1. OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
GROUP I
4th
Year

2. OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

3. GROUP ONE YEAR FOUR
 ABURA FRANCIS
 NAMUGABO JACQUELINE SARAH
 AWOII BOB WILLY
 KICONCO JUSTINE
 KIYUBA BETTY BEATRICE
 KABOGOZA MAURICE
 WASSWA JOHN HANS

4. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Global trends
 National trends
 National relevant legislation and policies
 Occupational health and safety issues/hazards
 Environmental concerns/impact/stressors (if any)
 Impact on the workers/general
population/communities
 Mitigation measures in place
 Recommendations

5. INTRODUCTION
 The oil and gas industry globally provides the world’s
7.05 billion population with 55% of their daily energy
needs.
 The 45% comes from coal, nuclear, hydroelectric
power, biomass products( e.g. firewood) solar and wind
power.
 The oil and gas industry forms part of the Energy
industry

6. GLOBAL TRENDS
WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION….

7. NATIONAL TRENDS
History and Development of Oil & Gas in
Uganda
 The discovery of oil in Uganda dates as back as the
1920s after documentation of the presence of
hydrocarbons in the Albertine and Graben regions by
British geologist E.J. Wayland.
 But due to world war II in the 1940s and the political
turmoil that engulfed Uganda shortly after
independence, there has been little stability to
facilitate full exploration and production of the oil.
 The Albertine is located in western Uganda, covering
the districts of Masindi, Kibale, and Hoima.

8. NATIONAL TRENDS….
 The Graben, forms the northernmost part of the
western arm of the East African Rift Valley, is
situated along the Ugandan-Congolese border,
and stretches northward to Uganda’s border with
South Sudan.
 The Albertine Graben region is estimated to hold
more than 6 billion barrels of oil, expected to
produce approximately 100,000 barrels of oil per
day (for approx. 200 yrs), placing Uganda among
the foremost African oil producers.

10. NATIONAL RELEVANT
LEGISLATION AND POLICIES
 Oil extraction developments have necessitated
putting in place a number of legislations and
policies in order to meet and protect all the
interests of the local population, government,
investors and preservation of the environment.

11. NATIONAL RELEVANT
LEGISLATION AND POLICIES….
Constitution of Uganda (1995)
o Article 244 of the Constitution provides that parliament
shall enact laws regulating the exploitation and
development of minerals.
o Exploitation shall take into account the interests of
individual land owners, local governments, and the central
government.
o The constitution further states that all minerals are held
by the government on behalf of the people of Uganda.

12. OIL LAWS AND POLICIES..
 Petroleum Laws and Policies
o The National Oil and Gas Policy for Uganda, 2008
o The Oil and Gas Revenue Management Policy, 2012
o Petroleum (Exploration, Development and Production) Bill,
2012
o Petroleum (Refining, Gas Processing and Conversion,
Transportation and Storage) Bill, 2012
o Public Finance Bill, 2012
o Uganda Mining Act 2003

13. THE NATIONAL OIL AND GAS
POLICY FOR UGANDA, 2008
 Goal and Objectives of the Policy
The goal of the National Oil and Gas Policy is to “use the
country’s oil and gas resources to contribute to early
achievement of poverty eradication and create
lasting value to society”.
 The objectives of the Policy are;
a) To establish and efficiently manage the country’s oil and
gas resource potential.
b) To ensure collection of the right revenues and use them
to create lasting value for the entire nation.
c) To efficiently produce the country’s oil and gas resources.
d) To promote valuable utilization of the country’s oil and
gas resources.

14. THE NATIONAL OIL AND GAS POLICY
FOR UGANDA, 2008…
e) To ensure optimum national participation in oil and gas
activities.
f) To ensure efficiency in licensing areas with potential for
oil and gas production in the country.
g) To promote the development of suitable transport and
storage solutions which give good value to the country’s oil
and gas resources.
h) To support the development and maintenance of
national skills and expertise.
i) To ensure that oil and gas activities are undertaken in a
manner that conserves the environment and biodiversity

15. THE PETROLEUM BILLS 2012
The two Bills are-
1. The Petroleum (Exploration, Development and
Production) Bill, 2012 and
2. The Petroleum (Refining, Gas Processing,
Conversion, Transportation and Storage) Bill, 2012.
Objectives
 to regulate petroleum exploration, development and
production;
 to establish the Petroleum Authority of Uganda;
 to regulate the licensing and participation of commercial
entities in petroleum activities;

16. THE PETROLEUM BILLS 2012 …
 to create a conducive environment for the promotion and
exploration of Uganda's petroleum potential;
 to provide for efficient and safe petroleum activities;
 to provide for the cessation of petroleum activities and
decommissioning of infrastructure;
 to provide for the payment arising from petroleum
activities;
 to provide for the conditions for the restoration of
abandoned lands after oil exploration;
 to provide for an open, transparent and competitive process
of licensing.

