2. ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project is to study
the various types of electrical and
mechanical equipment involved in the
process of generation of Electrical
power.

3. INTRODUCTION

KTPS-V Station was commissioned in 1996.

It was the first major thermal power station
in AP.

KTPS V Stage had achieved 94.5% plant load
factor.

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE

The thermal power station is a power plant in
which the prime mover is steam driven.

Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a
steam turbine which drives an electrical
generator.

The coal is used as a major source of fuel.

The thermal power plant works on the principle

5. PARTS OF THERMAL POWER
PLANT

7. TYPES OF CIRCUITS
For simplicity let us divide the whole
arrangement into four circuits.
1. Steam and water circuit
2. Air and gas circuit
3. Coal and ash circuit
4. Cooling water circuit.


8. 1.STEAM AND WATER
CIRCUIT
boiler
Drum
Super
heater
IP Turbine
Re Heater
Hp turbine
LP Turbine
Condenser

9. BOILER

A boiler is a device for generating steam for
power, processing or heating purposes.

The boiler used here is a two pass, tower type,
reheat natural circulation single drum,
balanced draft and dry bottom (open hopper
type) boiler and is designed for burning coal as
principal fuel.

10. SCHMETIC DIAGRAM OF
BOILER

11. CLASSFICATION OF
BOILERS

Boilers are mainly classified into two types.
They are
1. Fire tube boiler
2.Water tube boiler

12. CONDENSER

Condenser is a
Surface heat
exchanger.

Exhaust steam from
LP turbine enters
into the condenser,
where it
condensates into
water by exchanging
its heat energy to
cooling water.

13. FEED WATER FLOW FROM
CONDENSER
Condenser
CEPs
LPH
HP heaters
BFPs
Deaerator
Economiser
Drum
boiler

14. ECONOMISER

An economiser
extracts apart of this
heat from the flue
gases.

It uses extracted
heat for heating the
feed water before it
enters into the
steam drum.

15. 2.AIR AND GAS CIRCUIT
PRIMARY AIR FAN(PA FAN)
 The primary air has got two functions.
1.Pre heating the coal.
2. Transportation of fuel into furnace.
PA fan
Air
Heater
Mills
Boiler

16. FORCED DRAFT FAN(FD
FAN)

The function of FD FAN is to supply sufficient
quantity of air required for complete
combustion.

The air flow is as shown below
FD Fan
Air
Heater
Furnace

17. AIR PRE HEATERS

Air pre heater function is to heat the air with
the help of flue gases.

The air heater used in KTPS-V is a
Regenerative Tri-sector air heater.
The flue gases flow is as shown :

Boiler
Air
preheater
ESP
ID Fan
Chimney

18. INDUCED DRAFT FAN (ID
FAN)

The function of Induced Draft fan is to suck the
gases out of furnaces and throw them into the
stack.

Boiler is provided with two no. of Induced Draft
Fans.

19. ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATOR

The main function of ESP is to clean the gases
which are being released into atmosphere.

20. COAL AND ASH CIRCUIT

The coal flow is as shown below:
Coal
storage
plant
Crushers
Bunkers
Mills
Boiler

21. COAL HANDLING PLANT

22. ASH HANDLING PLANT



At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper
for collection of bottom ash.
Fly ash is captured and removed from the flue
gas by electrostatic precipitators.
The flow of ash is as shown below
Boiler
Air pre
Heater
ESP
Ash
handling
plant
Ash
pond

23. COOLING WATER CIRCUIT

24. WATER SUPPLY


Water requirement for the KTPS is provided
from Kinnerasani Project.
The total water required for the station is 1,
50,000 tons per day.

25. Primary Fuel Supply:

KTPS is linked to Singareni Collieries
Company limited (S.C.C.L.) for supply of coal
from Manuguru, Yellandu and Rudrampur
mines.

26. STEAM TURBINE

Steam turbine is a
rotating machine
which converts the
heat energy of
steam into
mechanical
energy.

27. Description of Steam
Turbines
•
HP Turbine
•
IP Turbine
•
LP Turbine
HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE:
 In high pressure turbine steam is expanded to do
work.
 High pressure turbine having 25 reaction stages.
o
 Steam admitted at 540 c and pressure 150
kg/sq.cm.

28. TYPES OF TURBINES
IP TURBINE:
 Exhaust steam from hp turbine, after passing
through re heater is admitted for second phase of
expansion of steam.
 IP turbine having 17 reaction stages.
LOW PRESSURE TURBINE:
 Exhaust steam from IP turbine admitted to lp
turbine for the last phase of expansion of steam.
 LP turbine having 8 reaction stages

29. Excitation system

The excitation system comprises of an exciter
and automatic voltage regulator.

The duty of an exciter is to provide the
necessary field current to the rotor winding of
the alternator.

Brush less excitation is used in KTPS Vth
stage.

30. BRUSHLESS EXCITATION
SYSTEM:

31. Excitation system

The excitation system comprises of an exciter
and automatic voltage regulator.

The duty of an exciter is to provide the
necessary field current to the rotor winding of
the alternator.

Brush less excitation is used in KTPS Vth
stage.

32. SALIENT FEATUREs OF K.T.P.S

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY:
1)
KTPS-A Station
: 4*60 = 240 MW
2)
KTPS-B Station
: 2*120 = 240 MW
3)
KTPS-C Station
: 2*120 = 240 MW
4)
KTPS-V Stage
: 2*250 = 500 MW
5)
KTPS-VI Stage
: 1*500=500 MW
Total installed capacity = 1720 MW

33. CONCLUSION



In a modern thermal power plant the Rankine
Cycle is modified to include superheating of
steam, regenerative feed water heating and
reheating of the steam.
Reheating the steam after it has partially
expanded, improves the thermal cycle efficiency
by 4 to 5%.Regenerative feed water heating by
using Low pressure and High pressure heaters
also improves the thermal cycle efficiency by 6 to
7%.
So the overall efficiency of a modern thermal
power plant is about 42%.