed for a single increase is intended to cover the Rp 900 Warning System (2/1) day, mountains of waste material are seen billion defisit of PAM Jaya partner and A Reservoir in Gadog is to prevent everywhere. The scavengers in the TPA PAM Jaya's obligation to pay back the Rp against flood for Jakarta (3/1) Ciliwung overflows, Jakarta is were complaining about their livelihood. 1,7 trillion loan to the central govern- flooded (20/1). Some of them moved to another ground ment. Percik 3 December 2004
  • 6. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope February-March-April Flood Swept Across Indonesia I n February 2004, the Agency for water. In Kabupaten Manggarai (NTT), Ngembar, Kecamatan Jambu. The for- Meteorology and Geophysics (AMG) death toll consisted of 3 and six others mat of the cooperation is STU develop reminded the Indonesia community were lost. Flood also occurred at Dong- and take over PDAM asset for the period about the forthcoming of tropical storm gala, Central Sulawesi, causing two per- of 27 years. Upon completion all the asset level III which was developing over the sons lost their lives. Sumatra and Sula- goes back to PDAM Ungaran. The new sea south of Java. The storm would cause wesi did not miss the flood. investment amounts to Rp 29,244 billion heavy widespread downpour all over the The government is considered too consisting of Rp 23,4 billion for deve- country. At that time AMG estimated weak in dealing with flood. This is evi- loping a drinking water installation and that February would be the peak rainfall. denced from flood keeps coming every the rest to construct instalation at the It was a good estimation. Flood swept year. Preventive measures were almost water source. almost all regions in Indonesia beginning unheard of, and post flood operation from February and went on through seems quite slow. Whereas, many have WSS News Index March. Flash flood hit Java. More than supplied input and suggestion about the just infrastructure damages, flood in East government should do in dealing with Scavengers' Smile at TPA Bantar Java took the lives of 3 people and ano- flood. Gebang (2/2) ther one missing. This flood hit seven TPA Cipayung becomes a pilot TPA regions of East Java. Muddy water ran In the midst of overflowing flood for Jabotabek area (3/2) across the southern part of Kabupaten water, the city governments of Batu and TPA causes pollution to fish pond Mojokerto. Up to 1-1,5 m deep. This mud Malang are in shortage of clean water. (9/2) flood is the first in 100 years. The total Both city governments have to hire scores Transfer Station at Cilincing is pro- loss for East Java is estimated at Rp 300 of water trucks in order to overcome ven to cause environmental pollu- billion. water crisis, because their distribution tion (10/2) In Central Java flood cut transport are badly affected by the flood. In Batu, BPPT Offers 5 Aspects for Solid connection between Semarang and 4.200 PAM customers have to buy water Waste Handling (16/2) Purwodadi of Kabupaten Grobogan. in jerry cans while in Malang 7.000 are Up to Rp 5 million Fine for Lit- tering (26/2) Hundreds of houses in Kabupaten Gro- without water supply. Banjir Kanal Barat optimalization bogan were under water causing a wave In the meantime, effective from this projet is completed in April (18/2) of refugees. month PDAM Tasikmalaya is increasing North coast road at Situbondo is In the northern coast West Java, flood its tariff by 50%. The increase does not covered with mud and rock (16/2) has cut the main transport link of the only relate to basic tariff but also tariff 31 kelurahan (villages) of Yogya- island. The flood span between Pa- classification to household that has karta are sensitive to flood and manukan (Subang) on the western end to changed function. The reason for in- landslide (5/2) Krangkeng (Indramayu) in the east. In crease, operational cost and the prices of Raw Water Supply Drops by 62% Indramayu the total loss is estimated at equipment and materials for PDAM (5/4) Rp.1,7 billion because 10.665 ha of rice operation have increased. Instantly the Polluted by Fuel Refilling Station, field may have to be replanted. increase causes strong reaction from the One Has Been Buying Mineral As usual, Jakarta is experiencing si- legislative. They have objection with the Water for 5 Years (13/4) milar fate. Hundreds from several loca- increase, because in reality PDAM is still West Java Government Hand Over tions had to look for temporary shelter. making profit, though small. Water Supply Management and Asset to PDAM (11/4) Traffic jams in 29 points. Tangerang and In Ungaran, the local PDAM can no Proposed Tegal PDAM tarif Bekasi were not too far different. The longer bear the burdens of operational increase almost 100% (27/4) condition of these areas was almost iden- costs and loan repayment. The company PAM water of West Bangka has tical with the prevalence of dengue fever. is in arrears amounting to Rp 33,8 billion. long been polluted (27/4) In Kabupaten Banjar, South Kali- To overcome this PDAM Ungaran invites Hundreds of Bojong population mantan, thousands of people had to take the cooperation of PT Sara Tirta Ungaran held demo to Police HQ (9/3). refugee because most of the area is under (STU) to manage the water source at 4 Percik December 2004