17. PUBLIC FINANCE BILL, 2012
o Goal
Public Finance Bill 2012 seeks ‘’to regulate revenue
management in the oil sector.’’
o Objectives
o To ensure that oil revenues contribute to Ugandan
development and that Uganda escapes the problems faced
by so many other resource-rich countries.
o To ensure that Parliament’s oversight on oil revenue
activities is strengthened.
o Note: Provided this bill is well managed, reports explain
that this could position Uganda to accelerate growth and
reduce petroleum import costs, currently at around $600
million annually.

18. THE OIL AND GAS REVENUE MANAGEMENT
POLICY, 2012
Goal
o To ensure the highest standards of transparency and
accountability in the management of oil and gas revenues
through giving institutional and governance structures to
be used to achieve this.
o the policy provides for a mechanism for the sharing of
royalty revenues with the local governments within the oil
producing region.

19. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES
Oil and Gas operations have the potential for a variety of
negative impacts on the environment, so a number of laws
and policies had to be put in place.
o The National Environment Act
o The National Environment Management Policy for Uganda
o The National Wildlife Regulations
o The National Environment (Environmental Impact
Assessment) Regulations
o The National Environment (Waste Management)
Regulations
o The National Environment (Audit) Regulations

20. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES….
The National Environment Act, Cap. 153, 1995
 The National Environment Act is a framework law on
environment and establishes the National Environment
Management Authority (NEMA) as the overall body, charged
with the management of environmental issues and provides for
sustainable management of the environment.
Objectives
 The Act provides for environmental monitoring and impact
assessment; environmental audit; environmental restoration
orders and improvement notices; environmental easements;
environmental performance bonds; licensing and standard
setting; use of economic and social incentives; civil and penal
sanctions, including community service, among others.

21. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND
POLICIES….
The National Environment Management
Policy for Uganda
Objectives
 Ensures that Oil exploration activities are closely
monitored to ensure compliance with mitigation measures
and their effectiveness, approval conditions and any other
issues of concern that were not anticipated at the time of
approval but become significant during implementation.

22. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND
POLICIES….
Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA)
Objective
 UWA ensures that oil exploration activities in
protected areas such as Queen Elizabeth and
Murchison Falls National parks are carried out
in a responsible manner.

23. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES….
Regulatory Bodies
 National Environment Management Authority - NEMA,
 Directorate of Water Resource Management - DWRM,
 National Forestry Authority - NFA,
 Petroleum Exploration and Production Department -
PEPD,
 Uganda Wildlife Authority - UWA,
 Fisheries Resources Department - FRD,
 Directorate of Environmental Affairs - DEA
 District Environmental Officers – DEOs

24. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY ISSUES/HAZARDS
1. Air pollution – Hydrogen sulphide and other air
emissions. exposure to these regular emissions these
people suffers from chronic sinus infections, headaches,
dizziness, nosebleeds, red and burning eyes, cancerous
tumours, and body perspirations having an odour of
sulphur.
2. Waste and by-product disposal
a) Risks of produced water include;
o potential contamination of stream and groundwater
sources
o potential contamination of fish or other organisms in
the food chain.

25. CONT’D…
b) Pits
 These are open earthen deep holes where toxic
chemicals such as runoffs from operations are
disposed.
 The risk currently exists that animals and
children may access pits, or that pits may be
left in an unclean state - for years after
production.

