Naffi, N. (2016). Designing for innovative learning: between making pedagogical decisions and unleashing the control on decisions. Workshop. Marianopolis College, Montreal, Canada
Designing for innovative learning: Between making pedagogical decisions and unleashing the control on decisions
1. Designing for Innovative Learning:
Between Making Pedagogical Decisions
and Unleashing the Control on Decisions
Nadia Naffi
nadia.naffi@education.concordia.ca
2. Agenda
What is PBL?
PBL Model vs Flipped - Classroom
Model
Example of a PBL course
Challenges with PBL
Recommendations
5. The students and the facilitator discuss the issues
and decide what the problem is. They reflect on
various approaches to solving the problem (roles,
strategies, perspectives)
PBL
6. Start with prior knowledge
Identify knowledge gap
Formulate learning issues
PBL
7. Learners as independent thinkers
Self-regulated learning
Co-construction of knowledge
Focus on communication and interpersonal skills
PBL
9. “In the mid 1960's, John Evans, James
Anderson, Fraser Mustard, Bill Spaulding,
Bill Walsh and others were challenged to
create a new and innovative medical school
in Hamilton. Realizing that some physicians
practiced medicine almost solely by referring
to the knowledge gained during their
medical training, Evans and his colleagues
brought in the concept of self-directed,
lifelong learning. The patient is never "a
case," but rather a person requiring the most
thoughtful and up-to-date care.”
John G. Kelton, MD
Dean and Vice-President
Faculty of Health Sciences
McMaster University Health Sciences
John Evans
How It All Started…
11. At the centre of this revolution in medical education was Evans' idea
for small-group, self-directed, problem-based learning (PBL),
where there was to be less emphasis on the memorization of content
and the science of medicine and more focus on teaching the student
how to learn and solve problems. There would also be no
coursework, no exams and students would be in touch with patients
very early on in their training.
In describing the key difference of this early "McMaster Approach"
in an April 1997 Toronto Star article, Evans said: "In the first year of
medicine, instead of learning anatomy and physiology from books,
you started with patient problems. If you had a patient with gangrene
of the leg or foot, how would you deal with that, what is the nature of
the process, what could you do about it, how might you have
prevented it, what would you do to optimize the functioning of the
individual following treatment (amputation)?”
This was a drastic change to teaching medical students.
12. Is a student-centered approach
Starts with ill-defined open-ended situation or problems
Acknowledges the base of experience of learners
Facilitates a crossing of boundaries between disciplines
and the intertwining of theory and practice.
Focuses on the processes of knowledge acquisition
rather than the products of such processes.
Transforms the instructor into a facilitator
Changes the focus from staff assessment of outcomes
of learning to student self- and peer assessment
In a Nutshell, the PBL Approach…
13. Emphasizes on students taking responsibility for their own
learning
Offers students opportunities to learn how to learn
Encourages students to develop the ability to critique issues
and information, and to take up a position towards the
situation with which they have been presented
Supports students to learn in teams, develop presentation
skills, learn negotiation abilities and develop research skills
Focuses on communication and interpersonal skills so that
students understand that in order to relate their knowledge,
they require skills to communicate with others
In a Nutshell, the PBL Approach…
14. How does the PBL
model differ from
the flipped-
classroom model?
16. What are some of
the challenges that
come with the
flipped classroom
model?
17. Instructors:
Recorded lectures (effort & time)
Videos need to be updated
In-class elements to motivate students to prepare for
class
Students:
Loss of face-to-face lectures
Assigned video lectures are available to anyone online
No value of the hands-on portion in-class
Paying tuition for knowledge they can find on the web
Safe to skip a class
19. Digital Communication Technologies: Exploit
digital communication technologies to solve
problems in a social learning perspective
BA in Educational Studies and Digital
Technologies (ESDT): PBL adopted program-
wide
Fully online program
Students: 60 to 90 Full-time, part-time students
enrolled in the ESTD program + elective students
from Commerce, Business, Nursing, Computer
Engineering, Marketing, Criminology, etc.