  • 7. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope May Questioning Government's Responsibility F ollowing floods that swept material consisting of plastic, many parts of Indonesia, the SOURCE: DEPT. OF HEALTH empty bottles, cans, and so on. community begins questioning This condition causes a lot of nui- the government's performance in sance to the neigbourhood. They dealing with this disaster. Generally expect the city government would the people consider that the govern- build a fence around the reservoir. ment is incapable of anticipating the occurrence of flood and the conse- In the meantime, Bogor citi- quences it leaves behind. As a result, zens are surprised with the in- human lives and property always fall crease of PDAM Tirta Pakuan's victim, and the amount is never small. 150% tariff increase. The increase The regional government of Jakar- is based on the increases of elec- ta, for example, is unable to cope with tricity at 60%, fuel at 50% and this problem, and has asked the cen- basic regional salary. The increase tral government to share the burden. which is effective since June has This is because flood is not the pro- invited objection from the con- blem of a single province but it entan- sumers. They consider the in- gles across administrative borders. may become a clean and hygienic city. crease is too high and incomparable with The bupati of Kabupaten Indramayu, In Padang, the citizens regret the the quality of PDAM service. Irianto Syafiudin, requests the provincial environmental destruction that has taken But, hush…. people's voice is almost government's help to solve river siltation place in the region. In areas where flood always unheard. (MJ) problem in his region. Siltation rate in was historically unknown, now are begin- Kab. Indramayu is the highest in West ning to experience the disaster. The citi- WSS News Index Java because this region is the down- zens consider the city government lacks Bekasi City government breaks promi- stream area of rivers carrying mud from of care and interest to subject related to se, Bantar Gebang population closes Tasikmalaya, Garut, Sumedang, Subang, flood and environmental conservation as TPA (6/5) Majalengka and Kuningan areas. well as spatial planning. Waste Material of TPA Leuwigajah for In Bekasi, the population of Babelan The Minster of Environment, Nabiel electricity (8/5) requests the government to as soon as Makarim, stated that there are nine out of Container in place of informal transfer possible normalize Kali Balisasak. The 198 lakes (natural and man-made) in the station (10/5) Because of Waste material teachers river has undergone advanced siltation area of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang threaten to strike from teaching (31/5) and aquatic vegetation cover and as such and Bekasi have been converted to other Many have to drink water not worthy it cannot function as normal waterway function and must be reverted to their for consumption (14/5) during peak flow. previous condition. According to him, re- PDAM Bogor raises tariff up to 150% In the city of Bogor, many roads turn version of the lakes in this region is an (21/5) Big annual decrease is dicharge rate in bad easily because of poor drainage sys- effort to control flood especially in the NTB (26/5) tem. resorption and water pocket areas. In Seminar of "Water Culture" (19/5) Therefore, several parties suggest that addition, he feels a deep apprehension And water pipe is hung on the tree the roads of the city should not be paved with the damages made to 134 lakes (13/5) with asphalt, but with concrete bloc (68%). Only 42 (20%) of the lakes are Need a regulation on relocation of instead. Additionally, the community re- considerd accepteble and 2 lakes have water use (14/5) Central Government is asked to help quests that the drainage is re-arranged totally disappeared. overcoming flood problem (8/5) properly considering Bogor is a rainy city. What was stated by Nabiel is right. Water discharge of Citanduy river Further the community requests re- The function of Rawa Badung reservoir in drops drastically (8/5) arrangement of waste material and street Jatinegara, East Jakarta is to hold water, The rivers of Jakarta serve as the vendor management. The population ex- but at the same time it is also a garbage longest toilet in the world (5/5). pects that this tourist destination city holder. Floating on surface is waste Percik 5 December 2004
  • 8. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope June-July The community is in short of clean water A fter flood swept a number of ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH because of the minimum water resorption regions, Indonesia is now facing areas. And ground water condition of the another "law of nature" as a con- remaining areas is very poor. An obser- sequence of environmental degradation: vation made to water taken from the wells DROUGHT drought. This condition does not only of the community of 5 districts of Jakarta affect the people as individuals but also indicates that 90% of the samples have the clean water provider, PDAM. The re- been contaminated with coli bacteria gional public utility company is com- from human waste. If this condition pre- plaining about the difficulty in getting vails, according to Japan Indonesia raw water. Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2010 The rivers of West Kalimantan drasti- Jakarta will face a serious water short- cally drop their water level. Water depth age. that was normally 3 metres now sinks to only one meter. In many parts of the rivers the people can freely wade across WSS News Index the banks. It is obvious that such a con- regional government distributes clean PDAM Indramayu increases tariff by dition is detrimental to raw water supply water to the population with the priority 66% (30/1) for several PDAMs such as the ones in given to the poor. Because of prolonged Waste materials heavily pollutes Siak Sanggau, Landak and Pontianak. The lo- dry season eleven kecamatan of this river, PDAM is suggested not to con- cal population has to buy drinking water kabupaten are suffering from water tinue processing raw water (3/7) at Rp 70.000 per tank containing 4.000 scarcity. In Kulonprogo, 8 from 12 keca- The population of 16 villages in Demak litres. Other people have to pay retail matan are in shortage of water. Even in is in short of clean water (8/7) price at Rp 1.000 per gallon (4 litres). four of them they have no clean water at Regarded as legally defective, 16 NGOs Worst of all, the poor who cannot afford all for almost two months. file suit against Law on Water Resour- to buy water, have to go to the river to Sutrisno, head of Pemali Jatrun wa- ces to Constitution Court (14/7) take water, let it settle overnight and use tershed management, in Central Java, Salt water intrusion has reached mid- it the next morning. Some even have to said that approximately 430.000 ha of fo- town area (20/7) use it directly. rest lands in 16 kabupatens are in critical Blue Oasis City is built on