26. CONT…
3.Operational hazards – contamination, subsurface
disturbance and vibration
4. Noise – increased noise, hearing and stress
5. Accidents – Equipment and pipelines, tampering

27. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS…
1. Acoustics (Noise)
2. Poor Air Quality-Excess increases in dust
could decrease forage palatability for wildlife and
livestock and increase the potential for dust
pneumonia.
3. Cultural Resources
o Destruction of cultural resources in areas
undergoing surface disturbance. e.g. sacred
landscapes, historic burial grounds

28. CONT’D….
 4. Ecological Resources causes potential for the
introduction of invasive or noxious weeds. Depletion of
surface waters from perennial streams could result in a
reduction of water flow, which could lead to habitat loss
and/or degradation for aquatic species.
 5. Environmental Justice noise, dust, visual
impacts, habitat destruction and evictions could have an
adverse affect on traditional tribal life ways, religious and
cultural sites.
 6. Hazardous Materials and Waste
Management for example solids, produced water,
drilling and industrial waste

29. CONT’D…
7. Socioeconomics Drilling/development phase
activities would contribute to the local economy by
providing employment opportunities, monies to local
contractors, and recycled revenues through the local
economy
8. Soils and Geologic Resources Potential impacts
to soils during the drilling/development phase would
occur as a result of :
a. Removal of vegetation,
b. Mixing of soil horizons ,
c. Soil compaction,
d. Increased susceptibility of the soils to wind and water
erosion,
e. Contamination of soils with petroleum products

30. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS…
9. Transportation
 Development of an oil and gas field would result in the
need to construct and/or improve access roads and would
result in an increase in industrial traffic (e.g., hundreds of
truck loads or more per well site).
 Increased traffic would also result in a potential for
increased accidents within the project area.
10. Water Resources (Surface Water and
Groundwater)
Impacts to water resources could occur due to water quality
degradation from increases in ; turbidity, sedimentation,
and salinity.spills,cross-aquifer mixing and water quantity
depletion.

31. CONT’D
Water quality can also be affected by:
 Activities that cause soil erosion or dust that can be
washed into water bodies;
 Weathering of newly exposed soils, causing leaching and
oxidation that can release chemicals into the water;
 Discharges of waste or sanitary water;
 Use of herbicide and dust suppressants (e.g., magnesium
chloride); and
 Contaminant spills.

32. MITIGATION MEASURES IN PLACE
Acoustics (Noise) Mitigation Measures
 Limit noisy activities to the least noise-sensitive
times of day (weekdays only between 7 a.m. and
10 p.m.).
 Whenever feasible, schedule different noisy
activities (e.g., blasting and earthmoving) to
occur at the same time, since additional sources
of noise generally do not add a significant
amount of noise. All equipment should have
sound-control devices.
 Notify the residents of the timings
 Heavy trucks should have alternative routes
from residents

33. AIR QUALITY MITIGATION
MEASURES
 Use dust abatement techniques on unpaved,
unvegetated surfaces to minimize airborne dust
 Post and enforce speed limits to reduce airborne
fugitive dust caused by vehicular traffic.
 Revegetate disturbed areas as soon as possible
after disturbance.
 Conduct slash burning , if necessary, in
compliance with open burning permit
requirements.

34. AIR QUALITY MITIGATION…
 Cover construction materials and stockpiled soils
if they are a source of fugitive dust.
 Train workers to handle construction materials
and debris during construction and
dismantlement to reduce fugitive emissions.
 Keep soil moist while loading into dump trucks.
 Keep soil loads below the freeboard of the truck.
 Minimize drop heights when loaders dump soil
into trucks.
 Tighten gate seals on dump trucks.
 Cover dump trucks before traveling on public
roads

35. ECOLOGICAL MITIGATION
MEASURES
Mitigation measures to avoid or reduce
ecological impacts from oil and gas
production.
 Educate workers regarding the occurrence of
important resources in the area and the
importance of their protection, including the
appropriate regulatory requirements.
 Schedule activities to avoid disturbance of
resources during critical periods of the day
 Avoid the spread of invasive nonnative plants by
keeping vehicles and equipment clean and
reseeding disturbed areas with native plants.

36. CULTURAL RESOURCES
MITIGATION MEASURES
 Educate workers and the public on the
consequences of unauthorized collection of
artifacts.
 During all phases of the project, keep equipment
and vehicles within the limits of the initially
disturbed areas.
 Prepare a cultural resources management plan, if
cultural resources are present in the area of
potential effect or if areas with a high potential
to contain cultural material have been identified.
 Use existing roads to the maximum extent
feasible to avoid additional surface disturbance.

