The document describes an interrupt buffer that was originally created by Jeff Sutherland and updated by Nigel Thurlow. The interrupt buffer is an allocation of story points in the current sprint that can be used for new stories from the product backlog or approved requests. The product owner acts as a gatekeeper and decides what requests the team works on, with approved items entering the buffer. If the buffer is overflowed, it means the team's velocity has been exceeded and the sprint goal may not be met, requiring a re-plan of the sprint.