a water re- sorption area (28/7) In Banjarmasin, the local PDAM also condition and must be seriously taken Judicial Review of Law on Water Reso- experience a supply shortage. One of its care of otherwise they may cause disas- urces is submitted to Constitution 500 l/sec capacity raw water intakes can- ters to the surrounding areas. Of the to- Court (29/7) not be used any more. Beside drought tal, 238.000 ha are located outside of the Proportional Water Sharing to prevent problem, salt water intrusion has reached forest areas. Absolute Water Spring (22/7) above tolerance level. Water scarcity In NTT, the local government has to Extension of TPA Bantar Gebang brings detrimental effects to the popula- discontinue water supply to the barracks approved (10/6) tion. Diarrhea diseases are beginning to of ex Timor Timur refugees. The reason Local population maintains rejection attack the people living near the river, is because the local government is in against disposal site for Jakarta garba- especially the poor who are living in short of fund to support the operation. ge (23/7) thickly populated quarters. The ex refugees respond sharply. They Integrated Waste Disposal at Bojong is In Serang, approximately 10.000 say the government has treated them guaranteed environmentally safe PDAM customers are unable to enjoy inhumanly because they have no more (29/7) clean water service. The director of local drinking water in their camp. Number of Lakes in Bekasi decreases continuously (8/6) PDAM says that the main conveyance Beside in the regions, water crisis also Rp. 100 billion for BKT land procure- pipe in Tamansari, Baros is closed down threatens Jakarta. And this is an inter- ment (24/6) by the local population because of a nag- mittent annual disaster agenda for Ja- Mookervaart river, your story today ging problem of land compensation. karta. The heavy rainfall cannot find (28/7). In Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, the enough entry to underground aquifer 6 Percik December 2004
  • 9. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope August Looking for Alternative Water Source P rolonged drought that review the design of Jatigede levee ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH spread across vast areas and dam construction. Department of of Indonesia has com- Calm down..... Regional Infrastructure and Setlle- pelled the government to look for we will provide ment Systems (Public Works) is going alternative water sources or ways Artesian well to bring head of water level lower so how to maintain the existing Need that the area of inundation will be reserves. The government, thro- INUL’s help? reduced. This change means the vol- ugh the Minister of Research and ume of the dam will be less and the Technology, Hatta Rajasa, is de- service area will also be smaller. termined to look for alternative water sources for fulfilling clean The seed of community threats to water requirement. One exam- close down the Integrated Water ple is construction of undergo- Treatment facility is growing. The und reservoir at Goa Bribin, population from 6 villages of Gunung Kidul. Pumping up wa- Kecamatan Kelapanunggal asks the ter from Goa Bribin can satisfy the need equipment which costs Rp 350 million is DPRD Bogor to cancel the Bupati Bogor for 175 thousand of Gunung Kidul popu- capable of producing 170 gallons of drink- letter of decision that grants permit for lation. able water for every 8 hours of operation. the construction of the facility. PT. Wira Exploitation underground water is Water is sold at Rp 3.000 - 5.000 per gal- Guna Sejahtera, the company to operate also done in Duwet hamlet of Suci village, lon. the facility keeps convincing the people some 40 km south of Wonogiri, Central In the meantime, to prevent river se- that the solid waste treatment facility is Java. A deep well pump was sunk 160 m dimentation, the Governor of Jakarta, environmentally safe. (MJ) below ground and water is pumped up to pleads that the inhabitants of Jakarta not satisfy water requirement of 500 families to throw any waste into the 13 rivers of WSS News Index in the village. With the well operating the the city. Besides, the city government will villagers do not have to walk 7 km to keca- move all the settlement houses built on Looking for Water Sources is matan capital to buy water, or to wait for the riverbanks. The governor promises Continuing (3/8) Unable to Solve Consumers' com- water tank on the main road which is 1 the legal city inhabitant with Jakarta plain, Palyja may face sanction km from the village. identication a low priced living quarter in (3/8) The effort to look for new water a flat. One of the rivers that shows Deep well overcomes scarcity of source is also done through competition. improvement is kali Angke, but a home clean water (5/8) Arie Herlambang, a researcher from the work still remains undone, i.e. changing Drought in 4 kabupaten of Agency for Technological Study and the water colour from black into clear. Banyumas (10/8) Water Treatment of Peaty Soils Application, won Innovative Technology While for flood protection, the go- Won Innovation Competition competition 2004. He was named the vernment is determined to finalise con- (20/8) best out of seven finalists with an innova- struction the Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) Freedom Yes Freedom, But tion called "Technical Application for the drainage system by 2007. A budget of Water Scarcity is Water Scarcity Treatment of Brackish Water of Peat Soils almost Rp 2 trillion is allocated for the (23/8) Water Level in 3 lakes is receding, into Drinking Water." The inovation is construction. The most difficult process Cirebon population is threatened not just theoretical, it has been success- is land procurement because it involves with dryness (24/8) fully applied in a transmigration area of relatively large pieces of land, about 263 Three Primary Schools Which Are Central Kalimantan which is always in ha in total, all belonging to the communi- Polluted With Garbage have Not shortage of clean water. Basically this ty. With the functioning of BKT, it is been Moved (2/8) Govt. of Jakarta will proceed with equipment consists of a series of filtration expected Jakarta will be more manage- Bojong garbage treatment facility process much longer than the one used in able and reducing inundation of 13 locali- (10/8) water supply provider in the cities, and is ties. Self Reliant Garbage Treatment, combined with desalination unit. The In Sumedang, the government will Not Impossible (31/8). Percik 7 December 2004
