Nations are constantly seeking cheap, clean, climate friendly and sustainable energy sources. This desire has led to greater focus on bioenergy to meet the energy needs of such countries.
As a result, bio-energy crops are grown for biomass which is a veritable source of renewable energy in the world of today. Such realizations have led to the proliferation of bio-gas power plants that are required for bio-energy production.
However, this quest for bio-energy has altered land use and
led to competition for available arable land, which is also required for food production. Such concerns have led to an ongoing “food or fuel” debate in the world including Germany.
The competing use o f silage maize, both as cattle feed and input into such bio-gas plants is examined using GIS
(Geographic Information System) techniques. Consequently, a model is designed that determines the effects of silage maize on electricity generation and its impact on the land use pattern, which are applicable within this study area or any area of interest.
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production
1. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation
for
Biomass Energy Production
By
Olusegun Osifuye
2. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation
for
Biomass Energy Production
By
Olusegun Osifuye
INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGY ANALYSES PROJECTIONS
3. INTRODUCTION
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 3
ARABLE LAND
• Alternate sources of energy
• Biomass for Bio-energy
• “Food or Fuel” debate
• Effect on biodiversity
• Silage Maize feedstock
4. INTRODUCTION
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 4
• Alternate sources of energy
• Biomass for Bio-energy
• “Food or Fuel” debate
• Effect on biodiversity
• Silage Maize feedstock
5. INTRODUCTION
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 5
Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart
OR
• Alternate sources of energy
• Biomass for Bio-energy
• “Food or Fuel” debate
• Effect on biodiversity
• Silage Maize feedstock
6. INTRODUCTION
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 6
Biogas Power Plant
Source: Martina Nolte (http://www.manderfeld-entsorgung-agrar.de/duengemittel/html)
Source: http://oklahomafarmreport.com/wire/news/2011/09/02270_FSABiomassProg09152011_092754.php
•The role of biogas power
plants
•Silage maize as biogas plant
feedstock
7. INTRODUCTION
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 7
How does a biogas
plant work?
Source: http://www.weltec-biopower.com/How-does-a-biogas-plant-work.1080.0.html
INPUT FEEDSTOCK
8. OBJECTIVES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 8
• To develop a model that calculates the silage maize hectares
in the study area (also applicable to any region) based on a set
of assumptions.
• To quantify the effect of silage maize cultivation on bio-energy
production for the study area.
• To predict and visualize different land use scenarios based on
Several Factors .
9. METHODOLOGY
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 9
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
Availability
Map
10. METHODOLOGY
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 10
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
FLOW CHART
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
Availability
Map
11. METHODOLOGY
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 11
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
Availability
Map
13. METHODOLOGY
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 13
STUDY AREA
Schwarzwald-Baar Kreis
•One of 44 counties (Kreis)
•2012 Population 204585
•Total Area of 102526 hectares
•As at 2012 41 Biogas power plants
14. METHODOLOGY
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 14
ArcGIS 10.1 Software
Statistical Administrative Data :
•Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg
(Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg)
•State Institute for Development of Agriculture and rural areas
[Landesanstalt für Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft und der ländlichen Räume (LEL)]
SOFTWARE / DATA SOURCES
Base Maps
•District Office of the Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
(Landratsamt Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis).
CORINE Land Use Data from European Environmental Agency
European Soil Database
Several Datasets from:
http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/data/_Datarequest/ESDB_RasterLibrary.html
25m Raster Digital Elevation Model
15. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 15
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
Availability
Map
16. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 16
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
SUITABILITY FACTORS
5.0 ≤ pH ≤ 8.5
Soil without Stones
< 750 m
Low Slope (< 20% )
17. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 17
Reclassification
CLASS SUITABILITY
1 LEAST SUITABLE
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 MOST SUITABLE
18. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 18
pH
Stone Volume
Elevation
Slope
Soil
Characteristics
Terrain
Characteristics
19. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 19
Silage Maize Suitability Map
•Suitability grouped from least
suitable to most suitable.
•Identifies area with best
suitability based on natural
conditions.
20. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 20
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Land Use
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
21. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 21
Available Area
Which Land Area is Available?
Forests 46956 hectares
Agricultural land 42650 hectares
Settlement 11790 hectares
Water body 615 hectares
22. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 22
Available Area
Which Land Area is Available?
