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Arterial venous supply
1. ARTERIAL SUPPLY, VENOUS & LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD, NECK AND FACE NetikaTharwani MDS Part 2
2. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Carries nutrients, oxygen, hormones, etc throughout body. Blood circulates within a fast, high capacity system made up of heart, which is the central pump.
3. ARTERIES: lead away from the heart, carry the blood to the peripheral parts of the body. VEINS: return the blood to the heart.
4. Heart can be thought of as a pair of muscular pumps, 1) feeding a minor loop (PULMONARY) – serves lungs and oxygenates the blood 2) feeding a major loop (SYSTEMIC) – serves the rest of the body
5. Each system is a closed system of tubes, so that blood does not leave the circulation
6. From the center to periphery, the vascular tree shows 3 modifications: The arteries in number by sending out bifurcations. The arteries in diameter . Blood flow is faster near the heart than at the periphery.
10. HISTOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSSELS 3 concentric layers ( tunicae) Tunica intima - innermost layer Tunica media – contains muscle tissue, elastic fibres, collagen. Thickest in arteries and ansent in capillaries, Thin in veins. Tunica adventitia – outer coat of the vessel
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12. AV ANASTOMOSES Direct communications between smaller arteries and veins. Notable in the skin of nose lips, ears, nasal mucosae, tongue, etc. In newborn, there are few AV anastomoses but develop rapidly. In old age, they atrophy, sclerose and diminish.
16. AORTA Ascending aorta begins at the base of left ventricle, continues as aortic arch.
17. BRANCHES FROM THE ARCH 3 Branches arise from convex aspect of arch: Brachiocephalic trunk Left Common Carotid Artery Left Subclavian Artery
18. APPLIED Coarctation of Aorta: Congenital ondition The ductusarterioses remains patent, but rarely compensates.
19. CAROTID SINUS At the point of division, the terminal part of CCA or beginning of ICA shows a localized dilatation. The tunica media of the sinus is thinner, but adventitia is thicker. Serves as a reflex pressure receptor. in BP causes slowing of heart and vasodilatation of arterioles
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21. CAROTID BODY Small structure that lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of CCA. Glossopharyngeal n Chemoreceptor : sensitive to CO2 and O2 in blood. Hence, produces a rise in BP and HR.
24. Right CCA has only a cervical part while left CCA has cervical and thoracic parts. CCA ascends diverging laterally, where it divides to form EXTERNAL & INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES. At the level of upper border of thyroid cartilage. (C3, C4 junction)
25. RELATIONS POSTERIORLY: Transverse processes of the lower four cervical vertebrae Prevertebral muscles ANTEROLATERALLY: Skin Fascia Sternocleidomastoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Superior belly of omohyoid
29. APPLIED The bifurcation of the CCA into the ICA and ECA at the ant border of SCM at the superior border of thyroid cartilage. Carotid pulse
30. EXTERNAL CAROTID A Supplies face, neck and scalp Origin: at the upper border of thyroid cartilage and terminates in parotid gland by dividing into terminal branches superficial temporal and maxillary arteries.
31. RELATIONS ANTEROLATERALLY: SCM Hypoglossal nerve Stylohyoid muscle Facial nerve ( parotid) IJV MEDIALLY: Wall of pharynx ICA Glossopharyngeal n
35. SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY Arises at the level of the greater cornu of hyoid bone. Supplies thyroid gland and some adjacent skin Branches
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37. LINGUAL ARTERY Arises anteromedially from ECA opposite to the tip of the greater cornu of hyoid bone. Short course lies deep to hyoglossus muscle, finally leaves the muscle in the tongue to anastomose with the fellow of opposite side. Supplies the floor of the mouth and tongue
38. BRANCHES IN THE FLOOR OF MOUTH: dorsal Lingual arteries Sublingual Deep lingual artery SUPRAHYOID ARTERY: runs along the upper border of hyoid bone
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40. FACIAL ARTERY Origin– branch of external carotid artery just above the tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone. Course – runs upwards in neck, then on face; tortuous in both places Two parts- Cervical part Facial part
52. Course – follows upper border of stylohyoid muscle, anterior border of styloid process reaches groove between cartilage of outer ear and mastoid process.
56. MAXILLARY ARTERY Varied region of blood supply: External and middle ear, auditory tube Dura mater Upper and lower jaws Muscles of temporal and infratemporal regions Nose and paranasal air sinuses Palate Root of pharynx
75. PETROUS PART Caroticotympanic branch or artery:- anastomosis with anterior tympanic artery Pterygoid artery :-anastomosis with branch of greater palatine
76. CAVERNOUS PART Within the cavernous sinus Branches: Cavernous branches to the trigeminal ganglion The superior and inferior hypophysealbranches to hypophysiscerebri.
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78. CEREBRAL PART Lies at the base of brainafter emerging from cavernous sinus Branches: Ophthalmic Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral Posterior communicating Anterior choroidal
79. Enters through the optic canal dividing into supratrochlear and dorsal nasal branches
83. ARTERIAL SUPPLY, VENOUS & LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF HEAD, NECK AND FACE NetikaTharwani MDS Part 2
84. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF SCALP SUPRATROCHLEAR and SUPRAORBITAL veins unite to form ANGULAR vein continues down as FACIAL vein.
85. The SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN joins the MANDIBULAR VEIN to form the RETROMANDIBULAR vein unites with FACIAL vein to form COMMON FACIAL vein which drains into IJV.
86. The POST AURICULAR vein and POST DIVISION OF RETROMANDIBULAR vein to form EXT JUGULAR vein and drains into SUBCLAVIAN.