Course Characteristics
25. Which social media platforms should Mary's teachers learn about, and how
will they do that?
What are the strategies that Mary's teachers should develop in order to teach
online?
How can Mary's teachers benefit from moving online? What could be the
goal that they would like to achieve professionally and personally?
How can Mary's staff use social media for a crowd funding campaign?
Which IT infrastructure is required for moving Mary's brick and mortar
school online?
What skills should students develop in order to succeed in an online course?
How to use social media to convince parents to enrol their children in Mary's
online courses?
How to use social media to promote the new online program?
How to use social media to recruit new teachers, experts in online learning?
How would potential teacher candidates use social media to attract head
hunters from Mary's school?
Examining the Problem
From Various Perspectives
27. OBJECTIVES
Students will describe the technical
advantages offered by digitalization
of communication technologies
Students will acquire skills and
strategies in the use of a variety of
current digital communication
technologies
Students will analyze and evaluate
different digital communication
technologies in terms of their
suitability for particular applications
Students will discuss the
affordances and limitations of digital
communications in terms of their
social, legal, and environmental
impact
EVALUATIONS
Networking, participating and sharing (Individual
and collective work for both sections)
1.Participate actively to the online tutorial sessions
2.Act as a moderator for the topic
3.Discuss readings and digital media resources
Course project (solutions to one the PBL
scenario) (Group work)
Students will use their individual and collective
experiences online and the relevant literature to
propose the best usage of social media for the
proposed PBL scenario. Students will
1.create instructional materials to explain the social
media platforms to use and the strategies to
follow; the digital artifact (video, infographic,
Prezi with voice-over, etc.)
2.present an overview of the context, the
breakdown of the problem, the gap analysis, the
rationale behind the suggested strategies and the
resources used.
Summary of experience Students will write 2
pages, double space, summary of experience in
the course (reflective rationalization), discussing
their online interactions, the strategies they tested
and their reflections about their experiences and
the affordances and limitations of digital
communication technologies
28. 12 modules
Week 1: Introduction to the Course
Week 2: Communicating f2f is Better: Breaking Traditional Models +
Discussing the PBL Scenario
Week 3: Digital Communication Environments and Netiquette (Facebook,
Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, Vine, Instagram, YouTube)
Week 4: Online Presence and Online Identity Management and Networking
Yourself
Week 5: Digital Communication Technologies and Education
Week 6: Aggregate, Filter, Connect
Week 7: Working in Collaboration (group work and CoPs)
Week 8: Digital Communication Technologies and Commerce
Week 9: Digital Communication Technologies and Liberal Profession
Week 10: Students’ Solutions to the PBL Case
Week 11: Students’ Solutions to the PBL Case
Week 12: Digital Communication Technologies and Society and Synthesis
of the Course
36. Challenges
One Account vs Different Accounts
Conversation vs Monologue
Quality vs Quantity
Engagement vs Last Minute Posts vs
Joining the party after everyone has left!
Focus on the Topic vs Off Topic Posts
47. Challenges
Group Decision vs Individual Decision
Collaboration vs Having a Free Ride
Group Evaluation vs Individual Evaluation
48. Instructor
Formative
Feedback
PBL Project & Feedback Loops
Peer
Formative
Feedback
Project
Part 1
Revision
Instructor
Formative
Feedback
Peer
Formative
Feedback
Project
Part 2
Revision
Projet
Part 2
Instructor
Summative
Feedback
Project
Discussion
Team
Building
Projet
Part 1
Completion
of Project
Parts 1 & 2
Ongoing Team Evaluation
49. Recommendations
Design the student experience not the delivery
of content
Design for students from different backgrounds
Find relevant/authentic problems
Provide feedback without correcting content
Facilitate discussion instead of lecturing
Manage group work, manage tensions and deal
with outsiders and left behind students
Tolerate the silence
Value students’ prior experience
Encourage active participation