  • 10. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope September Refillable Bottled Water under Spotlight P DAM's short of capacity to pro- ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH In the meantime, Medan and its sur- vide service has encouraged the rounding are under big flood. Rain con- growth of refillable bottled water tinued falling for several days. Hundreds business. The household scale business is NAUGHT of homes are under water. This big flood = available in almost every street corner. per CLOSED DOWN is a combination of the heavy rainfall and mit They sell drinking water at a relatively overflowing from other regions. cheap price, Rp 2.500 per 4 gallon con- tainer. This price is much lower than that REFILL Bantar Gebang case flips open again, of the branded bottled water, which may after the common agreement between the be twice as much. The growth of refillable governments of DKI Jakarta and Bekasi water depot causes deep concerns to the was signed last July. The reason is, the branded water companies. Besides, there TPA (final disposal ground) is neglected. are many who question about hygienic The leachate from the mountain of level of this refillable water. garbage overflows the ditches into the In mass media articles were written community settlement. The company about the facts that some of the water appointed to manage it seems not ready depots contain e-coli bacteria and may Trade). The Letter of Decision poses to do its job. The government of Bekasi cause kidney disorder if consumed for a sanction to businessman who violates the demands that DKI Jakarta take care of long duration. This of course makes the regulation, beginning from written notice the problem. (MJ) depot owners feel unhappy. Through up to revocation of the operational per- their business association (APDAMIN- mit. Apdamindo hailed happily the Letter WSS News Index DO, association of drinking water suppli- of Decision. The say with the Letter of Investment of PDAM Partner is er and distribution business), they deny Decision there is a guarantee for the busi- Limited.(1/9) the statement and consider it too tenden- ness as well as for the community. PAM Jaya Tariff will automaticly tious and contains some sort of slander. increase every 6 months.(1/9) They demand that the statements be cla- PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja of Tange- Bandung Basin in Water Crisis rified otherwise the refillable business rang promises clean water supply for Due to Changes in Land Use, may suffer defamation. communities with water shortage. It (3/9) The small scale water businessmen made ready 6 water trucks each with PAM Banjarmasin Relies on Ta- admit that they should be developed 5.000 l capacity. Based on the existing buk.(21/9) given the necessary education about the data, there were 25 villages that were in Clean Water Costs Rp 2.000 per importance of hygiene. Therefore, they shortage of clean water. But not a single jerry can.(24/9) must be developed and assisted, rather RT/RW requested for any help. Inhabitants of Mahakam Ri- than being killed instead through herding The same step was taken by PDAM verbanks are in shortage of clean of community opinion to a negative Indramayu. To overcome water shortage, water.(30/9) effect. with 8 trucks in operation, PDAM distrib- Bulak Sindon water Source May The government of DKI Jakarta uted clean water free to villages upon Be Exploited for Business.(30/9) issued a Governor's Letter of Decision No request from the respective village head- DKI Jakarta has not sumbmitted 13 /2004 on the requirement of health man. What the villages need is to prepare TPA Management system.(7/9) certificate for a drinking water depot. a water reservoir. Each village was sup- 2005, TPA Cikundul Ceases The certificate describes the procedure of plied with 4 trucks of water each with Functioning.(14/9)· issuance, recommendation for permit, 4.000 l capacity. Flood Swept North Sumatra, and supervision of refillable water busi- Drought still continues in some other Hundreds of homes under ness. The certificate is the precondition areas. The communities are still in short water.(21/9) for obtaining operational permit from of clean water. This is in Kalimantan, Deperindag (Dept. of Industry and some parts of Jawa, and Nusa Tenggara. 8 Percik December 2004
  • 11. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope October Even Ditch and Wallowing Pond Are Sources for Consumption Water T he long dry season that swept vast Water shortage is also experience in se remains a promise, and reality is some- areas of Indonesia has left misery Kupang, the capital city of NTT. As many thing different. to many people. Critical water as 550 people have no access to clean In Jakarta, PT. Palyja the water sup- shortage in many areas. The community water. Dug wells are drying. The Oepura ply management, complains about deficit of Wanareja, Garut, has no choice but to water source, the biggest waste source in raw water supply. The normal supply use ditch water for consumption. Later it for the city where PDAM also takes it should stand at 6,2 m3/sec is now down was found that the water contains a high water, is also drying up. Long queues are to only 5,2 m3/sec. Whereas the average number of bacteria. It is not worthy for seen everywhere for 5 litres of water. This requirement is 5,4 m3/sec. Beside the drinking even after boiling. It might be condition is made worse because of da- insufficient amount, the PAM Jaya part- tolerable for handwashing purpose. mage in PDAM distribution pipes. ner company also complains about water The local agency for health has Similar fate is also experienced by the quality. It is always turbid. (MJ) reminded the people. But what could citizens of Cirebon. It is slightly