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Sustainable
business
Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir
Planet Earth
• Spaceship Earth (Boulding 1964)
• Earth as a closed system
Rockström et al 2009
Sustainable Development
“Sustainable development
is development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future generations
to meet their own needs"
Brundtland Commission
“Our common future” 1987
Sustainable Development

5
The environment and the economy

6

30. apríl 2013

Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir – fyrirlestur hjá Leiðtoga Auði
Win-win or Win-lose?

7

30. apríl 2013

Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir – fyrirlestur hjá Leiðtoga Auði
External drivers to environmental management
• Corporations part of a
larger picture
• Influenced by different
driving forces

Source: Hoffman, A. J. (2000),
Competitive Environmental Strategy –
A Guide to the Changing Business
Landscape, p. 29.
GEMI on value creation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

•
•
•

Value in compliance
Value in operations
Value in risk management
Value in investment
Value of Market growth
Value in Strategic direction
Value of Technology strategy

Process development
Product design
Or process development and product design at the same time
The Value Chain

Porter
Does sustainability initiatives benefit companies?
• ‘High-sustainability companies significantly outperform
their counterparts over the long-term, both in terms of
stock market as well as accounting performance.’

The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance, Eccles and Serafeim, Harvard Business
School, November 2011

• “Our empirical results, based on a French employer–employee
survey from 5220 firms, reveal that firms that have adopted
environmental standards enjoy a one standard deviation higher
labor productivity than firms that have not adopted such
standards.”
Magali A. Delmas, Sanja Pekovic (2012) Environmental standards and labor productivity: Understanding the mechanisms
that sustain sustainability.
Does sustainability initiatives benefit companies?
• Review of 159 studies 19722010
• Companies which invest in
sustainable initiatives do have a
better performance.

Peloza, 2010, Network for Business
Sustainability
Example: HR
• Why do we put emphasis on environmental protection?
• Popular workplace
• Higher purpose
• Knowledge of
environmental issues,
education

WBCSD, Human Resources and Sustainable Development
EMS
Environmental Strategy in Practice
Redefining:

• Who are your competitors?
• How “green” is your
competition?
• Who are your partners?
• Who are your customers?
• Through what channels do you
reach the customers?

With the environment in
mind!

• What is your product?
• What are your raw materials?
• Biomimicry

• What is your waste?
• Money in your trash

• How sustainable are your
competitive advantages?
• Etc..
EMS tools and standards

• EMAS
• ISO family

• ISO 14001, ISO 26000 CSR, ISO 14024 ecolabels,

• Green business models

• Simple EMS systems
• Internal vs external EMS systems
Principles and guidelines

•UN Global Compact
•CERES Principles
•Principles for Responsible Investment
(PRI)
•Polluter pays principle, precautionary
principle etc.
Reporting and transparancy

Heimild: Fet, A. M.,
og Michelsen, O. (2003)
Number of GRI Reporting

Source: GRI, 2013
Fortune 250 survey from KPMG
• 95% of G250 now release CR data
• 2005 - up from 37% in 2005
• Increasingly driven by economic concerns

• 64% of top 100 US companies
• vs. 24% in 1999

• GRI is used by:
• 77% of G250
• 69% of top 100 in 22 countries
Norm for larger companies
In a nutshell
Towards the triple bottom line!
• Triple bottom line "3BL" or "People, Planet, Profit” an
expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring
organizational success based on:
• Economic, environmental and social considerations
• Integrated management of economic and environmental
interests
• Strategic environmental management; strategic opportunity in
environmental protection.
Green marketing
Green consumption
• Organic food and drink amounted to US$ 46 billion in 2007, a threefold increase since
1999.
• US organic food sales alone accounted for 3.5% of the nation’s food market and
increased by 15.8% in 2008
• Sales of certified ‘sustainable’ forest products quadrupled between 2005 and 2007.
• Between April 2008 and March 2009, the global market for eco-labelled fish products
grew by over 50%
• In 2008-09, several brand owners and retailers added ‘ecologically-friendly’ product
attributes to their major consumer brands including Mars (Rainforest Alliance cocoa),
Cadbury (Fairtrade cocoa), Kraft (Rainforest Alliance Kenco coffee), and Unilever
(Rainforest Alliance PG Tips).

http://www.teebweb.org/
Green consumers

S.C. Johnson/Roper, 1993
Green consumption

http://sinsofgreenwashing.org
Green consumption

http://sinsofgreenwashing.org
“Green wash” the seven sins
1. Hidden trade-off
•

Organic food / transport methods

1. No proof
2. Vagueness
3. „All natural“
•

Poisounous is also natural

http://sinsofgreenwashing.org/
“Green wash” the seven sins
4.

