3. www.monash.edu.au
3
Assignment 1
• Guided Reading Activities
• Weeks 2-11
• Worth 20%
• Need to submit at least 8 of 10
• Handed in to Cristina
• Cristina is the best person to speak to about this
assignment as she marks it.
• Info on Moodle
4. www.monash.edu.au
4
Assignment 2
• Group Assignment (groups of 4)
• Research Paper with subheadings
• Week 8 Monday September 16 4pm
• 3,000 words
• Worth 30%
• You are required to explore the ethical and business
dimensions of a chosen issue falling under one of
the topics in the assignment guide.
7. www.monash.edu.au
7
Hammering it Home - Kohlberg
• Pull out the Kohlberg reading
• What are the three levels and six stages?
• What does Kohlberg think most adults tend to get
to in their life?
• Do you agree with this?
• How do schools shape the moral development of
children – how can they?
• Does this have implications for how people are
likely to act within organisations?
8. www.monash.edu.au
8
Kohlberg‟s Moral Stages
• Pre-conventional
– Punishment and Obedience
> Avoiding punishment
– Instrumental-relativist orientation
> What do I get in return?
• Conventional
– Interpersonal concordance
> Behaving to gain acceptance
– Law and order
> What is right based on law
• Post-conventional
– Social-Contract
> Upholding individual rights
– Universal-ethical
> These are my beliefs even if people or the law say otherwise
9. www.monash.edu.au
9
Hammering it Home - Norton
• Organizational Totalitarianism
• Patrimonial Bureaucracy
• Where does this fit in Kohlberg?
• Is this relevant to your workplace?
10. www.monash.edu.au
10
Hammering it Home - Heinz
In Europe, a woman was near death from a very bad disease, a
special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors
thought might save her. It was a form of radium for which the
pharmacist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to
make. The sick woman‟s husband, Heinz, went to everyone he
knew to borrow the money, but he could get together only about
half of what the drug cost. He told the pharmacist that his wife
was dying, and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later.
But the pharmacist said, “No, I discovered the drug and I am
going to make money from it.” So Heinz got desperate and broke
into the man‟s store to steal the drug for his wife.
Should the husband have done that? Why or why not?
(Kohlberg, 1971)
12. www.monash.edu.au
12
Enron
“A fish rots from the head down”
• Summarise the Enron Case
• As a business student, how do you feel about what happened?
• Does this align to your own personal ethics?
• What would have you done in that situation?
13. www.monash.edu.au
13
Enron
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaY1XF944ps
– How would you describe the organisational culture at Enron
– What values were emphasised and encouraged? What values
were discouraged?
– How does this adhere with the patterns of organisational
behaviour described by Norton?
– What does this indicate about the effects of corporate culture?
– How does this behaviour relate to Kohlberg‟s model, and to
Gilligan‟s analysis of gender-based differences?
14. www.monash.edu.au
14
Enron
• Things to think about:
– The deregulation of the industry was law. Wasn‟t Enron
entitled to create Special Purpose Entities?
– Was the intent to deceive the public the point where it
became unethical?
– Doesn‟t Fastow have a responsibility to LJM Cayman L.P.
to maximise their profits? Wasn‟t he doing that?
– Was Arthur Ansersen unbiased with his advice?
– Was it ethical for Lay and Skilling to sell stock and at the
same time encourage their employees to invest?
15. www.monash.edu.au
15
Gilligan‟s critique
• What were the main messages?
• Do you agree / disagree with her assessment?
• Summarise the differences between boys and girls
development in the article.
• Do you think that these differences translate into the workplace
16. www.monash.edu.au
16
Norton
• What are the dominant behavioural interaction models/ models of
management that are discussed by Howard Schwartz and Robert
Jackall as reviewed by Norton?
• Which of Kohlberg‟s stages would they fall into?
• What does this indicate about the level or moral reasoning these
institutions encourage?
• Does this influence how we might interpret Lawler‟s expectancy
theory?
• How would Kohlberg analyse „rituals of rebellion‟? What might they
indicate about organisational culture?
• Consider the American steel example mentioned by Norton. What
does this indicate about the follow-on effects of internal
organisational culture? Can you think of any other examples of
internal culture affecting external behaviour?
17. www.monash.edu.au
17
Week 3 Lecture
• Consequentialism
– Utilitarianism
> considers the consequences for all effected by the action.
– Egoism
> considers only the consequences for the individual (the actor/
agent).
18. www.monash.edu.au
18
Reading to Summarise
• Hoffman, D. (2004) „The Ford Pinto‟, in Gini, A. (ed.) Case
Studies in Business Ethics (5th edn.), Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, pp. 222 - 228.
19. www.monash.edu.au
19
Next Week
• I am presenting at a conference in Disney Land
• Jeremy will be taking the class
• Read over the tutorial guide but mainly have a
strong knowledge of the Pinto case
• See you in a fortnight