better, they do, clean water supply never comes though. At least the citizens still have the WSS News Index by. The only way is to recommend the benefit of water flow, though they have to people to treat the water with clorine take turn. This is the step PDAM takes so Water Crisis in Kupang still before consumption. The regional go- that no citizen is left out. unsolved. (4/10) vernment of Garut helps them with a Service rotation is also done in Su- To irrigate agricultutral land, water filtration device made by ITB. The medang, West Java. Water source in Kuningan farmers broke Rp 40 million device is hired for two Cipanteneun Cimalaka where PDAM gets PDAM distribution pipe. months. Actually, Cigaruhguy water so- its raw water, is going down. The diffe- (7/10) urce is located in the same area, but based rence from Cirebon is that not all of cus- For 4 months thousands of on local adat law the source can only be tomers can get a service. Some home peak area community depend used by two hamlets. The other nine connections get no water except the on wallowing pond for water. hamlets can only bite their fingers. sound of air flow as you turn the tap open. (9/10) In Martapura, South Kalimantan, This condition made it necessary for According to Sucofindo, Su- the community of Kecamatan Gambut PDAM to operate water tanks. rabaya water is good for who live along handils (manmade In Cimahi, the community of Cibeber drinking. (11/10) drainage dithches specific of South of Kecamatan Cimahi Selatan demands Integrated Tourism Project Kalimantan) have for 4 months made use that the Cimahi city government put an Threatens Water Conser- water from wallowing ponds for their end to water exploitation of Lake vation. (13/10) daily consumption. The 2 meter deep Ciseupan; it is sold to industrial compa- PDAM Raw Water Supply Drops By 200 l/sec. (25/10) ponds were dug near the handil. Each nies. This complaint is caused from the Population of South Su- pond may produce several pails of yellow- fact that the Ciseupan area is drying up. kabumi Is Crying for Water. ish and turbid water. Some of the ponds Water table in wells drops by 2-3 metres. (25/10) are located close to a toilet with its nause- No far from that the community of Population of North Bekasi ating odour. The yellowish water is let to Braga, city of Bandung file a protest Requests Subsidy for Dug settle and filtered before use. against the construction of Braga City Wells. (27/10) In Serang, Banten, scores of Suka- Walk (BCW). The community considers Population of Wanaraja Still wana and Trondol villages are conta- the project disturbs the environment. Depends on Drainage Water. minated with diarrhoeal disease. They They are complaining about the decrease (27/10) are sick because they consumed water in groundwater table. The company that Polluted, Water from Musi from Bedeng river which is used as builds the project once promised to com- river is not worthy for drink- MCK (bath, wash and defecate) and for pensate the communitty with a water ing. (29/10) animal washing. supply network for them. But the promi- 9 Percik December 2004
  • 12. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope November-December Flares at TSPT Bojong E nd of November 2004 was the nity Empowerment IPB sees the Bojong Poor drainage has resulted in flooding of culmination of cases with TPST case as an iceberg of garbage handling many areas. Jakarta has prepared itself (Integrated Garbage Disposal problem in Indonesia. The problem boils to face it, including preventing of diar- Site) at Bojong, Kecamatan Kelapanung- down to the fact that garbage handling of rhoeal disease which comes together with gal, Kabupaten Bogor. The local people Jakarta and other cities of Indonesia is rainy season. But because of poor quality held demonstration which ended up with nailed firmly on the old paradigm. The in drainage construction, many roads are clashes with police force from Bogor new paradigm in waste material handling turning bad due to erosion. Resort Police. Five demonstrators were starts with the of development of policy shot and others were fleeing (hiding). and practices that reflect community WSS News Index The actions were already done several based waste material handling through times. There were even rumours that a active involvement of the whole commu- Distamben (Agency of Mining certain party is behind them. But what is nity, private sector and the scavengers. and Energy) West Java Built obvious from field observation, the local The Bojong case seems to tell all the an Artesian Well at Leulosa inhabitants question about the negative stakeholders related to waste material (1/11). impact the TSPT will produce to the envi- handling to voice out their ideas. Some of ronment and the placement of the TSPST them suggest that the 6 thousand tonnes Raw Water for Drinking Must is against the spatial planning in which of daily Jakarta waste production be Not Be Taken From Polluted the area is alloted for housing and settle- processed into compost. Some even sug- River. (5/11)· ment. Each time there is a trial the inha- gest that an incinerator is built in each Water Crisis is Threatening bitants would come and place barricades divisional region in order to minimize the Jakarta. (22/11) to prevent garbage carrying trucks to en- burden of TPST. Others strongly defend PDAM Must Pay Compen- ter. Once, the people even drove out the using sophisticated technology on ground sation for Days without Ser- police chief who tried to make a speech. that availability of land area is quite li- vice. (23/11) They cut trees and place logs and other mited. Which one is the best? Each has heavy materials on the road leading to the its argumentation. What is certain is that Automatic Water Tariff will be site. It all culminated on 22 November for Indonesia, the ideas have never been reviewed. (29/11) shortly before noon. The mass attacked tested as 100% suitable. Therefore, it Local Population Supports TPST Bojong and inflicted damages and should at this point we think seriously to TPST Bojong. (1/11) put fire on some of the asset belonging to find the best solution. To prevent the Garbage for Compost. (4/11). PT, Wira