Worshiping false labels

5.

Irrelevence
•

4.

Lesser of two evils
•

4.

„CFC free!“ (it is already banned by law)
Organic cigarettes

Fibbing / false
Eco-labels
What is Eco labelling?
• Labelling systems for food and products
• Make an easier choice for customers
• Sustainability measurement
• Aims toward a more sustainable consumption
• Part of market forces
• Stimulates both producers and consumers

Source: The Environment Agency of Iceland
The jungle of the labels
Types of Ecolabels
Type I

Voluntary, multiple-criteria-based, third-party program that
awards a license that authorizes the use of environmental
labels on products indicating overall environmental
preference of a product within a particular product category
based on life cycle.

Type II

Informative environmental self-declaration claims.

Type III

Voluntary programs that provide quantified environmental
data of a product, under pre-set categories of parameters set
by a qualified third party and based on lifecycle assessment,
and verified by that or another qualified third party.

ISO-defined voluntary label schemes.
Main types of ecolabelling
•

Environmental label type I (as defined in ISO 14024)
Example: EU Ecolabel (The Flower), Green Seal, The Nordic Swan

•

Energy labels
Example: TCO, Energy Star

•

Organic labels
Example: Tún, Krav, EKO

•

Fair Trade labels

•

Other labels
Example: Green flag, Blue flag

•

Non eco-labels
Example: Recycling label, the Panda

Source: The Environment Agency of Iceland
Examples: Consumer products (type I)
Name

Description

Nordic Swan

The Swan checks that products fulfill
certain criteria using methods such as
samples from independent laboratories,
certificates and control visits.

EU Ecolabel

A voluntary scheme designed to
encourage businesses to market
products and services that are kinder to
the environment and for European
consumers - including public and private
purchasers - to easily identify them.

The Blue
Angel

Initiated by the German government
and awarded by an independent Jury to
products that are environmentally
friendlier than others serving the same
use.

Source: http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/

Picture
Examples: Consumer products (type I)
Name

Description

Bra Miljöval

Referred to as "Good Green Buy" or
"Good Environmental Choice" in English.
This label focuses on fairly widely used
products and services that have a major
impact on the environment. Before a
product or service is allowed to display
the Good Environmental Choice ecolabel
it must meet certain criteria.

Green Seal

Green Seal utilizes a life-cycle approach
to ensure tangible reductions in the
whole environmental footprint. They are
ANSI-accredited and meet ISO and GEN
requirements. Products only earn Green
Seal certification after a rigorous
evaluation, including an on-site audit.

Source: http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/

Picture
Examples: Electronical devices
Name

Description

Energy
Star

ENERGY STAR distinguishes what is efficient/better
for the environment without sacrificing features or
performance. Products that earn the ENERGY STAR
mark prevent greenhouse gas emissions by meeting
strict energy-efficiency guidelines set by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.

EU Energy
label

By law, the European Community Energy Label
must be displayed on all new household products
displayed for sale, hire or hire-purchase. . Products
are generally rated from ‘A’ to ’G’, with ‘A’ being the
most efficient (‘A+’ and ‘A++’ for the most efficient
fridges and freezers).

TCO

TCO Certified is an international sustainability
certification for IT products and includes a
wide range of criteria ensuring that the
manufacturing, use and recycling of IT
products is carried out with regard to
environmental and social responsibility.
Source: http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/

Picture
Eco labels vs EMS systems
Ecolabel type I
• Label of product or service
• Concrete and strict criteria
• Some labels, as the Nordic Swan
limits the share of labeled products
in the market

EMS system
• Certification of procedures and
policies
• Self decleared goals
• No limit values regarding
environmental performance
• All companies in the market can
have an certified EMS system
SME´s and
sustainability
Size of companies
• SMEs produce around 70% of the total global pollution (Smith and Kemp,
1998), 60% of the total carbon emissions (Marshall, 1998), and the sum total
of SMEs’ environmental impacts outweighs the combined environmental
impact of large firms (Hillary, 2000).
Source: J.A. Arago’n-Correa et al., (2008)
Journal of Environmental Management 86 88–103
SME´s way to ISO 14001
• The Individual approach
• hire a specialized consulting firm

• The Collective Approach
• Have a help from organization, such as the federation of Industries or Chamber of Commerce

• The Progressive Approach
• Break the certification process into three successive levels.

