1. Foundations of Ethics:
East to West
Ronnie Goodin
“For it is his dealings with those whom he can easily wrong which
reveal a man’s genuine unfeigned reverence for right & wrong.”
Plato, The Laws, p. 27 of Book 6 (p. 160)

2. WHAT IS ETHICS p. 8
C.S. Lewis compared ethics to a fleet of
ships & the orders tell the ships 3 things:
• How to cooperate with one another = Social
ethics.
• How to keep each ship afloat = Individual
ethics.
• What is the ship’s mission = Purpose of life!
“Managers draw on all the knowledges & insights of the humanities & the
social sciences – on psychology, & philosophy, on economics & history,
on ethics – as well as the physical sciences.” Peter Drucker, The Essential Drucker, p. 13

3. RELIGION (& ETHICS) 101
• Confucius
• Buddhists Max Weber
C. Hall, International
Business, p. 86-88
• Daoism/Taoism Dr. Peter Zhao Xiao
Former head of Economic
Research Institute
CONTRASTING
• Western Religions
Counterpoint: Has ancient law always been seen as righteous?
Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with thee, which frameth
mischief by a law. Psalm 94-20

4. 3 POISIONS (BUDDISM)
The Dalai Lama & Daniel Goleman, Destructive Emotions, xix
• Hatred
Counterpoint: “Greed is good”
Character Gordon Gecko
Movie: Wall Street
• Craving Dotlich, Cairo & Rhinesmith, Head, Heart & Guts, p. 93
• Delusion
DARK SIDE OF CAPITOLISM:
“The more we pursue material improvement, ignoring the contentment
that comes of inner growth, the faster ethical values disappear from
our communities.” The Dalai Lama & Daniel Goleman, Destructive Emotions, xiv

5. STATES OF MIND
The Dalai Lama & Daniel Goleman, Destructive Emotions, P. 67-68
Destructive States of Mind Constructive States of Mind
• Low self-esteem • Self-respect
• Over confidence • Self-esteem (if deserved)
• Harboring negative • Feelings of integrity
emotions • Compassion
• Jealousy & envy • Benevolence
• Lack of compassion • Generosity
• Inability to have close • Seeing the true, the
personal relations good, the right
• Love
• Friendship

6. JUDEO-CHRISTIANITY - DAOISM
There is an appointed time for everything. And there is
a time for every event under heaven--
• A time to give birth and a time to die;
A time to plant and a time to uproot what is planted.
• A time to kill and a time to heal;
A time to tear down and a time to build up.
• A time to weep and a time to laugh;
A time to mourn and a time to dance.
• A time to throw stones and a time to gather stones;
A time to embrace and a time to shun embracing.
• A time to search and a time to give up as lost;
A time to keep and a time to throw away.
• A time to tear apart and a time to sew together;
A time to be silent and a time to speak.
• A time to love and a time to hate;
A time for war and a time for peace. Ecclesiastes 3 by Solomon
Appx 900 BC

7. JUDEO-CHRISTIANITY - DAOISM
There is an appointed time for everything. And there
is a time for every event under heaven—
A time to give birth and a time to die;
A time to plant and a time to uproot what is
There is a time for being ahead,
planted. a time for being behind;
A time to kill and a time to heal;
A time to tear down and a time to build up. a time for being in motion,
A time to weep and a time to laugh;
A time to mourn and a time to dance. a time for being at rest;
A time to throw stones and a time to gather stones;
A time to embrace and a time to shun a time for being vigorous,
embracing.
A time to search and a time to give up as lost;
a time for being exhausted;
A time to keep and a time to throw away.
A time to tear apart and a time to sew together;
a time for being safe,
A time to be silent and a time to speak. a time for being in danger.
A time to love and a time to hate;
A time for war and a time for peace.
Ecclesiastes 3 by Solomon Tao Te Ching by Lao-tzu (551-479 BC)
interpreted by Stephen Mitchell
Appx 900 BC

8. CHRISTIANITY – BUDDHISM
LAW COMPARISON
10 COMMANDMENTS 5 BUDDHIST STRUGGLES
(last 5) AGAINST SIN
• Thou shalt not kill. • Abstain from killing.
• Thou shalt not commit • Abstain from illicit sex.
adultery.
• Thou shalt not steal. • Abstain from stealing.
• Thou shalt not bear false • Abstain from lying.*
witness. • Abstain from intoxication.
• Thou shalt not covet. China, John K. Fairbank & Merle Goldman, p. 79
Exodus 20: 13-17
*“Do not lie to anyone at all. There are exceptions, when lying can result in
great benefit to others, but they are rare.” Dalai Lama, How to Practice The Way to a Meaningful Life P. 106 & 112
In the East, “laws were subordinate to morality.” China, John K. Fairbank & Merle Goldman, p. 183

9. GOLDEN RULE(S)
• Christianity - Do unto others as you would
have them do unto you.
• Judaism – What is hurtful to yourself do
not do to your fellow man. That is the
whole of the Torah & the remainder is but
commentary.
• Islam - Do unto all men as you would wish
to have done unto you; & reject for others
what you would reject for yourselves.