Guna Sejahtera, the managing Bojong case re-occur and more victims Investor is Eyeing Surabaya company. falling down. Solid waste handling. (9/11)· The Minister of Environment, Rachmat In the meantime, Tangerang govern- Mountains of Garbage in the Witoelar, could understand the fear the ment frankly refuses any Jakarta plan to inhabitants have. But what he regreted was dump their waste material into its place. streets of Jakarta and Tange- the community action that caused damages As we know, Jakarta has no more land to rang. (18/11)· to the asset while the opportunity for nego- dispose of its waste material. This case Riot in TPST Bojong, 5 tiation might still be sought for. According makes us realize that waste material han- demonstrators were shot. to him, socialization activity must be dling requires inter-regional coordination (23/11)· undertaken more extensively. based on a thorough consideration and Canals are still being used as As a result of what has happened ma- the principle of mutual benefit, including garbage dump. (21/11)· ny parties suggest that TPST Bojong be benefit to the neighbouring community. East Jakarta government fears temporarily closed. Jakarta’s governor And what is more important, at no time emphasized that TPST Bojong will opera- environmental impact analysis may be BKT land procurement be te, but it has to wait till the conditon is neglected. Otherwise, the local popula- taken over. (10/11)· conducive. tion will be victimized. Be careful with diseases dur- The Environmental Research Centre The end of 2004 is coloured with ing the rainy season. (12/11) of the Institute for Research and Commu- heavy rains falling all over the country. 10 Percik December 2004
  • 13. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope National Policy for the Development of Institutionally Based Water Supply And Environmental Sanitation, An Egg About To Hatch FOTO:OSWAR MUNGKASA T he National Policy for the Development of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation is using two approaches, community based and institutionally based. The communi- ty based has reached the stage of field implementation in 2004. Its sister, the institutionally based is in the stage of deliberation. Early 2005 the sister policy is scheduled to be finalised and is ready for dissemination. Looking into their formulation, the institutionally based in faster than the community based. The workshop on the draft of theis policy was conducted in September and the process up to final for- mulation in December 2004. The com- pletion process is considered an impor- tant momentum, because it will reflect consistence and decisive character of the overall WSS development policy frame- And there are also sub-teams dealing tors. The draft is always updated by the work. To this end, 4 teams were formed, with environmental, financial, institu- consultant under the supervision of each is given a responsibility to deal with tional, and social aspects. All these work WASPOLA Secretariat and direction of one sub-sector: teams make up the core work team for the the Working Group until the completion Drinking Water Team institutionally based policy formulation, of draft #3 which is expected to be the Wastewater Team which is responsible not only for revising Solid Waste Team the existing draft but also to enrich it with Drainage Team environmental sanitation component in Drinking Water Sector Policy order to have a balanced treatment 1. Increase service coverage and quality National Policy for Institutionally among the sub-sectors. level gradually from clean water to Based WSS Development Since the September workshop in drinking water 1. Expansion of service coverage with Bogor, the Working Group has been con- 2. Improve access to drinking water faci- priority given to poor families (pro ducting a series of meetings for the com- lity with priority given to the poor fa- milies and low access areas poor) pletion of the Institutional Policy draft. 3. Community empowerment in taking 2. Maintain balance between the demand Discussion took place in either sector benefit from drinking water, in a rea- for WSS development and the environ- team or in plenum. sonable manner mental carrying capacity (eco-link) At the same time there happens syn- 4. Control to drinking water consumption 3. Impove involvement of all stakehol- chronization of policies produced by through tariff and regulation instru- ders in WSS development (all out) other planning agencies such Public ment 4. Optimizing the principle of proper 5. Increase the role of government, com- Works and the Ministry of Environment management with cost recovery (good munity, and private sector in raw water (KLH). Public Works has produced management corporate governance) National Action Plan for drinking water, 6. Application of the principle of entre- 5. Enforce law effectively (law enforce- waste water and solid waste. While KLH preneurship and cost recovery in the ment) has produced a national polcy for solid management of drinking water in gua- 6. Develop inter-regional and inter- ranteeing the basic human need waste management. agency coordination in WSS develop- 7. Increase investment opportunity for Workshops I and II were conducted ment (regionalization) the provision of drinking water service in seriatim involving all the related sec- Percik 11 December 2004
