Apple's History in 40 Characters

Synopsis
Founding and Incorporation
First step
Basic products
Stev’s era
Author: Narendra Nelluri

Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is an American multinational
corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California.
It designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics computer software and
personal computers.
 It was the first successful personal computer company using GUI.

Its consumer software includes the OS X and iOS operating
systems, the iTunes media browser, the Safari web browser, and
the iLife and iWork creativity and production suites.
The company was founded on April 1, 1976, and incorporated
as Apple Computer Inc. on January 3, 1977.
January 9, 2007 Apple Computer Inc. changed to Apple Inc.
Apple is the world's second-largest information technology
company by revenue after Samsung Electronics, and the world's
third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia.

At the Homebrew Computer club in Palo Alto, California (in Silicon Valley),
Steve Wozniak, a 26 year old employee of Hewlett-Packard and a long-time
digital electronics hacker, had been wanting to build a computer of his own for
a long time.
FORTRAN compiler-BASIC interpreter
Intel 8080- Tested –Poorly design
Motorala 6800- $175
Allen Baum discovered a chip that was almost identical to the 6800, while
considerably cheaper. MOS Technology sold their 6502 chip for $25.

By early 1976, Steve Wozniak had completed his 6502-based computer and
would display enhancements or modifications at the bi-weekly Homebrew
Computer Club meetings.
Steve Jobs was a 21 year old friend and worked with Wozniak and visitor of
Homebrew Club, was very interested in his computer.
Steve J suggestions that helped shape the final product, such as the use of the
newer dynamic RAMs instead of older, more expensive static RAMs.
CPU - MOS 6502@1 MHz.
Memory - 4 KB standard
expandable to 8 KB or
48 KB using expansion cards.
Graphics - 40×24 characters,
hardware-implemented scrolling
1976: March –Finishes work on computer and named
it as Apple-1.

Apple was established on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and
Ronald Wayneto sell the Apple I personal computer kit, a computer single
handedly designed by Wozniak.
The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 at a price of US$666.66.
Only 200 units were produced.
June 24, 2013, Apple I was sold for $390,000 in an on-line auction.

•Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977 without Wayne, who sold his share of
the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800.
•Multi-millionaire Mike Markkula provided essential business expertise and
funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of Apple.

The Apple II, also invented by Wozniak, was introduced on April 16, 1977, at the
first West Coast Computer Faire.
Introduced with advanced technology compared to Apple I.
Wozniak with Allen Baum included
ROMs included the terminal software to do screen text display.
Expanded Monitor functionality.
Cassette input/output routines.
•The original NTSC television signal specification was black-and-
white.
•The Apple II display provided two pixels per subcarrier cycle.
•Color was tacked by adding a 3.58-MHz subcarrier signal that
was partially ignored by B&W TV sets.

•Rather than having a dedicated sound-synthesis chip, the Apple II had a
toggle circuit that could only emit a click through a built-in speaker or a line
out jack.
•Routines in the ROM were used to encode and decode data in frequency-
shift keying for the cassette.
Power supply through SMPS.
Steve Jobs thought fans an inelegant, low-tech
contraption and looked for someone who could
come up with a better one.
Red Holt employed a Switched-mode power
supply design. This generated far less unwanted
heat than a linear power supply, which most other
home computers of the time used. Author: Narendra Nelluri

The Apple II was Apple's first production computer system and was the first
computer that shipped with built-in color graphics capability.
It is the first model in a series of computers which were produced until Apple
IIe (enhanced) production ceased in November 1993.
Price- $1298 with 4K, $2638 with 48K (board only with
4K, $598).
CPU- 6502, 1 MHz
Memory- 4K-48K
Operating System- BASIC in ROM
Apple DOS

•Introduced: June 1979.
•The new Apple II Plus, at $1,195, sold for over $100
less than the original Apple II, although it came with
more memory and had Applesoft in ROM.
Time Line:
Apple II – April 1977 – May 1979.
Apple II Plus –
June 1979 – December 1982.
Video : 40 x 48 (16 colors), 280 x 192 (6 colors).
Storage: Audio Cassette Tape or 5.25-inch floppy drives.
Keyboard: 51 keys, uppercase only.