10. GOLDEN RULE(S)
• Buddhism – Hurt not others that which pains yourself.
• Confucianism – Tzu-Kung asked, ‘Is there 1 principle
upon which one’s whole life may proceed?’ The Master
replied, ‘Is not Reciprocity such a principle? – what you
do not yourself desire, do not put before others.’
• Hinduism – This is the sum of all true righteousness –
Treat others, as thou wouldst thyself be treated. Do
nothing to thy neighbor, which hereafter thou wouldst
not have thy neighbor do to thee.

11. RIGHTEOUSNESS = INTEGRITY
(ETHICS)
Fire employees for ethics breech.
Packard of HP Collins & Porras, Built to Last, p. 191 VALUE FOUNDATION 2
Welch of GE, Winning, p. 161
Fairness trumps
integrity
Intuitive Beliefs
INTEGRITY
*Faith Based
Positive Peer
Pressure Critical Failure
Alignment
Dalia Lama, Ethics for the New Millennium

12. Injustice
Ignorance Justice Unholiness
Wisdom Holiness
VIRTUE
Cowardice
Foolishness
Temperance Courage
Is there one thing all citizens must share, if a state is to exist at all?
Protagoras & Socrates dialogue In Plato’s Protagoras, p. 56, 64-65.

13. ARISTOTLE’S GOLDEN MEAN
Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle [Richard McKeon] / Also, Plato, The Laws, Book 3, p. 31 (p. 85)
VIRTUE
EXCESS DEFICIT
Cowardice Courage Recklessness
Too sensitive Temperance Too insensitive
(to pleasure & pain)
Vanity Proper Pride False humility
Western Religion & Buddhism
Jim Collins, Good to Great
Counterpoint: Thomas Aquinas believes 3 virtues - faith, hope & love
is not a mean between 2 extremes.
Supplementary Point: Avoid the extremes. Confucius

14. Philosophy & Religious
Pre-Summary
• “Euripides, in his last plays, conceded that the
mystery of moral evil & of folly could no longer be
explained by external cause, by the bite of Ate, as
if by a spider, . . Men & women had to confront it
as part of their being.”Barbara W. Tuchman, March of Folly, p. 381
– A half millennia later, Jesus’ parable of the harvest
teaches the same lesson: good seeds & seeds of weeds
grow together in the field because removal of the bad
plants damage the roots of the good plants, both grow
together till the harvest when the good is only then
separated from the bad - one meaning is that good &
evil co-exist in a body.

15. HIRING – INTEGRITY
By the Seat of Your Pants, p. 52, Tom Gegax
• Everyone has bent or broken a rule at one time or
another. What was one of your recent transgressions &
what did you learn from it?
• Are all rules valid?
• If you felt a rule was unfair, what would you do about it?
• Have you ever broken a rule to satisfy a customer? If so,
how?
• Which is more important, customer service or making a
profit? Why?
Supporting Point - “Ask yourself: How often are brute integrity & explicit
communication worth the price of the listener’s goodwill, open-mindedness,
& receptivity to change?” Pascale & Athos, The Art of Japanese Management, p. 102

16. CRACK THE DOOR
ENCOURAGING UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
REWARDS
Daniel Pink, Drive
• “Often rewards inflict collateral damage.” P. 27 “They can give us more
of what we don’t want” P. 49
• “If someone’s baseline rewards aren’t adequate or equitable, her
focus will be on the unfairness of her situation & the anxiety of her
circumstance.” P. 35
• Carrots & sticks can encourage cheating, shortcuts, & unethical
behavior. P. 66
• “When the reward is the activity itself – deepening learning,
delighting customers, doing one’s best – there are no shortcuts. The
only route to the destination is the high road. In some sense, it’s
impossible to act unethically because the person who’s
disadvantaged isn’t a competitor but yourself.” P. 51
Law firms billing P. 99

