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Large Scale Solar Power System Design
An Engineering Guide for Grid-Connected Solar Power Generation




Peter Gevorkian, Ph.D., P.E.
A comprehensive engineering design and construction reference for engineers, architects,
contractors and technology specialists. This book provides practical design and installation
guideline for large scale commercial and industrial solar power projects. Engineering design and
construction methodologies outlined cover step by step walk-through of all aspects of solar
power systems. Design methodologies outline all aspects of solar & electrical design and
construction documentation in meticulous detail, which could readily be applied to ground
mount, roof mount, building integrated (BIPV) and carport type solar power projects.

Large Scale Solar Power Systems Design includes comprehensive coverage of economic analysis
of solar power systems, including power purchase agreement (PPA) contracts. Appendices
contain valuable design tables, and national solar power incentive programs.




    [LARGE SCALE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM PHYSICS
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM FEASIBILITY STUDY & PRELIMINARY DESIGN
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM COST ANALYSIS
        ď‚·   LARGE SCALE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM DESIGN
        ď‚·   CONCETRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE & OPERATION
        ď‚·   SOLAR POWER SYSTEM PROJECT MANAGEMENT
        ď‚·    SMART GRID SYSTEMS
Table of Contents
     Introduction

  1- Solar Power System Technologies

            Solar Cell Electronics

            Crystalline Solar Cell Module Production

            Photovoltaic Concentrator Technologies

            Thin Film Solar Cell Technologies

            Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Cells

            Dye-Sensitized Solar cells

            Multi-junction Photovoltaic Cells

            Polymer Solar Cells


  2- Solar Power system Physics


            Physics of Solar Cells
            P-N junction Solar Cell Technology
            Comparative Analysis of Solar Cells
            Solar Cell Conversion Efficiencies
            Solar Energy
            Effects of Atmosphere on Solar Radiation


  3- Solar Photovoltaic System Components
            Inverters
            Storage Battery Technologies
            Lightning Effects on Photovoltaic System Equipment
            Ground Mount Photovoltaic System Installation and Support Structures
            Roofmount Solar Power Installations
            Solar Tracking Systems


  4- Photovoltaic Power System Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
          Site Survey
          Solar PathfinderTM Shading Analysis
          SolmetricTM Shading Analysis
          Meteorological Data
          Energy Cost factor
          Solar Power System sizing Estimate
          Feasibility Study Report


5- Solar Power System Costing
          California Solar Initiative Calculator
          NREL Solar Advisor Model
          Federal Tax Depreciation
          Annual System Performance
          System maintenance and Operational Costs
          Power Purchase Agreements (PPA)


6- Solar Power System Design
          Electrical Drawing Roster
          Single Line Diagrams
          Solar Array Layout
          Fire Marshal Document Review
          Equipment Installation Detail Diagrams
          Solar Power System Feeder Schedules
          Solar Power System Equipment Grounding
          System Equipment Warning System


7- Large Scale Solar Power System Construction
          Engineering Document evaluation
          Solar Power System Integration
          Avoiding Construction Negligence
          System Integration Test and Commissioning
          Equipment Grounding
          Field Test and Measurement Log Sheets
System Trouble Shooting and Test Procedure
          Customer Training Curriculum
          Solar Power System Hazard Mitigation


8- Concentrator Type Photovoltaic Systems

          Principle of Photovoltaic Concentrator Technologies (CPV)

          AMONIX TM Mega-Concentrator System

          ConcentrixTM FLATCON CPV Technologies

          SolFocusTM Concentrator Photovoltaic Technologies

9- Solar Power System Project Management

          Project Development Phase

          Critical Chain Project Management

          Technical Matters of Interest

          Contractor Experience

          Power Purchase Agreement Type Projects

          Project Completion Schedule

          California Energy Commission Rebate Programs

          Electrical Energy Cost Escalation



10- The Smart Grid Systems


          United States Unified Smart Grid
          The International Smart Grid System
          Grid Power Control
          Surplus Power Management
          Types of Electrical Grids
          Peak Power Consumption Control
Smart Grid Services and Devices
       Load Control Switches
       Grid System Conductors
       Smart Grid Networks
       Smart Grids and Climate Change




11- Solar Thermal Power


       Benefits of Solar thermal Concentrator Technologies
       Through Parabolic Heating Technologies
       Linear Receiver and Heat Collector Elements
       Solar Tower Technologies
       Solar Dish Technologies
       Concentrating Linear Fresnel Reflectors


