7. Lionfishes: Subfamily Pteroinae
• Unique lineage of Scorpaenidae
• Phenotypic
• Behavioral
• 18 species in 5 genera
• Native to Indo-Pacific
• Commercially & ecologically important
8. Pterois miles & Pterois volitans
Photo by jostimages.com Photo by Opera User Antonietta
(Bennett, 1828) (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Very similar morphologically
• Considered synonyms until 1986
9. Meristic Differences
Indian: Pterois miles Pacific: Pterois volitans
Dorsal Fin Rays 10 11
Anal Fin Rays 6 7
Pectoral Fin Size Shorter Longer
Spot Size Smaller Larger
Geographic
Range
Africa – Indonesia Indonesia – W Pacific
Schultz, 1986
11. Overlapping Native Ranges
Pterois miles Pterois volitans
Dorsal Fin Rays 10 11
Anal Fin Rays 6 7
Pectoral Fin Size Shorter Longer
Spot Size Smaller Larger
Geographic
Range
Africa – Indonesia Indonesia – W Pacific
Schultz, 1986
13. Objective
• Investigate the relationship between
P. volitans and P. miles using
mitochondrial and nuclear loci
• Compare native & invasive range
14. Methods
• Native: 34 P. miles, 38 P. volitans, 10 mixed meristics
• PCR amplification
– 1 mtDNA, 3 nDNA
• Genetic Divergence (Arlequin)
• Evolutionary Relationships (Network)
Taiwan (n=4)
Philippines (n=22)
Africa (n=6)
Indonesia (n=18)
15. Mitochondrial DNA
Sequence Divergence
mtDNA Length (bp) Pac-Ind Other Pteroinae
COI 602 3.90% 12.0% - 15.5%
around 2.5 mya separation
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
99 Pterois miles
Indian (Pterois miles) lineage
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
Pterois miles
99 Pterois miles
Pterois miles
PL0277
PL0275
PVAQ12
PVAQ13
PVAQ18
49 93 PVAQ22
PVAQ14
Pacific (Pterois volitans) lineage
PVAQ16
PVAQ17
PVAQ23
PVAQ15
8 PVAQ20
PL0278
63 PL0276
Dendrochirus brachypterus
25 Dendrochirus zebra Brachypterois serrulata
Pterois sphex
100 Pterois radiata
Pterois antemnata Dendrochirus biocellatus
Parapterois heterura
AH0244
0.1
16. Mitochondrial DNA
Cytochrome Oxidase I
Indian (Pterois miles) lineage Pacific (Pterois volitans) lineage
20 mutations
Phenotype:
Pterois miles
Pterois volitans
Mixed Meristics
17. Mitochondrial DNA
Sequence Divergence
Other Pteroinae
mtDNA Length (bp) Pac-Ind
COI 602 3.90% 12.0% - 15.5%
Does this same pattern
occur in the nucleus?
18. Nuclear DNA
S7 RP1 (2.47% divergence) 4174E20 (2.00% divergence)
Indian (miles) lineage Pacific (volitans) lineage Indian (miles) lineage Pacific (volitans) lineage
8680E3 (0.37% divergence)
Indian (miles) lineage Pacific (volitans) lineage Phenotype:
Pterois miles
Pterois volitans
Mixed Meristics
19. Indian (P miles) lineage
Pacific (P. volitans) lineage
Dual (Hybrid) Lineage
mtDNA nDNA
ID # Phenotype COI S7 8680E3 4147E20
Aq12 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq13 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles Hybrid
Aq14 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq15 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq16 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq17 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq19 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. volitans Hybrid
Aq20 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq22 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq24 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. miles
Aq25 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. miles
Aq 26 P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles
20. Indian (P miles) lineage
Pacific (P. volitans) lineage
Dual (Hybrid) Lineage
mtDNA nDNA
Genotype: ID # Phenotype COI S7 8680E3 4147E20
Aq12 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
P. volitans
Aq13 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles Hybrid
Aq14 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq15 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq16 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq17 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Hybrid
Aq19 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. volitans Hybrid
Aq20 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq22 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
P. miles
Aq24 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. volitans
Aq25 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. volitans
Aq 26 P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles
21. Genotype Spatial Distribution
Taiwan
N=4
Philippines
Africa N = 22
Indonesia
N=6
N=7 N = 18
N=3
Genotype:
P. miles
P. volitans
Hybrid
22. Morphological Correlation?
Dorsal Fin Rays Anal Fin Rays
Genotype Genotype
P miles P miles
N = 17
9 N = 24 6
Hybrid 10 Hybrid 7
N = 27 11 N = 26
P volitans 12 P volitans
N = 25 N = 18
0% 50% 100% 0% 50% 100%
Fisher Exact Test, p <0.01 Fisher Exact Test, p <0.01
23. Native Range Summary
• Shared haplotypes between species
• Evidence of recombination
• Geographic pattern of genotypes
• Morphological correlation
HYBRIDIZATION
25. Invasive Species
One of the top 15 threats
to global biodiversity
Photo by Ken Jones.
Sutherland et al., A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2010,
Trends Ecol. Evol. 25 (2010), pp. 1–7.
26. mtDNA Data Says…
> 90% P. volitans ?
< 10% P. miles
Methods: 2 P. miles, 38 P. volitans, 17 mixed
27. ns
lita
Invasive… hybrids?
vo
P.
as
ed
ID
N = 57
Genotype:
P miles
Hybrid