17. DECISION PROCESS
The Essential Drucker, Peter Drucker, 242-243
Alfred Sloan
• “Clear realization that the problem is generic & could only be solved through a
decision that established a rule, a principle.
• The definition of the specifications that the answer to the problem had to
satisfy, that is, of ‘boundary conditions’.
• The thinking through what is right, that is the solution
that fully satisfies the specifications before attention is
given to compromises. . . needed to make the decision
acceptable.
• Building into the decision the action to carry it out.
• The ‘feedback’ that tests the validity & effectiveness of the decision against
the actual course of events.”
When Motorola founder, Paul Galvin, faced current industry practice of
misrepresenting company financial health, he responded, “Tell them the truth,
1st because it’s the right thing to do. . .” Collins & Porras, Built to Last, p. 82

18. ETHICS → VISION
• “. . . if the edges of the vision are blurred, you
don’t know what is ‘risk in pursuit of the vision’
as opposed to ‘risk for risk’s sake’.” Thriving on Chaos, Tom Peters, p.
522
• “Yes leadership is about vision . But leadership
is equally about creating a climate where the
truth is heard & brutal facts confronted. There is
a huge difference between the opportunity to
‘have your say’ & the opportunity to be heard.” Good
to Great, Jim Collins p. 74
“There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is
striking at the root, . .” Henry David Thoreau

19. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Charles Hill, International Business, 3rd Ed. p. 68-70
• Totalitarian countries
• Regulations variation between parent
company its foreign located organization
– Environment
– Sweatshops
• Corruption
– Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977)
• Bribes “. . . corruption tends to corrupt both
– Get a foot-in-the-door the bribe giver & the bribe taker.” p. 70
– Speed up approval process

20. GRAPPLING WITH ‘RIGHT’
David Dotlich, Peter Cairo & Stephen Rhinesmith, Head, Heart & Guts, p. 203 1 OF 2
• Why are you taking a stand on this particular issue?
– Has an ideal you hold dear been violated?
– Does it seem as if you can’t live with yourself if you don’t take this
stand?
• Have you examined your motivation for making a decision
or taking this action?
– Is this really a matter of integrity, or is there an element of self-
interest involved?
• Are you asked to do things by your boss or follow policies
in line with organizational values that you find personally
repugnant?
– Have you attempted to articulate your feelings about this subject to
senior leaders?
– Have you looked for alternatives that might make your job more
acceptable from a personal values perspective?

21. GRAPPLING WITH ‘RIGHT’
David Dotlich, Peter Cairo & Stephen Rhinesmith, Head, Heart & Guts, p. 203 1 OF 2
• Do you feel your belief in the right or wrong way to do things at work
has evolved over time?
– Have certain experiences allowed you to adapt & adjust your attitude, or
are you so dug in that nothing will move you to consider another definition
of what’s right?
• Do you distinguish between organizational-legal ethics & personal
integrity?
– Are there situations in which you act in ways that conform to ethical
behavior, as the board might interpret it, but still feel that you’re doing
something that goes against your principles?
• What are the risks if you take a stand on this issue?
– How do you want people to interpret this action?
– What is it you are trying to ‘say’?
“Counterpoint: “And he who defines his conduct by ethics
imprisons his song-bird in a cage.” Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet, p. 77

22. LEADERSHIP DIAGNOSTICS
Henry Cloud, Necessary Endings, p. 119, Ch. 7
THREE TYPES OF PEOPLE
Referring to unhealthy conflict:
WISE “If you hear no evil, see no evil,
& speak no evil, evil will not
Of course, each type
FOOLISH cease to exist.”
John C. Maxwell, Winning with People, p. 111
must be dealt with differently. EVIL
A wise man is cautious & turns away from
evil, but a fool is arrogant & careless. A time to love,
Solomon Proverbs 14:16
A time to hate,
“Better give your path to a dog, than be bitten Ecclesiastes 3:8
By him in contesting the right. Even
Killing the dog would not cure the bite.” “The transparent leader fights evil.”
Lincoln, Donald Phillips, Lincoln on Leadership, p. 82 Herb Baum, The Transparent Leader, p. 160