  • 14. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope SOURCE:OSWAR MUNGKASA Policy Related to Drainage Sector 1. Management of drainage system is un- dertaken by the government, private sector, and community based on the hierarchy of the drainage system 2. Drainage system is developed to sup- port balance in water system 3. Drainage management is based on the priority of population density and poverty final draft. This draft will be submitted to Central Project Committee (CPC) meeting for approval. Though it has come to draft #3, it does not mean that the activities related to the policy formulation have come to an end. There are several support activities that have not taken place, they are: Study on laws and regulations related to water supply and environmental Working Group. These support activities Supply and Environmental Sanitation is sanitation, such Law on Water Reso- are actually independent activities for the going to hatch. However, revision and urces, Government Regulation on purpose of providing input and reference improvement can be neglected. We'll Drinking Water, Law on Decentra- for the working teams, therefore the acti- wait. (MJ) lization, Law of Public Company, etc. vities are still relevant while the Enrichment of insight on the subject Institutional Policy formulation is still on- Policy Related to Solid Waste of public policy. going. It is almost certain that the egg The above activities could not take called National Policy for the De- 1. Reducing the amount of waste as place due to the hectic schedule of the velopment of Institutionally Based Water much as possible beginning from its source Policy Related to Wastewater 2. Encourage the role and active partici- 1. Encourage integration drinking water sector with wastewater sector pation of the community as partner in 2. Wastewater management is conducted in consideration of environmental conservation waste material management 3. The community must have access to an acceptable drainage facility and infrastructure 3. Strengthening the capacity of solid 4. Priority in placed on provision of access to poor community waste management institution 4. Develop partnership with private sec- 5. Wastewater management is undertaken by an institution specially assigned to do this tor in solid waste management service 5. Improve level of service to gradually 6. Increase the role of government, private sector and community in wastewater mana- achieve the national target gement 6. Application, step by step, the principle 7. Application, step by step, the principle of cost recovery in wastewater management of cost recovery 8. Effective law enforcement in order to prevent pollution of water source 7. Effective law enforcement 12 Percik December 2004
  • 15. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope 2004, the Year of Implementation of National Policy for the Development of Community Based Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation J une 2003. The National Policy for national policy for the community based NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT the Development of Community WSS development. This workshop pro- OF COMMUNITY BASED WATER SUPPLY AND Based Water Supply and Environ- duced criteria for site selection and the ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION metal Sanitation (WSS) was born. The related instruments needed. Besides, the 1. Water is a social good and an eco- policy was approved by 6 echelon I offi- participants also agreed to develop a de- nomic good cials of 5 government departments. Tho- tail implementation plan for 2004. The 2. Informed choice as basis for demand se who signed the document were Ir. Su- agreed activities were directed towards responsive approach yono Dikun, PhD, (Deputy Minister for marketing/promotion, advocacy, facilita- 3. Environmentally sensitive develop- Infrastructure and Facility Development, tion, consultation, and implementation. ment Bappenas), Prof. Dr. Umar Fahmi Ach- In early 2004 the WSS Working 4. Hygiene behaviour education madi, MPH, PhD (Director General for Group sent offering letter to provincial 5. Pro poor development Contagious Diseases and Environmental and kabupaten/kota governments. There Sanitation, Dept. of Health), Ir. Budiman were 14 kabupaten and 13 provinces 6. Role of women in decision making Arief, (Director General for Urban Plan- expressed their interest. The Working 7. Accountability in development ning and Rural Planning, Dept of Public Group then made selection based on the process Works), Drs. Seman Widjojo, Msi. letter of interest and regional commit- 8. Government role as facilitator (Director General for Regional Develop- ment. Approval was given to seven pro- 9. Active community participation ment, Dept. of Home Affairs), Dr. Ardi vinces, namely West Sumatera, Bangka 10. Optimum service and right target Partadinata, Msi (Director General for Belitung, Banten, Central Java, South Su- 11. Application of cost recovery princi- Village and Community Empowerment, lawesi, Gorontalo, Nusa Tenggara Barat ple Dept. of Home Affairs ), and Dr. Machfud (NTB), and seven kabupaten: Sijunjung, Siddik, MSc. (Director General for Ba- South Bangka, Lebak, Kebumen, Pang- lance in Central and Regional Finacing, kajene, Gorontalo, and West Lombok. on facilitation of national policy for the Dept. of Finance). Before the policy was brought to the community based WSS development Before the signing, the policy which field for a real application, several pre- began rolling in the participating regions. was formulated by Water Supply and paratory activities were made. One of One by one of the facilitators were mobi- Environmental Sanitation (WSS) Wor- them was conducting a worskhop at the lized to their respected home bases. One king Group has undergone several field end of May on the understanding of the facilitator was placed in each province to trials. The regions selected for the trial national policy and the process of imple- cover the job in the provice and the were Kabupaten Solok (West Sumatera), mentation facilitation at the regional respected kabupaten. There were seven Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin (South level. This workshop was aimed to shed a of them in all. They were supported and Sumatera), Kabupaten Subang (West light on the regional facilitator candidates were under the coordination of WASPO- Java), and Kabupaten East Sumba what the policy is all about and at the LA secretariat and the WSS Working (Nusa Tenggara Timur, NTT). These tri- same time also developing a detailed Group. als gave a clear indication that the regions work plan for the regional level imple- Up to July 2004 the activities in the are willing and capable of adopting the mentation facilitation activity. Before regions consisted of: coordination in the policy. this the facilitator candidates have also preparatory activity towards the policy And it was timely in 2004 for putting attended an orientation course on implementation, and public presentation the policy into real operation. Consi- Methodology for Participatory Assess- of the program in each province and dering the limitation in the part of the ments (MPA), a methodology for commu- kabupaten. The activities were conducted central government, however, the policy nity approach based on the principle of by each of the regional government and cannot be implemented all at once demand responsiveness. This is the me- were facilitated by the respective facili- throughout the country. There needs to thodology to be adopted in the national tators. have a stepwise process. Then in January policy for the community based WSS The preparatory activity was preceded 2004 a workshop was organized to deve- development. with inter-agency coordination consisting lop a strategy for the implementation of In mid June 2004, the implementati- of Bappeda, Agency for Health, Kimpras- Percik 13 December 2004
