about basics of computer

1. The Internet
• The Internet is a global, interconnected
computer network in which every computer
connected to it can exchange data with any
other connected computer.

2. Slide 2
The Significance of the
Internet
• It’s the first mass medium that involves
computers and uses digitized data.
• It provides the potential for media
convergence, the unification of all media.
• It’s transforming how we communicate,
obtain information, learn, seek jobs, and
maintain professional growth.
• Businesses find it an indispensable tool for
their needs.

3. Slide 3
The Internet and Web:
What’s the Difference?
• The Internet is the physical connection of
millions of networks.
• The Web uses the Internet for its existence.
• The Web consists of hypertext embedded on
Web pages that are hosted on Web sites.

4. Slide 4
The Web Site
• A Web site is a
collection of related
Web documents that
are made available to
the public.
• The index page, or
home page, is the
first page of a Web
site.
• Web pages are
individual Web
documents.

5. Slide 5
The Hypertext Concept
• Hypertext is a way of presenting information so
that the order in which it’s read is left up to the
reader.
• Hyperlinks are underlined or highlighted words
that can be used to view another document or
Web page.
• Hypermedia refers to a link to multimedia, such as
music and movies.
• The Web is a distributed hypermedia system or a
system where the responsibility for creating
content is distributed among many people.

6. Slide 6
Web Browsers and Servers
• Web browsers display a Web document and
enable users to link to other Web pages.
• The first browsers were text-only.
• Mosaic was the first graphical browser.
• Web servers respond to the requests of
browsers. They find and send requested
resources back to the browser.

7. Slide 7
• Web addresses are an addressing system that
identifies where a Web resource is located.
• The uniform resource locator (URL) is the standard
used to identify Web resources.
• The URL consists of:
Web Addresses (URLs)
Protocol
identifies
the means
of access
Server contains
the domain
name of the
Web server
Path
identifies the
location of the
document
Resource
specifies the
filename of the
resource

8. Slide 8
How the Internet Works
• The Internet provides immediate and direct
contact with all computers on the network.
• All Internet computers have an Internet address (IP
address).
• Internet service providers (ISPs) sell subscriptions to
the public.
• Its interoperability feature enables access for all types
of computers.
• Large organizations maintain the Internet.
• Many private and public networks are linked together to
provide a worldwide networking system.
• Packet switching technology is used to transmit
data.

9. Slide 9
Internet Protocols
• Transmission control protocol (TCP) – A
standard that defines how one computer can
communicate and exchange data with another
computer on the Internet.
• Internet protocol (IP) – Defines the Internet’s
addressing scheme.
• IP address – Each computer connected to the
Internet is given an address composed of
numbers and periods. Example: 209.234.456.8

10. Slide 10
Doma
in
Name
Domain Names
• Domain Name System (DNS) – Enables users to type
names of Web sites and Web pages as well as IP
addresses. Example: www.hsnqp.com or 112.23.345.56
• Domain name registration – Enables individuals,
businesses, and organizations to register their Web sites
with InterNIC.
• The last part of the domain name gives the type of
organization that maintains the site. Examples: .com,
.net, .edu, and .gov.

11. Slide 11
Accessing the Internet and
Web
• You will need:
• A computer with an operating system, such as
Windows, MAC OS, or UNIX, that supports Internet
protocols
• Communications equipment such as a modem, ISDN
adapter, or Ethernet card
• An Internet service provider (ISP)
• Web browser software such as Internet Explorer or
Netscape Navigator

12. Slide 12
Accessing the Internet
• The Internet can be accessed in the following ways:
• Dial-up access with Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Cable and satellite access
• LAN access

13. Slide 13
Your
Computer
FTP Server
DOWNLOAD
UPLOAD
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• FTP is a part of the Internet that enables client
computers to transfer files.
• Transferring files from an FTP site to the client is known
as downloading.
• Transferring files from the client to an FTP site is known
as uploading.
• Clients may store files on an FTP site’s server.

14. Slide 14
Usenet
• Usenet is the part of
the Internet which
enables users to
participate in
discussions and
newsgroups.
• Usenet newsgroups
are organized into
hierarchies (categories)
and subcategories.
• Subcategories include
Standard, Alt, Biz, and
Local newsgroups.

15. Slide 15
Finding Information on the
Web
• Ways to find information
on the Web:
• Browse or surf the Web –
This involves linking from
one Web page to another,
and so forth.
• Search the Web – This
method involves using
search engines to locate
Web pages with the
information you’re looking
for.
• Subject guides – Web
pages are grouped under
headings.