12- Solar Power Financing and Feed-in Tariff Programs


       California Solar Initiative Program Rebates
       CSI Incentive Payment structure
       PV system sizing Requirements
       CSI Reservation Steps
       Municipal Lease
       Solar Power Project financing
       Power Purchase Agreement Contracts
       California Feed-in Tariffs

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Large scale solar power alternate book cover

  • 1. Large Scale Solar Power System Design An Engineering Guide for Grid-Connected Solar Power Generation Peter Gevorkian, Ph.D., P.E.
  • 2. A comprehensive engineering design and construction reference for engineers, architects, contractors and technology specialists. This book provides practical design and installation guideline for large scale commercial and industrial solar power projects. Engineering design and construction methodologies outlined cover step by step walk-through of all aspects of solar power systems. Design methodologies outline all aspects of solar & electrical design and construction documentation in meticulous detail, which could readily be applied to ground mount, roof mount, building integrated (BIPV) and carport type solar power projects. Large Scale Solar Power Systems Design includes comprehensive coverage of economic analysis of solar power systems, including power purchase agreement (PPA) contracts. Appendices contain valuable design tables, and national solar power incentive programs. [LARGE SCALE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM PHYSICS ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM FEASIBILITY STUDY & PRELIMINARY DESIGN ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM COST ANALYSIS ď‚· LARGE SCALE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM DESIGN ď‚· CONCETRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE & OPERATION ď‚· SOLAR POWER SYSTEM PROJECT MANAGEMENT ď‚· SMART GRID SYSTEMS
  • 3. Table of Contents Introduction 1- Solar Power System Technologies Solar Cell Electronics Crystalline Solar Cell Module Production Photovoltaic Concentrator Technologies Thin Film Solar Cell Technologies Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Cells Dye-Sensitized Solar cells Multi-junction Photovoltaic Cells Polymer Solar Cells 2- Solar Power system Physics Physics of Solar Cells P-N junction Solar Cell Technology Comparative Analysis of Solar Cells Solar Cell Conversion Efficiencies Solar Energy Effects of Atmosphere on Solar Radiation 3- Solar Photovoltaic System Components Inverters Storage Battery Technologies Lightning Effects on Photovoltaic System Equipment Ground Mount Photovoltaic System Installation and Support Structures Roofmount Solar Power Installations Solar Tracking Systems 4- Photovoltaic Power System Feasibility Study
  • 4. Feasibility Study Site Survey Solar PathfinderTM Shading Analysis SolmetricTM Shading Analysis Meteorological Data Energy Cost factor Solar Power System sizing Estimate Feasibility Study Report 5- Solar Power System Costing California Solar Initiative Calculator NREL Solar Advisor Model Federal Tax Depreciation Annual System Performance System maintenance and Operational Costs Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) 6- Solar Power System Design Electrical Drawing Roster Single Line Diagrams Solar Array Layout Fire Marshal Document Review Equipment Installation Detail Diagrams Solar Power System Feeder Schedules Solar Power System Equipment Grounding System Equipment Warning System 7- Large Scale Solar Power System Construction Engineering Document evaluation Solar Power System Integration Avoiding Construction Negligence System Integration Test and Commissioning Equipment Grounding Field Test and Measurement Log Sheets
  • 5. System Trouble Shooting and Test Procedure Customer Training Curriculum Solar Power System Hazard Mitigation 8- Concentrator Type Photovoltaic Systems Principle of Photovoltaic Concentrator Technologies (CPV) AMONIX TM Mega-Concentrator System ConcentrixTM FLATCON CPV Technologies SolFocusTM Concentrator Photovoltaic Technologies 9- Solar Power System Project Management Project Development Phase Critical Chain Project Management Technical Matters of Interest Contractor Experience Power Purchase Agreement Type Projects Project Completion Schedule California Energy Commission Rebate Programs Electrical Energy Cost Escalation 10- The Smart Grid Systems United States Unified Smart Grid The International Smart Grid System Grid Power Control Surplus Power Management Types of Electrical Grids Peak Power Consumption Control
  • 6. Smart Grid Services and Devices Load Control Switches Grid System Conductors Smart Grid Networks Smart Grids and Climate Change 11- Solar Thermal Power Benefits of Solar thermal Concentrator Technologies Through Parabolic Heating Technologies Linear Receiver and Heat Collector Elements Solar Tower Technologies Solar Dish Technologies Concentrating Linear Fresnel Reflectors 12- Solar Power Financing and Feed-in Tariff Programs California Solar Initiative Program Rebates CSI Incentive Payment structure PV system sizing Requirements CSI Reservation Steps Municipal Lease Solar Power Project financing Power Purchase Agreement Contracts California Feed-in Tariffs