Network for Business Sustainability, 2012
Development stages

Source: C. Hunt and E. Auster,1990, as cited on pg 180 in Hoffman
WBCSD, Marketing and Sustainable Development, p. 19
Nordic Roaster Forum: Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir: The value of a sustainable business

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Nordic Roaster Forum: Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir: The value of a sustainable business

  • 2. Planet Earth • Spaceship Earth (Boulding 1964) • Earth as a closed system
  • 4. Sustainable Development “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" Brundtland Commission “Our common future” 1987
  • 6. The environment and the economy 6 30. apríl 2013 Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir – fyrirlestur hjá Leiðtoga Auði
  • 7. Win-win or Win-lose? 7 30. apríl 2013 Hrönn Hrafnsdóttir – fyrirlestur hjá Leiðtoga Auði
  • 8. External drivers to environmental management • Corporations part of a larger picture • Influenced by different driving forces Source: Hoffman, A. J. (2000), Competitive Environmental Strategy – A Guide to the Changing Business Landscape, p. 29.
  • 9. GEMI on value creation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. • • • Value in compliance Value in operations Value in risk management Value in investment Value of Market growth Value in Strategic direction Value of Technology strategy Process development Product design Or process development and product design at the same time
  • 11. Does sustainability initiatives benefit companies? • ‘High-sustainability companies significantly outperform their counterparts over the long-term, both in terms of stock market as well as accounting performance.’ The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance, Eccles and Serafeim, Harvard Business School, November 2011 • “Our empirical results, based on a French employer–employee survey from 5220 firms, reveal that firms that have adopted environmental standards enjoy a one standard deviation higher labor productivity than firms that have not adopted such standards.” Magali A. Delmas, Sanja Pekovic (2012) Environmental standards and labor productivity: Understanding the mechanisms that sustain sustainability.
  • 12. Does sustainability initiatives benefit companies? • Review of 159 studies 19722010 • Companies which invest in sustainable initiatives do have a better performance. Peloza, 2010, Network for Business Sustainability
  • 13. Example: HR • Why do we put emphasis on environmental protection? • Popular workplace • Higher purpose • Knowledge of environmental issues, education WBCSD, Human Resources and Sustainable Development
  • 14. EMS
  • 15. Environmental Strategy in Practice Redefining: • Who are your competitors? • How “green” is your competition? • Who are your partners? • Who are your customers? • Through what channels do you reach the customers? With the environment in mind! • What is your product? • What are your raw materials? • Biomimicry • What is your waste? • Money in your trash • How sustainable are your competitive advantages? • Etc..
  • 16. EMS tools and standards • EMAS • ISO family • ISO 14001, ISO 26000 CSR, ISO 14024 ecolabels, • Green business models • Simple EMS systems • Internal vs external EMS systems
  • 17. Principles and guidelines •UN Global Compact •CERES Principles •Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) •Polluter pays principle, precautionary principle etc.
  • 18. Reporting and transparancy Heimild: Fet, A. M., og Michelsen, O. (2003)
  • 19. Number of GRI Reporting Source: GRI, 2013
  • 20. Fortune 250 survey from KPMG • 95% of G250 now release CR data • 2005 - up from 37% in 2005 • Increasingly driven by economic concerns • 64% of top 100 US companies • vs. 24% in 1999 • GRI is used by: • 77% of G250 • 69% of top 100 in 22 countries
  • 21. Norm for larger companies
  • 22. In a nutshell Towards the triple bottom line! • Triple bottom line "3BL" or "People, Planet, Profit” an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational success based on: • Economic, environmental and social considerations • Integrated management of economic and environmental interests • Strategic environmental management; strategic opportunity in environmental protection.
  • 24. Green consumption • Organic food and drink amounted to US$ 46 billion in 2007, a threefold increase since 1999. • US organic food sales alone accounted for 3.5% of the nation’s food market and increased by 15.8% in 2008 • Sales of certified ‘sustainable’ forest products quadrupled between 2005 and 2007. • Between April 2008 and March 2009, the global market for eco-labelled fish products grew by over 50% • In 2008-09, several brand owners and retailers added ‘ecologically-friendly’ product attributes to their major consumer brands including Mars (Rainforest Alliance cocoa), Cadbury (Fairtrade cocoa), Kraft (Rainforest Alliance Kenco coffee), and Unilever (Rainforest Alliance PG Tips). http://www.teebweb.org/
  • 28. “Green wash” the seven sins 1. Hidden trade-off • Organic food / transport methods 1. No proof 2. Vagueness 3. „All natural“ • Poisounous is also natural http://sinsofgreenwashing.org/