23. PHILOSOPHICAL &
RELIGIOUS VIEW OF EVIL
• PLATO
– “But one person who has within himself a pair of unwise &
conflicting counselors, whose names are pleasure & pain?” Book 1, p.21
– “. . .but one thing is certain: these interior states are, so to say, the
cords, or strings, by which we are worked; they are opposed to one
another, & pull us with opposite tensions in the direction of
opposite actions, & therein lies the division of virtue from vice.” Plato,
The Laws, Book 1, p.22
• Jesus
– Parable of the sower
• Kahlil Gibran (in 1923 in this book, The Prophet)
– “You cannot separate the just from the unjust & the good from the
wicked; For they stand together before the face of the sun even as
the black thread & the white are woven together.” P. 41
– “These things move within you as light & shadows in pairs that
cling.” P. 49
©

24. PRE-CONCLUSION
Dalai Lama Ethics for the New Millennium
Ethical Discipline
EXERCISE RESTRAINT CULTIVATE VIRTUE p. 146
p.87
• Anger • Love
• Hatred • Compassion
• Greed • Patience
• Pride • Tolerance
• Selfishness • Forgiveness
“The undisciplined mind is like an elephant. If left to blunder around out of
control, it wreaks havoc.” p. 82

25. ETHICS & THE LAW (CONCLUSION)
• Dark side of law according Paul Romans 7: 7-12
What then should we say? That the law is sin? By no means! Yet, if
it had not been for the law, I would not have known sin. I would
not have known what it is to covet if the law had not said, “You
shall not covet.” But sin, seizing an opportunity in the
commandment, produced in me all kinds of covetousness. Apart
from the law sin lies dead. I was once alive apart from the law, but
when the commandment came, sin revived & I died, & the very
commandment that promised life proved to be death to me. For
sin, seizing an opportunity in the commandment, deceived me &
through it killed me.
 Taoism
“ . . . if you need rules to be kind & just . . . this is a sure sign virtue
is absent. . .” Lao-tzu Tao Te Ching, 18th verse
What is ethics? “Ethics is others”
According to John Dalla Costa, author of The Ethical Imperative
Leadership from the Inside Out, 2nd Ed., Kevin Cashman, p. 85

26. ANIMAL KINGDOM MODEL? 1 of 6 Abdullah Yusuf Ali translator Qur’an footnote 427
Ex: Depth of Fear
(or Usefulness of Fear)
Turkeys
Cattle - Cats
Prepare for inevitable
Squirrels Preempting the undesirable
Controlling the controllable
Chickens Henry Mintzberg, The Rise & Fall of Strategic
Planning, p. 17-18
“. . . there is an innate rightness to the recurring
forms of nature.” David Bayles & Ted Orland, Art & Fear, p. 103
“I found . . . that applying steady pressure from the rear worked best. Eventually, one
would decide to pass through the gate; & the rest would follow. Press too hard & they’d
panic, scattering in all directions. Slack off entirely & they’d just head back to their old
grazing spots. That insight was useful throughout my management career.”
David Packard, HP Way, p. 69-70

27. REMEMBER
Kenneth Lay
NY Times Reporter
Enron
Jayson Blair
Ted Kaczynski
Unabomber
Harvard graduate
Martha Stewart

28. George Harrison Angelina Jolie

29. Brad Stevens
Butler Univ.
Tim Tebow
• Humility
• Passion
• Unity
Tony Dungy • Servant-hood
Lombardi
• Thankfulness

30. President Chester Arthur “I tried so hard to do the right thing.”
President Grover Cleveland

31. Reggie White
Steve Young

32. CO
N NC
IO LU
US SI
N CL ON
CO
At the end, one thing you should not say is.
‘I should have.’
“I have fought a good fight, I have finished my
course, I have kept the faith.” Paul S1

33. •
ETHICS’ REFERENCES
Ethics for the New Millennium, Dalai Lama
• Destructive Emotions, p. 67-68, The Dalai Lama & Daniel Goleman
• The Modern Scholar – Ethics, Peter Kreeft
• The Republic, Plato
• Protagoras, p. 56, 64-65, Plato
• Tao Te Ching, Lao-tzu
• By the Seat of Your Pants, p. 107-118, Tom Gegax
• Head, Heart & Guts, D. Dotlich, P. Cairo & S. Rhinesmith, p. 203
• Ecclesiastes, Ch. 3, Solomon
• Thriving on Chaos, Tom Peters, p. 519, 522
• Built to Last, Jim Collins & Jerry Porras, p. 82
• Good to Great, Jim Collins, p. 74
• The Divine Conspiracy, Dallas Willard, p.83, 326 1st presented as a tutorial
at the International System
• Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle [W. D. Ross] Safety Society
• The Transparent Leader, Herb Baum