The document discusses open government and open data initiatives in Berlin, Germany. It describes three key pillars of open government: increasing transparency through open data, improving citizen participation through tools like ePetitions, and enabling open collaboration between government, businesses, and citizens. It then provides details on Berlin's open data process, including a citizen survey, roundtable meetings, an app contest, and the development of an open data portal and study. The document emphasizes how open data can benefit smart cities when made available to developers and the public.

1. Open Government and Open Data
Experiences by the Fraunhofer Institute for Open
Communication Systems in Berlin
Lena-Sophie Müller | 10-29-2012 | Smart City Exhibition 2012 | Bologna, Italy

3. Quelle: Flickr / leralle [1b]

4. Political-Administrative System
Comprehensibility | Participation | Cooperation
Demands
political-
Outputs
Inputs
Decisions
administrative
Support system Actions
(black box)
Environment / Environment/
Society Society

5. 3 Pillars of Open Government
increase enable open
transparency improve open
collaboration
participation
(accountability) (co-working)

6. Transparency:
Open Data
Providing public data for further use by all
motivation
• transparency and accountability
• economic use
core elements
• machine-readable
• freely licensed
• open standards
• free of charge
• easy / central access

7. • Participation of citizens in political
decision making
• eParticipation:
• Web 2.0 tools facilitate Participation
collaboration and channel opinion
formation
• Examples:
• Bundestag: ePetitions
• Adhocracy and Liquid Feedback
• Open participatory budget
Source: Flickr / Anna Lena Schiller

8. Collaboration
Public bodies, private sector and civil society
work together to solve specific tasks and
problems
Examples
• App contests (Apps for Germany)
• Crowd-funding, public loans
• Placement of voluntary activity
Source: flickr /
michaelcardus

9. Open Data in a smart city
a brief introduction

10. Open Data
Open Government Data as resource for intelligent cities
GPS‐Naviga+on from
Skobbler
London Tube Status from
M Barclay
Source: Graudenz, D., Klessmann, J., Schulz S., et al., “Vom Open Government zur Digitalen Agora - Die Zukunft offener
Interaktionen und sozialer Netzwerke im Zusammenspiel von Politik, Verwaltung, Bürgern und Wirtschaft” (ISPRAT, 2010).

11. General Setup and Actors
Citizens / Public authorities / Companies
Users
Commercial
Parking space management
Public
Public Transit time tables
Reports about potholes
applications applications
Pollutant reports
Trade structure
Public Events
Applications and
value-added services
Data-as-a- Other Data
Private Daten
Service
Commercial Data
(DaaS) Kommerzielle Daten
Data and platform services
Public Data
Öffentliche Daten
Sensorische Daten
Sensor Data
Open Government Data Platform
Infrastructure
Government Agencies
11

12. Open Data – how to get there?
Berlin Open Data Process

13. Specific features of the State of Berlin
relevant to the local Open Data Process
▪ Largest city in Germany
▪ Vibrant community of developers
▪ Many public sector bodies from
national, state and local level
▪ Community of civil society organisations concerned
with transparency and participation in the public sector
▪ Dedicated individuals in local civil society and public sector

14. Stakeholders in the Open Data process in the State of Berlin
Public Sector organisations Civil Society Organisations
▪ Berlin Senate for Economics, Technology ▪ Government 2.0 Network Germany
and Research
▪ Open Data Network
▪ Berlin Senate for the Interior ▪ Open Knowledge Foundation, German
Chapter
▪ Berlin - Brandenburg Statistical Office
▪ Wikimedia
Research Organisations Private Sector Companies
▪ Fraunhofer FOKUS ▪ Opiz Consulting
▪ FU Berlin ▪ Oracle Germany
Leading the effort Supporting the effort Observing the effort

15. Components of the Berlin Open Data Process
▪ Survey about users „data needs“
▪ Regular round table with stakeholders from
administration, civil society, science and industry
▪ Local Application Development Competition
▪ Berlin Open Data Day with local showcases
▪ Berlin Open Data Agenda
▪ Development of Open Data study and portal by FOKUS

16. Data user survey
▪ Online Survey conducted by Favorites
the Berlin Senate for 40
Economics, Technology and 35
Research 30
25
3
Voting %
▪ 20 categories for Public Data 20 2
1
15
▪ About 1300 participants
10
5
0
Planning Admin. Pollution Controls Infrastructure Citizen
Topics

17. Berlin Open Data Roundtable
▪ Start of informal roundtable meetings in fall 2010
▪ Meetings every 4-8 weeks
▪ Open to everyone
▪ Joint preparation and realisation of
– Berlin Open Data Agenda
– Berlin Open Data Day
▪ Planned further activities
– Contact point for questions concerning Open Data
– Providing written expert statements concerning i.e. Open Data Strategy
– Carrying out topic-specific workshops: OD & traffic, OD & environment
– Supporting public authority workshops

18. Application Development Contest
▪ Berlin Apps contest
▪ Conducted by Berlin Senate for Economics,
Technology and Women
▪ 72 Proposals
▪ Jury elected four main winners
– bePart: City development information application
– Green thumb: Environmental application
– Multilingual learning and information assistant
– Wheelmap: Informing about the barrier free city
▪ Audience Award with 5.700 votes
▪ Ceremony on 24.02.2011
▪ Special Berlin Award within national German
Apps4Deutschland competition in March 2012