  • 16. M AIN REPORT Kaleidoscope wil/Public Works, Community Empower- were initially told to do. Two participants ment Agency, for the purpose of intro- ducing and further clarification of the W ater Supply and Environmental Sanitation Policy Formulation and Action Planning (WASPOLA) from Bangka Belitung failed to show up for transport reason. program planning. In general all the re- In general, the participants were en- Project was implemented under the gions were supporting eagerly and each of thusiastic in following the training. They leadership of the Indonesian govern- them prepared their own facilitators and also prepared their own planning for the ment through an inter-departmental the necessary support equipment. All ex- (Bappenas, Dept. Home Affairs, policy implementation for further discus- cept in one Kabupaten of the facilitatrors Dept. Settlemnet and Regional sion with their own superiors. are housed in the office of Bappeda. The Infrastructures, Dept. Health, and latter was placed in the office of Public Dept. Finance) working group Regional level workshops Works. chaired by Bappenas, with a majori- Workshop after workshop took place Beside the abovementioned support, ty grant fund provided by the Aus- in the seven provinces and seven kabu- the regional government also allocated tralian government through AusAID patens. The purpose was to help the fund for the policy implementation. and a direct support from Water and regions to work out a regional policy However, in the majority of the regions Sanitation Program for East Asia and famework and action plan for WSS sector the Pacific (WSP-EAP) on behalf of the fund was not yet made available, the- development. This activity included: AusAID and the World Bank refore it had to be found from the annual Review of the national policy for commu- budget. The regions that had allocated nity based WSS development by the re- some fund from the very beginning were participating regions gave a positive gions kabupatens Sijunjung, Gorontalo, Bangka response to the work plan and began to Identification of issues and problems Selatan and West Lombok. understand that sustainable WSS deve- related to said development Meanwhile, the facilitator identified the lopment is an important issue and deser- Study on the factors rensponsible for suc- agencies and NGOs related to WSS develop- ves serious attention. The short term cess and failure of WSS development in ment. The identification produced a list of agenda consisted of among others esta- each region names for participation in Orientation TOT blishment of a working team, selection of Policy dialogues for the purpose of buil- on MPA and Policy Implementation participants for Orientation TOT in MPA ding interest and care within the various organinized by WSS Working Group at and Policy Implementation. parties for the effort in overcoming the Cisarua, Bogor, on 13-16 July 2004. Other matters that called for clarifica- issues and poblems related to WSS deve- The regional facilitators and stake- tion from the facilitors were: lopment holders also collected data on water sup- There was some sort of misunderstan- Preparation regional level action plan ply and environmental sanitation. These ding that this program would be fol- Disemination of the policy to all kabu- data were used for discussion material in lowed with a physical project. This patens conducted by the province. the regional workshop for the formulation understanding was based on the tra- Up to this point all the participating of WSS development plan. All the regions dition that each program was always provinces and kabupatens have conduct- came to realize about the problem of data identical with physical project. ed the review of the policy principles insufficiency. That is why, data prepara- The absence of DPRD (legislative) repre- involving a wide range of stakeholders, tion should be given a sufficient time sentatives. Whereas this office plays an through regional workshops, and were frame. utmost important role in supporting and summarized into a common perception, following up the WSS activities. challenges and efforts to be undertaken. Program presentation Uncertainty in fund allocation in seve- Visits were also made to projects which The presentation agenda consisted of: ral regions such as Central Java, West are considerd successful as also to those (i) general picture of policy formulation Sumatera, NTB, Gorontalo and South which met with a failure in order to find out program; (ii) the basic principles underly- Sulawesi. what are the factors behind each of them and ing the national policy for community to learn a lesson from them for a sustainable based WSS development; (iii) policy MPA Orientation TOT and Policy development in the future. What is more implementation facilitation process at the Implementation important is several regions have started to regional level; (iv) discussion and clarifi- All participating regions sent partici- ponder on WSS program for 2005. Will the cation; and (v) common agreement for a pants, Banten even sent one and Goron- policy be really put to practice? We'll wait short term work plan. In general all the talo two additional participants than they till next year. (MJ) 14 Percik December 2004