•The Apple III was announced on May 19, 1980, during the National Computer
Conference in Anaheim, California.
•It runs twice as fast as the Apple II and has twice as much memory - 128k of
RAM.
•It is also the first Apple computer to have a built-in floppy drive, a Shugart
143k 5.25-inch floppy drive.
First printer released by Apple as
Silentype thermal printer.
Due to its drawbacks Apple III Plus
was introduced.
The Apple III Plus was on the market
for a total of only 4 months!

By the end of the 1970s, Apple had a staff of computer designers
and a production line.
The company introduced the Apple III in May 1980 in an attempt to
compete with IBM and Microsoft in the business and corporate
computing market.
Apple goes public, putting Jobs' net worth north of $200 million.
On December 12, 1980, Apple went public at $22 per share.
It is more capital than any IPO since Ford Motor Company in 1956
and instantly creating more millionaires (about 300) than any
company in history.

Apple began working on the “Apple Lisa” in 1978 in hands of Steve Jobs.
In 1982, Steve Jobs was pushed from the Lisa team due to internal strife.
Jobs took over Jef Raskin's low-cost-computer project, the Macintosh.
Lisa won the race in 1983 and became the first personal
computer sold to the public with a GUI.
In 1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh.
Macintosh was the first personal computer to be sold
without a programming language at all
---with an intuitive layout of folders and icons.
It is now hailed as a watershed event for
Apple's success and a "masterpiece".

In 1985 a power struggle developed between Jobs and
CEO John Sculley, who had been hired two years earlier.
Steve Jobs resigned from Apple and founded NeXT Inc.
the same year.
The Macintosh Portable was introduced in 1989 and
was designed to be just as powerful as a desktop
Macintosh, but weighed a bulky 7.5 kilograms (17 lb) with a 12-hour battery life.
After the Macintosh Portable, Apple introduced the PowerBook in 1991.

•The success of the PowerBook and other products brought increasing
revenue.
•During this time Apple experimented with a number of other failed
consumer targeted products including digital cameras, portable CD
audio players, speakers, video consoles, and TV appliances.
•By the end of 1889 Sculley was replaced as CEO by Michael Spindler.
•By the early 1990s, Apple was developing alternative platforms to the
Macintosh, such as the A/UX.
•In 1994, Apple allied with IBM and Motorola in the AIM alliance. The
goal was to create a new computing platform.
•In 1996, Michael Spindler was replaced by Gil Amelio as CEO.

After numerous failed attempts to improve Mac OS, first with
the Taligent project, then later with Copland and Gershwin,
----- Amelio chose to purchase NeXT and its NeXTSTEP operating system,
bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as an advisor.
Gil Amelio was ousted by the board of directors after overseeing a three-
year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses.
Steve Jobs became the interim CEO and began restructuring the company's
product line.

On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one computer
reminiscent of the Macintosh (iMac).
The iMac design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who would later design
the iPod and the iPhone.
 In 1998, Apple announced the purchase of Macromedia's Final
Cut software, signaling its expansion into the digital video editing market.
On May 19, 2001, Apple opened the first official Apple Retail Stores in
Virginia and California.
On October 23 of the same year, Apple announced the iPod portable digital
audio player, and started selling it on November 10.

•June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would begin producing Intel-
based Mac computers in 2006.
2006-2009 :
•January 10, 2006, the new MacBook Pro and iMac became the first Apple
computers to use Intel's Core Duo CPU.
•On April 29, 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple was building its
own team of engineers to design microchips.

Apple achieved widespread success with its iPhone, iPod
Touch and iPad products, which introduced innovations in mobile
phones,portable music players and personal computers.
January 9, 2007 name changed to Apple Inc.
On August 24, 2011, Jobs resigned his position as CEO of Apple.
He was replaced by Tim Cook and Jobs became Apple's chairman.
On October 4, 2011, Apple introduced iPhone 4S with intelligent
software assistant named “SIRI”.
October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Jobs had died, marking the
end of an era for Apple Inc.
October 5, 2011, Apple announced that Jobs had died, marking the
end of an era for Apple Inc Author: Narendra Nelluri

Super Bowl commercial campaign
-1984
1990s Think Different
iPod people-2000s

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Apple's History in 40 Characters

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