37. CULTURAL RESOURCES
MITIGATION…
 Avoid the spread of invasive nonnative plants by
keeping vehicles and equipment clean and
reseeding disturbed areas with native plants.
 Limit herbicide use to non persistent, immobile
herbicides and apply in accordance with label
and application permit directions and
stipulations for terrestrial and aquatic
applications.
 Apply spill prevention practices and response
actions in refueling and vehicle-use areas to
minimize accidental contamination of habitats.
 Turn off all unnecessary lighting at night to
avoid attracting migratory birds.

38. CULTURAL RESOURCES MITIGATION…
 Apply erosion controls. Apply practices such as
jute netting, silt fences near disturbed areas.
 Reclaim all areas of disturbed soil using weed-
free native grasses, and shrubs. Undertake
reclamation activities as early as possible on
disturbed areas.
 Use dust abatement techniques on unpaved,
unvegetated surfaces to minimize airborne dust.
 Regularly monitor the well pads, access roads,
and other facilities for invasive nonnative plant
species establishment. Initiate control measures
immediately upon evidence of invasive species
introduction or spread.

39. CULTURAL RESOURCES
MITIGATION…
 Address spills immediately per the appropriate
spill management plan, and initiate soil cleanup
and soil removal if needed.

40. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND
WASTE MANAGEMENT
MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation measures to avoid or reduce
impacts from hazardous materials and
waste management associated with oil and
gas production.
 Prepare a comprehensive list of all hazardous
materials to be used, stored, transported, or
disposed of during all phases of activity.
 Develop a hazardous materials management plan
addressing storage, use, transportation, and
disposal (interim and final) for each item in the
comprehensive list. The plan should identify
specifics regarding disposal response.

41. CONT’D
 Develop a waste management plan identifying
anticipated solid and liquid waste streams and
addressing determination, inspection and waste
minimization procedures, storage locations, and
waste-specific management and disposal
requirements. Include a recycling strategy to be
practiced by workers during all project phases.
 Develop a spill prevention and response plan for
addressing storage locations of hazardous
wastes , spill prevention measures, training
requirements, waste-specific spill response
actions, spill response kits, and notifications to
authorities.

42. CONT’D
 Implement plans for hazardous materials
management, waste management, spill
prevention and response, stormwater
management, and pesticide management. Train
employees to promptly contain, report, and/or
clean up any oil or hazardous material spill.
 Provide secondary containment for all on-site
hazardous materials and waste storage,
including fuel. (Fuels storage should be a
temporary activity and fuel storage facilities
should be removed immediately upon completion
of the construction)

43. CONT’D…
 Containerize and periodically remove wastes for
disposal at appropriate off-site permitted
disposal facilities. The goal would be to minimize
the amount of hazardous materials and waste
onsite.
 Document accidental releases as to cause,
corrective actions taken, and resulting
environmental or health and safety impacts.

44. HEALTH AND SAFETY
MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation measures to avoid or reduce
health and safety impacts from oil and gas
production.
 Conduct a safety assessment to describe potential safety
issues (site access, construction, work practices, hazardous
materials , security, transportation of heavy equipment,
traffic management, emergency procedures, wildlife
encounters, and fire control and management) and
measures to mitigate them.
 Develop and implement a health and safety program for
workers and the public, addressing all of the safety issues
identified in the assessment and all applicable safety
standards.

45. CONT’D
 Consult with local planning authorities regarding
traffic and traffic hazards. Address specific issues
(e.g., school bus routes and stops) in a traffic
management plan or in the health and safety
program.
 Follow the health and safety program.
 Use appropriate procedures for storage and
transportation of blasting equipment and
explosive materials, including appropriate
signage indicating their location.

46. RESOURCES (INCLUDING
SEISMICITY AND GEO HAZARDS)
MITIGATION MEASURES
 Reclaim or apply protective covering on disturbed
soils as quickly as possible.
 Apply erosion controls to prevent/minimize soil
erosion from vehicular traffic and during
drilling/development activities (e.g., jute netting,
silt fences).
 Maintain vegetative cover to prevent erosion and
periodically monitor to assess erosion.
 Clean and maintain drainage ditches regularly.
 During all phases of the project, keep equipment
and vehicles within the limits of the initially
disturbed areas.

