1. Pumps – Lectures 1
• Outline:
• Where are pumps used
• Pumps, fans, compressor differences
• General HP and mechanical efficiency
• Types of Pumps
– Displacement
– Dynamic
• Reading:
– Handouts:
• ITT Goulds Pumps Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals (in class) read all
• Fluide Design Inc. Centrifugal Pump Fundamentals (download)
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
1

2. Pumps, Fans, Compressors--
Turbomachines
• Turbomachines: change energy level of flowing fluid
by means of momentum exchange
• 2nd only to electric motors in number
• Wide spread in ALL industries
– Power units: cars/trucks, tractors
– Computers
– Grain elevators
– Oilfield
– Water supply/treatment
– Food processing
– And…….
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
2

3. Pumps, Fans, Compressors--
Turbomachines
• Differences between pumps, fans,
compressors
– Pumps: move liquids
– Fans: move gases with little increase in
pressure
– Compressors: move gases with greater
increase in pressure
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
3

4. Mechanical Efficiency
PowerOutput
• Ratio: PowerInput
• Power Output: Po = WQ ρ g
QP
• English Units, HP: Po =
1714
• Efficiency Po
em =
Pi
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
4

5. Pump example 1
• A pump provides 0.009 m^3/s of water
and total head of 10.6 m. Determine
the power output of the pump. If the
power input is 1310 W, determine the
mechanical efficiency of the pump.
• Pump Example 2, English Units
– Will be shown in class
5

6. Pumps
• Two types
Flow rates Pressure Flow
characteristics
Displacement Low High Pulsating
- plunger
- piston
- rotary
Dynamic High Low Steady Flow
- centrifugal
- jet
- airlift
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
6

7. Displacement Pumps
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
7

8. Displacement Pumps
• Reciprocating and Piston Pumps
– Crank
– Connecting rods
– Pistons or plungers
– Vol. efficiencies > 97%, Mech. eff. approx. 90%
– For more stable flow, increase number of
cylinders
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
8

9. Displacement Pumps
• Rotary Pumps (gear, lobe, screw, vane)
– Most popular: gear pumps
– 90%+ mechanical eff.
– Relatively constant output
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
9

10. 10

11. 11

12. Dynamic Pumps
• Centrifugal
– Relative simplicity
– Mech. eff. as high as 90%
– Can handle fluids containing suspended solids
– Ease of maintenance…good for food products
– 2 parts: impeller and casing
– Radial, mixed, axial flow
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
12

13. Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
13

14. Performance Curves
Dr. C. L. Jones
Biosystems and Ag. Engineering
14