  • 29. “Green wash” the seven sins 4. Worshiping false labels 5. Irrelevence • 4. Lesser of two evils • 4. „CFC free!“ (it is already banned by law) Organic cigarettes Fibbing / false
  • 31. What is Eco labelling? • Labelling systems for food and products • Make an easier choice for customers • Sustainability measurement • Aims toward a more sustainable consumption • Part of market forces • Stimulates both producers and consumers Source: The Environment Agency of Iceland
  • 32. The jungle of the labels
  • 33. Types of Ecolabels Type I Voluntary, multiple-criteria-based, third-party program that awards a license that authorizes the use of environmental labels on products indicating overall environmental preference of a product within a particular product category based on life cycle. Type II Informative environmental self-declaration claims. Type III Voluntary programs that provide quantified environmental data of a product, under pre-set categories of parameters set by a qualified third party and based on lifecycle assessment, and verified by that or another qualified third party. ISO-defined voluntary label schemes.
  • 34. Main types of ecolabelling • Environmental label type I (as defined in ISO 14024) Example: EU Ecolabel (The Flower), Green Seal, The Nordic Swan • Energy labels Example: TCO, Energy Star • Organic labels Example: Tún, Krav, EKO • Fair Trade labels • Other labels Example: Green flag, Blue flag • Non eco-labels Example: Recycling label, the Panda Source: The Environment Agency of Iceland
  • 35. Examples: Consumer products (type I) Name Description Nordic Swan The Swan checks that products fulfill certain criteria using methods such as samples from independent laboratories, certificates and control visits. EU Ecolabel A voluntary scheme designed to encourage businesses to market products and services that are kinder to the environment and for European consumers - including public and private purchasers - to easily identify them. The Blue Angel Initiated by the German government and awarded by an independent Jury to products that are environmentally friendlier than others serving the same use. Source: http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/ Picture
  • 36. Examples: Consumer products (type I) Name Description Bra Miljöval Referred to as "Good Green Buy" or "Good Environmental Choice" in English. This label focuses on fairly widely used products and services that have a major impact on the environment. Before a product or service is allowed to display the Good Environmental Choice ecolabel it must meet certain criteria. Green Seal Green Seal utilizes a life-cycle approach to ensure tangible reductions in the whole environmental footprint. They are ANSI-accredited and meet ISO and GEN requirements. Products only earn Green Seal certification after a rigorous evaluation, including an on-site audit. Source: http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/ Picture
  • 37. Examples: Electronical devices Name Description Energy Star ENERGY STAR distinguishes what is efficient/better for the environment without sacrificing features or performance. Products that earn the ENERGY STAR mark prevent greenhouse gas emissions by meeting strict energy-efficiency guidelines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EU Energy label By law, the European Community Energy Label must be displayed on all new household products displayed for sale, hire or hire-purchase. . Products are generally rated from ‘A’ to ’G’, with ‘A’ being the most efficient (‘A+’ and ‘A++’ for the most efficient fridges and freezers). TCO TCO Certified is an international sustainability certification for IT products and includes a wide range of criteria ensuring that the manufacturing, use and recycling of IT products is carried out with regard to environmental and social responsibility. Source: http://www.ecolabelindex.com/ecolabels/ Picture
  • 38. Eco labels vs EMS systems Ecolabel type I • Label of product or service • Concrete and strict criteria • Some labels, as the Nordic Swan limits the share of labeled products in the market EMS system • Certification of procedures and policies • Self decleared goals • No limit values regarding environmental performance • All companies in the market can have an certified EMS system
  • 40. Size of companies • SMEs produce around 70% of the total global pollution (Smith and Kemp, 1998), 60% of the total carbon emissions (Marshall, 1998), and the sum total of SMEs’ environmental impacts outweighs the combined environmental impact of large firms (Hillary, 2000). Source: J.A. Arago’n-Correa et al., (2008) Journal of Environmental Management 86 88–103
  • 41. SME´s way to ISO 14001 • The Individual approach • hire a specialized consulting firm • The Collective Approach • Have a help from organization, such as the federation of Industries or Chamber of Commerce • The Progressive Approach • Break the certification process into three successive levels. Network for Business Sustainability, 2012
  • 42. Development stages Source: C. Hunt and E. Auster,1990, as cited on pg 180 in Hoffman
  • 43. WBCSD, Marketing and Sustainable Development, p. 19

Hinweis der Redaktion

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