47. CONT’D
 In areas of potential wind erosion, apply gravel to
access road surfaces.

48. WATER RESOURCES
MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation measures to avoid or reduce
water resource impacts from oil and gas
production
 Apply erosion controls relative to possible soil erosion from
vehicular traffic and during construction activities (e.g.,
jute netting, silt fences).
 Regularly monitor access roads, and other project areas for
indications of erosion.
 Use dust suppression techniques to minimize impacts of
vehicular traffic and wind on roads and exposed soils.
 Reclaim or apply protective covering (e.g., vegetative cover)
on disturbed soils as quickly as possible.

49. WATER RESOURCES
MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation measures to avoid or reduce
water resource impacts from oil and gas
production
 Apply erosion controls relative to possible soil erosion from
vehicular traffic and during construction activities (e.g.,
jute netting, silt fences).
 Regularly monitor access roads, and other project areas for
indications of erosion.
 Use dust suppression techniques to minimize impacts of
vehicular traffic and wind on roads and exposed soils.
 Reclaim or apply protective covering (e.g., vegetative cover)
on disturbed soils as quickly as possible.

50. CONT’D
 Clean and maintain drainage ditches regularly.
 Refuel in a designated fueling area to limit the spread of
any spill.
 Use drip pans during refueling to contain accidental
releases and under fuel pump and valve mechanisms of
any bulk fueling vehicles parked at the project site.
 Limit pesticide use to nonpersistent pesticides .

51. SOILS AND GEOLOGICAL
RESOURCES MITIGATION
MEASURES
Mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impacts on
soils and geological resources from oil and gas
production.
 Identify and avoid areas with unstable slopes and local
factors that can cause slope instability (groundwater
conditions, precipitation, slope angles).
 Minimize the amount of land disturbed as much as
possible. Use existing roads, disturbed areas. Minimize
vegetation removal.
 Place access roads to follow natural topography , and
avoid or minimize side hill cuts. Design roads with
eventual reclamation in mind.

52. CONT’D
 Design runoff control features to minimize soil erosion.
 Construct drainage ditches only where necessary. Use
appropriate structures at culvert outlets to prevent
erosion.
 Use special construction techniques in areas of steep
slopes, erodible soils, and stream crossings.

53. 53
Unique Hazards/impacts to the
Oil and Gas industry workers
Catheads
Poor Machine Guarding
Rotary Tables
High Pressure Hoses
Gases
Falls
Slipping Tripping

54. CAN YOU FIND THE HAZARD(S)?
54
11
22
33
44

55. 55
Is there a Hazard?

56. 56
Is there a Hazard?

57. 57
How about this? See any
problems with this?

58. 58
Cathead = Pinch Point

59. 78

60. 75
Stabbing a joint, prior to make-up.
Note spinning chain, position of
arm and hand ??

61. 61
Racking Pipe – Strains-Sprains, Caught Between etc….

62. 62
TONGS – SPINNING CHAIN
Cut off fingers, thumbs
Smashed fingers, hands etc
TEAM WORK !!
Be a Team,
Work Together
Watch out for each other

63. 63
This happens on
a daily basis.
Yes, its just a picture, but what if
it was YOUR hand.
Could you work again? What
could you do? Play with your
kids, on your computer,
drive????

64. HEALTH AND SAFETY
RECOMMENDATIONS
More than 90 % of all accidents are avoidable, being
caused by human error rather than by mechanical failure.
It is extremely important that every person on a drilling
rig develop a sense of safety in drilling operations.
o Employee orientation/training
The orientation is to help acquaint those personnel with
oilfield safety rules, regulations and/or procedures,
particular to this company
o Educational activities
o Employee meetings
o Inspections
o Accident reporting
o Safety responsibilities

65. CONT’D
Hazard recognition
-Identify unsafe acts and conditions
-Determine the corrective actions
-Implement corrective action
-is there a danger of striking against, being struck by, or
making contact with an object?
-Are rotating equipment ,Nip points such as a belt, sheave,
chain, gear or other projections exposed?
-Is the hand/arm in contact with moving parts at the point
of operation?
- Are machine controls safely guarded?
- Do machines vibrate, move, or walk while in operation?

66. CONT’D
 Machines/equipment receive regular maintenance?
 Work area well illuminated
 Ventilation adequate
 Room for maintenance operations?
 Never exceed design load
 Inspect elevators, latches, latch locks, pins, springs; replace
if worn/damaged
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Fire Protection
 Equipment
 Welding Fumes and Ventilation