Agricultural land 42650 hectares
23. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 23
Available Area
Ban on Pastures from December 2011 till December 2015
Agricultural land 42650 hectares
Pasture about 27000 ha
Other Uses about 15650 ha
24. Agricultural land 42650 hectares
ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 24
Agricultural Areas (No Pasture)
Ban on Pastures from December 2011 till December 2015
Other Uses 15650
25. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 25
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
ANALYSES
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
Availability
Map
26. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 26
Available and Suitable
Silage Maize Area
• 11134 hectares
• Represents silage maize
agricultural areas both suitable
and available
Silage Maize Area
Municipality Boundary
27. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 27
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
ANALYSES
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
Availability
Map
28. ANALYSES
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 28
32 Biogas Power Plant Locations
• 32 biogas plants
• Effect on the derived suitable and
available silage maize area
Silage Maize Area
Municipality Boundary
Biogas Power Plant
29. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 29
Biogas Plant Buffer
ANALYSES
•1.6 km Buffer around all 32
biogas power plants.
•Dissolved buffer is intersected
with suitability map
30. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 30
Terrain
Elevation
Slope
Soil
PH
Stone Volume
Suitability
Map
‘Silage Maize Area’ Map
Biogas Power
Plant Buffer
FLOW CHART
ANALYSES
‘Estimated Total Silage Maize’ Map
Availability
Map
31. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 31
Ecological Total Silage Maize
(ETSM)
5524 Hectares
What does this value mean?
ANALYSES
32. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 32
Estimated Total Silage Maize
for Biogas Power Plants
Not All Silage Maize used as Feedstock for Biogas Power Plants
A portion used as Cattle Feed
ETSM (ha) – ESMC (ha) = ESMBP (ha)
5524 – ? = ESMBP (ha)
ETSM : ESTIMATED TOTAL SILAGE MAIZE
ESMC : ESTIMATED SILAGE MAIZE CATTLE
ESMBP : ESTIMATED SILAGE MAIZE for BIOGAS POWER PLANTS
ANALYSES
33. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 33
ETSM (ha) – ESMC (ha) = ESMBP (ha)
5524 – 1829 = 3695
Estimated Total Silage Maize
for Biogas Power Plants
Calculating the ESMC
Using an average of 480.8 dry tons/hectare
ESMC = 1829
Silage Maize Hectare as source of feedstock for Biogas Power Plants is 3695
ANALYSES
34. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 34
Silage Maize Hectares
For Bioenergy Production
Using 2010 Statistical data from :
Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg
(Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg)
State Institute for Development of Agriculture and rural areas [Landesanstalt für
Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft und der ländlichen Räume (LEL)]
1 Kilowatt = ? Hectares
Year Installed Capacity (KW) Total Number of Silage Maize Hectares
2010 9140 2629
1 Kilowatt = 0.2 Hectares
ANALYSES
35. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 35
Silage Maize Land Use
Simulation
Energy Demand
20000KW
Energy
Output
Demand
(Kilowatt)
Silage Maize
Area
(Hectare)
Silage
Maize %
of TAA
Biogas
Plant
Average
Yield
(Kilowatt)
Required
Biogas
Power
Plants
20000 4000 8.3 200 100
240 83
300 63
PROJECTIONS
36. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 36
Silage Maize Land Use
Simulation
Energy Demand
15000KW
Energy
Output
Demand
(Kilowatt)
Silage Maize
Area
(Hectare)
Silage
Maize %
of TAA
Biogas
Plant
Average
Yield
(Kilowatt)
Required
Biogas
Power
Plants
15000 3000 6.2 200 75
240 63
300 50
PROJECTIONS
37. PROJECTIONS
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 37
Silage Maize Land Use
Simulation
Energy Demand
10000KW
Energy
Output
Demand
(Kilowatt)
Silage Maize
Area
(Hectare)
Silage
Maize %
of TAA
Biogas
Plant
Average
Yield
(Kilowatt)
Required
Biogas
Power
Plants
10000 2000 4.1 200 50
240 41
300 33
38. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 38
Silage Maize Land Use
Simulation
Energy Demand
2500KW
Energy
Output
Demand
(Kilowatt)
Silage Maize
Area
(Hectare)
Silage
Maize %
of TAA
Biogas
Plant
Average
Yield
(Kilowatt)
Required
Biogas
Power
Plants
2500 500 1 200 12
240 10
300 8
PROJECTIONS
39. PROJECTIONS
GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 39
Projections
•Model applicable to any given region
•Useful to stakeholders on both side of “Food or Fuel” debate
•Aid in decision making
LIMITATIONS
•Estimate figures used
•Not all the biogas power plants used in analyses
40. GIS-Based Land Use Simulation for Biomass Energy Production 40
THANK YOU