2. WHAT IS MOBILE COMMUNICATION?
• Mobile communications refers to a form
of communications which does not depend on a physical
connection between the sender and receiver and who may
move from one physical location to another during
communication.
5. HISTORY OF WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION I
• 1896 Guglielmo Marconi
• 1915 Wireless voice transmission New York - San
Francisco
• 1928 Many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color
TV, TV news)
• 1982 Start of GSM-specification
• 1983 Start of the American AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone System, analog)
• 1992 Start of GSM
6. HISTORY OF WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION II
• 1998 Specification of GSM successors
• 1999 Standardization of additional wireless LANs
• 2000 GSM with higher data rates
• 2001 Start of 3G systems
9. Characteristics GSM CDMA
Technology FDMA and TDMA Spread Spectrum
Security Less secured Highly secured
Spectrum Frequencies 850 MHz and 1900 MHz 850 MHz and 1900 MHz
Global Reach 76% 24%
Data Transfer Rate 384 kbps 2 mbps
Radiation Exposure Higher radiation Very less radiation
Comparison between
GSM and CDMA
12. TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
(TDMA)
• Each user is allowed to transmit only
within specified time intervals (Time
Slots). Different users transmit in
different Time slots.
• When users transmit, they occupy the
whole frequency bandwidth
(separation among users is performed
in the time domain).
13. FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE
ACCESS (FDMA)
• Each user transmits with
no limitations in time, but
using only a portion of
the whole available
frequency bandwidth.
• Different users are
separated in the
frequency domain
14. CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
• In CDMA each user is assigned a
unique code sequence
(spreading code), which it uses
to encode its data signal.
• The receiver, knowing the code
sequence of the user, decodes
the received signal and recovers
the original data.
16. HANDOFF
In cellular telecommunications, the term handover or handoff refers to
the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one
channel connected to the core network to another.
17.
18. • 1G- First Generation Wireless
Developed in 1980’s
Analog Transmission
Focus on Voice
Data services almost non-existent.
Incompatible standards:-
Different frequencies and signaling.
International roaming impossible.
21. • 2G- SECOND GENERATION WIRELESS
It was invented and developed in 1990-1991.
Digital transmission technology.
Increased QoS.
Possibility of wireless data services.
863 million users in 197 countries
23. • 3G- THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS
Introduced in 2004-05.
Increased clarity.
Perfection as like a real conversation.
Highly sophisticated form of communication.
Applications are:
Mobile TV
Video on demand
Video Conference
Location Based Services
25. • IP BASED
• SPEED IMPROVEMENT
• HIGHER CAPACITY
• REDUCED LATENCY
• 4G IS MORE SPECTRALLY EFFICIENT THAN 3G
• BECAUSE 4G SIGNALS ARE SPARSER THAN
3G KILLS BATTERY
• OFDM (ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING)
• MIMO (MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT)
• 4G IN INDIA
4G : ADVANCE RADIO
TECHNOLOGY
29. THE WORLD'S 5 LARGEST MOBILE
PHONE HANDSET VENDORS
Samsung
, 23.60%
Nokia, 14.8
0%
Apple, 9%
LG
Electronics,
3.70%
ZTE, 3.40%
Samsung
Nokia
Apple
LG Electronics
ZTE
30. THE WORLD'S FIVE LARGEST
TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
VENDORS
• Ericsson
• Huawei
• Alcatel-Lucent
• NSN
• ZTE