Campus Journalism 101: Augmenting Campus Journalism Proficiency-A Catalyst of Change

Campus Journalism
VOL. I NO. 1

FOR VOX NOVA November 4, 2013

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Augmenting Campus Journalism
Proficiency: A Catalyst for Change
The ABCs of Student Publication Writing

“Campus Journalism 101
News Writing
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Feature Writing
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Opinion Writing”
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Myron Sta. Ana
Resource Speaker

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Primary Objective
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By the end of this 4-hour seminar, everyone
should have been able to:
 Learn and apply the basics of campus journalism by:
Knowing how to write news, feature and opinion
articles
 Appreciate campus journalism’s important role in
keeping the faculty, the school administration, and
the studentry informed, interested, inspired, and
influenced.

Campus Journalism
101

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Basics of Campus Journalism

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What is Journalism?
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According to Wikipedia, Journalism is:
- a method of inquiry and literary style used in
social and cultural representation.
- it is a public service machinery in the
dissemination and analysis of news and
information.

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What is Journalism?
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Whereas, according to The Free Dictionary, it
is:
- the collecting, writing, editing, and presenting
of news or news articles in newspapers and
magazines and in radio and television
broadcasts.

What/Who is a Journalist?
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- a person who practices or prepares journalism.
- a professional who collects, organizes, writes,
edits, presents, and distributes news or
information via the newspaper, magazine, TV,
radio.

Areas of Journalism
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 Print Publishing (newspapers and magazines)
 Television
 Radio
 Internet (online newspapers, e-zine, blogs, and
vlogs)

What is Campus Journalism?
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- a microcosm of journalism in general in
schools.
- journalism carried out by students on subjects
related to campus life or issues published in
publications only intended for campus
distribution and readership.

Campus Journalism
101

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Benefits of Campus Journalism

Benefits of Campus Journalism?
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 It serves as a training ground for those who
desire to pursue journalism or teaching it as a
profession.

 It acts as an instrument for keeping students and
the faculty informed and updated about
everything they are ought to know.

Benefits of Campus Journalism?
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 It brings up matters that the school and its
stakeholders should be concerned about or
proud of.

 It is an avenue for freedom of expression or of
the press.

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Campus Journalism
101

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Roles of Campus Journalism

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Four I‟s of Campus Journalism
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 INFORM
 INFLUENCE
 INTEREST
 INSPIRE

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Republic Act 7079
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Campus Journalism Act of 1991
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF
CAMPUS JOURNALISM AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES

Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy
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It is the declared policy of the State to uphold and
protect the freedom of the press even at the
campus level and to promote the development and
growth of campus journalism as a means of
strengthening ethical values, encouraging critical
and creative thinking, and developing moral
character and personal discipline of the Filipino
youth. In furtherance of this policy, the State shall
undertake various programs and projects aimed at
improving the journalistic skills of students
concerned and promoting responsible and free
journalism.

Qualifications of a Campus Journalist
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Sec. 3 (c). Definition of Terms states:
 Must be enrolled for the current semester or term

 Was passed or met the qualification and standards of the
editorial board
 Must likewise maintain a satisfactory academic standing.

Rights of a Student Publication
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Sec. 5. Funding of Publication states:
Funding for the student publication may include the savings of
the respective school's appropriations, student
subscriptions, donations, and other sources of funds.
In no instance shall the Department of Education, Culture and
Sports or the school administration concerned withhold the
release of funds sourced from the savings of the
appropriations of the respective schools and other sources
intended for the student publication. Subscription fees
collected by the school administration shall be released
automatically to the student publication concerned.

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Sec. 7. Security of Tenure states:

A member of the publication staff must maintain
his or her status as student in order to retain
membership in the publication staff. A student
shall not be expelled or suspended solely on
the basis of articles he or she has written or
on the basis of the performance of his or
her duties in the student publication.

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Sec. 8. Tax Exemption states:

Pursuant to paragraph 4, Section 4, Article XIV of
the Constitution, all grants, endowments,
donations, or contributions used actually, directly
and exclusively for the promotion of campus
journalism as provided for in this Act shall be
exempt from donor's or gift tax.

Campus Journalism
101

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Characteristics of Campus
Journalists

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Characteristics of Campus Journalists
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 They should gather and learn information fast
and easily.
 They should have the right ATTITUDE.
 They should set the highest possible standards
for themselves.

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 They should write effectively.
 They should have the built-in radar for
newsworthy issues and events.
 They should possess critical and creative
thinking skills.

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 They should and can engage their audience.
 They are multimedia narrators.

