To analyze and understand youth’s perception of online inclusion, many qualitative researchers would opt for the traditional structured or semi-structured interviews. However, it is often difficult for the participants to articulate and describe their experiences in regards to sensitive concepts such as inclusion, let alone to recognize and share their constructs system (Burr, King, & Butt, 2014). Kelly’s Personal Construct Psychology and the methodology bind to it provide the theoretical framework and the efficient techniques to explore and explain how participants view their world and why they behave the way they do.

1. Personal Construct Psychology
A Framework and Research Methodology
to Analyze Youth Perceptions of Inclusion
Comprehensive Exam
Part 2

2. The Youth As Part of the System

3. People Reacting Online
Immigrant
Inclusion
and
Integration
Barriers
Turmoil in
Europe
Because of
Immigration
and
Refugees
Issues
Split
Canadian
Positions in
Regards to
Immigrants
and
Refugees
Supporters
of Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Opposers
to Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Petitions AGAINST
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Close Its Doors
Petitions FOR
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Open Its Doors
Youth
FOR
the Settlement
of Syrian
Refugees
Undecided or
Neutral Youth
Youth
AGAINST
the Settlement
of Syrian
Refugees
ConstructSystems
ConstructSystems
Exclusive
Youth
Undecided or
Neutral Youth
Inclusive
Youth?
A person’s processes are psychologically channelized
by the ways in which he anticipates events.
(Kelly, 1955)
Paris Attack
Uncontrolled
Syrian
Refugees
Crisis
Cologne
Sexual
Assaults
Brussels
Attack
Validation?

4. Immigrant
Inclusion
and
Integration
Barriers
Turmoil in
Europe
Because of
Immigration
and
Refugees
Issues
Split
Canadian
Positions in
Regards to
Immigrants
and
Refugees
People Reacting Online
Supporters
of Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Opposers
to Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Petitions AGAINST
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Close Its Doors
Petitions FOR
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Open Its Doors
Immigrant
Youth
Syrian Youth
Refugees
Youth’s Host
Society
ConstructSystems
ConstructSystems
Inclusive
or Exclusive
Immigrants
&
Integrated
or Assimilated
or Separated
or Marginalized
Immigrants
Integrated
or Assimilated
or Separated
or Marginalized
Refugees
Inclusive or
Exclusive
Society?
A person’s processes are psychologically channelized
by the ways in which he anticipates events.
(Kelly, 1955)
Paris Attack
Uncontrolled
Syrian
Refugees
Crisis
Cologne
Sexual
Assaults
Brussels
Attack
Validation?

5. Immigrant
Inclusion
and
Integration
Barriers
Turmoil in
Europe
Because of
Immigration
and
Refugees
Issues
Split
Canadian
Positions in
Regards to
Immigrants
and
Refugees
Inclusive
or Exclusive
Immigrants
&
Integrated
or Assimilated
or Separated
or Marginalized
Immigrants
Integrated
or Assimilated
or Separated
or Marginalized
Refugees
Inclusive or
Exclusive
Society
Supporters
of Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
People reacting Online
Opposers
to Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Petitions AGAINST
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Close Its Doors
Petitions FOR
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Open Its Doors
Immigrant
Youth
Syrian Youth
Refugees
Youth’s Host
Society
ConstructSystems
ConstructSystems
?
A person’s processes are psychologically channelized
by the ways in which he anticipates events.
(Kelly, 1955)
Paris Attack
Uncontrolled
Syrian
Refugees
Crisis
Cologne
Sexual
Assaults
Brussels
Attack

6. ConstructSystems
Immigrant
Inclusion
and
Integration
Barriers
Turmoil in
Europe
Because of
Immigration
and
Refugees
Issues
Split
Canadian
Positions in
Regards to
Immigrants
and
Refugees
People Reacting Online
Inclusive
or Exclusive
Immigrants
&
Integrated
or Assimilated
or Separated
or Marginalized
Immigrants
Integrated
or Assimilated
or Separated
or Marginalized
Refugees
Inclusive or
Exclusive
Society
ConstructSystems
?
A person’s processes are psychologically channelized
by the ways in which he anticipates events.
(Kelly, 1955)
Immigrant
Youth
Syrian Youth
Refugees
Youth’s Host
Society
Youth
FOR
the Settlement
of Syrian
Refugees
Undecided or
Neutral Youth
Youth
AGAINST
the Settlement
of Syrian
Refugees
Supporters
of Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Opposers
to Syrian
Refugees’
Settlement
in Canada
Petitions AGAINST
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Close Its Doors
Petitions FOR
+
Comments Arguing
That Canada Should
Open Its Doors
ConstructSystems

7. I am judged by
the way I look
I need to
protect myself
They are all the
same
Well if they think I
am bad, I will show
them how bad I can
really be
I am different, I
will never fit in
Coming
here was a big
mistakeI can’t do it
I need to be
with people like
me
Me versus Them
loss of cognitive abilities | discouragement | loss of self-esteem | illnesses | suicide | below the Canadian low-income cut-off | numbness | negative behaviour
Social Exclusion
Labour-Market
Discrimination
Name Discrimination
Underemployment
Linguicism
Accent Discrimination
Ethnic Discrimination
Residential Segregation
Xenophobia
Racism
Bigotry
Bullying
Negative Stereotyping
Stigmatization
Homophobia
White Privilege
Canadians are Only WHITE
I am scared
They hate
me
Us versus Him/Her
I hate
them
Current Scenario

8. I will integrate and we will include you
Ideal Scenario

9. One never asks a person to change until one
has at least a glimpse into that person’s ways
of viewing the world, and so has an idea of
what that change might mean to them.
(Brophy, Fransella, & Reed, 2003, p330)