19. Berlin Open Data Day (BODDY), May 2011 and June 2012
▪ Event targeted specifically toward Berlin
civil servants
▪ Organized by stakeholders from the
regulars table
▪ Took place in the Berlin Senate facilities
▪ Gained high level support by Senator Wolf
(Senate for Economics) and IT-State
Secretary Freise (Senate for the Interior)
▪ 120 participants, many from the Berlin
public administration
▪ Agenda: Introduction to OGD, exhibition of
existing local OD activities
▪ Next BODDy: Mid 2013

20. Berlin Open Data Agenda
▪ Development of an informal agenda as
guideline for future public sector
actions
▪ Created by the involved stakeholders
▪ In part local adaptation of Open Data
Principles by the Sunlight Foundation
▪ Document assists explaning OD,
marketing and gaining more support
http://berlin.opendataday.de/agenda/

21. Berlin Open Data Study
▪ Runtime 10.2010 - 12.2011 (including pre-study)
▪ Objective: Analysis of existing conditions and
development of general concept and technical
architecture/pilot
▪ Carried out by interdisciplinary research team
▪ Work packages
– Analysis of current organisational
and framework conditions
– Architecture and pilot development
– Legal analysis
– Business model analysis
– Recommendations
▪ English summary:
http://epsiplatform.eu/content/berlin-open-data-strategy-0

22. Berlin Open Data Portal
Making Open Data Real
• http://daten.berlin.de
Launched Sept. 14, 2011
• Initiated by Senate of Berlin:
Department for Economy,
Technology and Women
• Planned by FOKUS
• Realized by BerlinOnline and
FOKUS
• Data sets on statistics,
environment, business, etc.
• Using free licenses
(CC-BY and ODC-BY)
• English summary at:
http://epsiplatform.eu/content/
berlin-open-data-strategy-0

23. Open Data Apps Showcases (Sept. 2011)
Berlin Ozon Sonar
ozon.sonar1.mobi/berlin/

24. Open Data Apps Showcases (July 2012)
Berlin Swimming Places - Water Quality
www.datenjournalist.de/
badestellen-in-berlin-mit-open-data-
kartiert/

25. Political commitment
▪ National government programmes announce pursuing more transparency
through Open Data
▪ Political programme of current Berlin state government:
▪ The coalition will continue and expand the Open Data Initiative of the
State of Berlin. Herefore the coalition will support the examination of
opening up government data, while respecting data privacy (p. 94).
▪ Commitment to Open Data by top political figures in Berlin at Berlin Open
Data Day, portal launch and presentation of Open Data study
Source: SPD Berlin, & CDU Berlin (Eds.). (2011). Koalitionsvereinbarung. Vorlage für die Beratung des Landesparteitages der SPD am 21. November 2011.
Retrieved from http://www.tagesspiegel.de/downloads/5859422/1/Koalitionsvereinbarung%20zwischen%20SPD%20und%20CDU

26. FOKUS Technology
Open Data Platform
• Two parts:
• Portal in Drupal CMS (Frontend)
• Register in Comprehensive
Knowledge Archive Network
(CKAN Backoffice)
• Based on urban metadata scheme
• Federation support
• Respects administrative
hierarchies
• Enables publication on German
or European level
(already on offenedaten.de)

27. Current Development in Germany
A nationwide Open Government Platform

28. Open Government Data Germany
National Study and Portal
• Priority Project of IT-Planungsrat
• Collaboration with Bund and Länder
• Strategic, legal, organizational, technological
aspects
• Study published: July 2012
• currently:
Development of a prototype by Fraunhofer
FOKUS by 2013
• Available online: http://s.fhg.de/ogdd-
shortversion

29. Open-government platform for Germany from the bird perspective
Data provider
Data provider Data user
Data provider
Quelle: Klessmann et al. 2012, p. 80
29

30. Ongoing: Open Government Platform Germany
▪ On state, country and
regional level
▪ Integrating domain-
specific data offers
▪ Prototype development
in 2012
▪ Pilot for 2013

31. Select FOKUS Open Data Activities
▪ Open Cities Project (EU, CIP Programme)
hEp://openci+es.net
– open innovation management in the public sector
– Open Data Platform together with Amsterdam,
Barcelona, Bologna, Helsinki, Paris, Rome
▪ EU ENGAGE - Infrastructure for Open, Linked Governmental
Data Provision towards Research Communities http://www.engage-
project.eu/
and Citizens
▪ Further EU projects relevant to Open Data:
– iCity
– Commons4Europe

32. Open Government
increase enable open
transparency improve open
collaboration
participation
(accountability) (co-working)
participation / openness (opportunities / benefits)
technical / organizational complexity (challenges / risks)

33. Layers of activies
Strategy and politics
Legal
Organization / processes
Technology
Change Management

34. twitter.com/fraunhoferfokus
twitter.com/lsmueller
facebook.com/fraunhoferfokus
facebook.com/mueller.lenasophie
xing.com/profile/LenaSophie_Mueller