10. However, when working with large groups of
people, that principle must be violated. All
that can be done is to ensure that one gains
as much knowledge as possible about the
current views of the target group before
embarking on a programme that is asking
them to change those views.
(Brophy, Fransella, & Reed, 2003, p330)

11. Identify the construct systems that youth use when it
comes to the inclusion and integration of immigrants
and refugees
Examine how these construct systems help this
youth anticipate events and behave accordingly

12. 1 Self-Characterization Technique
2 Perceiver Grid (Qualitative Grid)
3 Triadic Elicitation Technique
4 Repertory Grid Technique
5 Laddering Technique

13. Self-Characterization Technique

14. Adaptation of the Perceiver Grid

15. How do you perceive the content of these posts?
How do you think members of the Online Canadian
Society (OCS) perceive the content of these posts?
How do you think the Syrian refugees perceive the
content of these posts?
How do you think members of the Online Canadian
Society (OCS) think that Syrian refugees perceive
the content of these posts?
How do you think members of the Syrian refugees
think that Syrian refugees perceive the content of
these posts?

16. Mobile Uploads Options Share Send
56 of 60
Kayla Christyne Gerber
November 17 · Edited ·
Today, I had my scarf over my ears and wrapped
around my head to keep me warm. En route from a
friends house on Bloor to Bathurst station a man
stopped to to attack me, pushed me, grabbed me by
my jacket and continued to yell at me to remove my
hijab and leave his country.
I'll leave this one for you to comment on. Because I'm
still baffled.
*Note: I am not a Muslim, nor a refugee but today I saw
how it felt to be unsafe where you are trying to find
safety.*
Please share, and share, and share
Share
64 people like this.
701 shares
View previous comments
Josie Cole Im speechless.. total loss for words.
2 · November 17 at 7:14pm
Katie Elizabeth Billard Oh my god. I'm so sorry
this happened to you ! Sending all the love and
happy vibes !
November 17 at 7:16pm
Kayla Christyne Gerber It's okay, it was
an eye opener and I am very much okay
November 17 at 7:17pm
Candy Crawford Brown Should have bagged
the sick bastards then told him to go back to
where he came from ....asshole

17. How do you perceive the comments to these posts?
How do you think members of the Online Canadian Society
(OCS) perceive the comments to these posts?
How do you think the Syrian refugees perceive the comments
to these posts?
How do you think members of the Online Canadian Society
(OCS) think that Syrian refugees perceive the comments to
these posts?
How do you think members of the Syrian refugees think that
Syrian refugees perceive the comments to these posts?
How do you think members of the Online Canadian Society
(OCS) who read these comments will act when they happen to
be in the same environment as a Syrian refugee?
How do you think the Syrian refugees who read these
comments will act when they happen to be in the same
environment as members of the Canadian society?

18. We are full...close the borders to
immigrants
Syrian refuges will bolster our
economy. They will make
Canada a better and more
diverse country culturally. These
refuges are an investment in our
future and they deserve our
support. When I was younger I
worked with Cambodia refuges
and other new Canadians. The
prevailing attitude I witnessed
amongst refuges and other new
Canadians was a drive to work
hard and contribute to our
country. This will be an
enormous transition for many of
these refuges we owe it to them
to provide our utmost support.
No Syrian rapists and terrorists
in Canada! Stop this madness
now!
This is not how I see my
grandchildren future: openly
discussing sharia laws on CBC
and how to make easier for
Muslims to get a mortgage. This
is just a plague that will cripple
Canada
We do not want to see an influx
of this in Canada, as we are
currently seeing in Europe. The
attacks in Paris by Islamists is
the last straw. We cannot risk an
epidemic of such savagery on
Canadian soil.
if the migrants want to adapt to
our traditions and culture great,
welcome..But if they just want to
start a new Syria (or whatever
their country of origin is)here in
Canada, well then I say"thanks
for coming but you can't stay
here....This has nothing to do
about race.
Triadic ElicitationIn what important way are two of them alike but different from the third?

19. We are full...close the borders to
immigrants
We do not want to see an influx
of this in Canada, as we are
currently seeing in Europe. The
attacks in Paris by Islamists is
the last straw. We cannot risk an
epidemic of such savagery on
Canadian soil.
if the migrants want to adapt to
our traditions and culture great,
welcome..But if they just want to
start a new Syria (or whatever
their country of origin is)here in
Canada, well then I say"thanks
for coming but you can't stay
here....This has nothing to do
about race.
In what important way are two of them alike but different from the third?

20. Unmet expectations
Perception of real or symbolic threat
Dominance of a reductive vision
Old guards
Need to maintain privilege (logical conformity)
Lack of trust
“Us/them” or “ours/theirs” constructs
Dominative racism, aversive racism, color-blind
racism and racialized habitus
Worthy/unworthy and indispensable/unneeded
constructs
Ignorance of others’ culture and communication
noise

21. “Us/Them” Or “Ours/Theirs”
High-risk Life-threatening/Trust or Safe
Identity and Culture at Risk/Multiculturalism
Ignorance of Others’ Culture/ Aware of other's situation
Not our responsibility/Humanity, Empathy
Fair/Unfair
Worthy/Unworthy
Indispensable/Unneeded
Right /Wrong
What happened there will happen here/ There and here
are different
Canadians First/ Canadian Nature
Negative Stereotype, Refugees as Terrorist/ Refugees
as Victims
Newcomers can't, won't and are not ready to Integrate/
Newcomers will integrate (success stories)
Dominative Racism/ Tolerance
Old Guards/ Accommodation

22. Repertory Grid

23. We are full...close the borders to immigrants

24. Laddering Technique