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Campus Journalism
101

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Responsibilities of Campus
Journalists

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Responsibilities of Campus
Journalists
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY

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Our Agenda
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Basics of News Writing
- Workshop
Basics of Feature Writing
- Workshop
Basics of Opinion Writing
-Workshop

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Campus Journalism
101

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Parts of a News Article

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Headline
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- must catch the scanner’s attention and should
summarize the entire story in a few words.
- should be in bolded and larger fonts.
Example:
“P-noy: I am not a thief”
Female cop found dead at Crame crime lab

Headline
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Guidelines for Writing a Good Headline:
1. Think of it last.
2. Shorten or lengthen it according to the width
and/or number of columns provided.
3. Capitalize only the first word, the proper nouns,
and the next word after a colon.
4. Write a colon after a source’s name or position.
5. Use an active voice in present tense.

Headline
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Guidelines for Writing a Good Headline
(cont‟d):
6. Use a semi-colon to separate two different
thoughts.
7. Never start the headline with a verb.
8. Use the infinitive verb (to report…) if a story is
about future events.
9. Never use articles at the beginning of the title.

Byline
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- contains the name of the writer and sometimes,
his specialty.
Example:
Myron Sta. Ana
Sports Writer

Placeline
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- refers to the writer’s location or where the story
took place/originated.
Example:
New York - …

Lede/Lead/Hook
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- Journalism slang word for the first or two sentences
of a story.
- Must interest the reader in the rest of the story.

Example:
Stung by the label of “pork barrel king,”
President Aquino lashed out last night at what
he described as attempts to muddle the issue of
thievery in the pork barrel scam. (31 words)

Lede/Lead/Hook
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Guidelines for Writing a Good Lede:
1. Decide which aspect or detail will be
emphasized.
2. Summarize the gist of your news but do not
sacrifice specificity.
3. Limit it to one or two sentences with just 25-40
words.
4. Avoid highfalutin words but make it catchy.

Lede/Lead/Hook
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Guidelines for Writing a Good Lede:
6. Keep it short.
7. Get to the point.
8. Focus on the action by using the active voice.
9. Hook the reader.

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Body
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- it provides details or further information about the
lead.
- Must be divided into short paragraphs of brief
sentences.
Ex. Days after President Aquino appeared on
national television to defend the Disbursement
Acceleration Program (DAP) and castigate his
critics, Malacañang made clear yesterday
Aquino remains firm in his position and is not
about to temper his fiscal powers.

Campus Journalism
101

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How to Write a News Story

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1. Research your material
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Tips for finding scoops:
1. Ask the right people the right questions.
2. Look around and find them.
3. Be the first to know current events in and around
the campus or that indirectly and directly affects it.

4. Read stories, reports, public records, and other
printed materials.

2. Organize your information
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How to outline a newspaper article:
1. Begin with a lead.
- Indicate the who, what, when, where, why and
how.
2. Use the inverted pyramid style.
- Most important information first followed by
the rest of the details.

2. Organize your information (cont‟d)
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How to outline a newspaper article:
3. Source the data.
- Include facts and data and mention the
source.
4. Include Quotations.
- Get quotes from involved and relevant people.

3. Craft the lead
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5 Ws and the H:
WHO is involved? Who is affected? Who is going
to benefit?
WHAT is the news about and which matters to the
readers?

3. Craft the lead (cont‟d)
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5 Ws and the H:
WHEN did the event happen? When will it
happen? How long will it last for?
WHERE will the event take place?

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3. Craft the lead (cont‟d)
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5 Ws and the H:
WHY is the event important and necessary? Why
is the story being written and reported to begin
with? Why is it newsworthy?
HOW will something work? How is something
possible? How is it done?

4. Elaborate on the lead
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The inverted pyramid style:
Summary of the Most
Important Facts
More details or
background
Additional
details
Conclusion

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5. Transition well
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TRANSITIONS are words, phrases, sentences,
and even paragraphs that connect ideas and show
their relationships in a news article.

They help organize the flow of the story and make
the structure look better and make more sense.

5. Transition well (cont‟d)
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How to transition seamlessly and logically:
Show that a new idea expands on what was
previously stated.
in addition, additionally, and, similarly, also, as
well, furthermore, moreover, further, besides, on
top of, too, over and above, then

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Show an example, illustrate an idea, or
prove a point.
for example, for instance, as an illustration, to
illustrate, namely, like, as, specifically,
particularly, in particular, in fact, the fact of the
matter is, in point of fact, the truth is, in this
manner, this way, in this way

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Emphasize or show stress.
indeed, even, in fact, of course, naturally,
obviously, definitely, absolutely, perfectly,
actually, certainly, surely

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Show differentiation or contrast.
despite, but, nevertheless, nonetheless,
notwithstanding, however, although, even
though, yet, still, on the other hand, in contrast,
on the contrary, conversely, contrastingly, in spite
of, albeit

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Show similarities.
in like manner, in the same way, similarly,
likewise, equally, just the same, in the same
manner

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Show logical relationships or cause and
effect.
because, as, thus, therefore, hence, for this reason,
as a result, so, consequently, accordingly, ergo,
accordingly, thereby,

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Show time relationships.
meanwhile, in the interim, between, during,
simultaneously, since, afterward, after, before,
earlier, later, then, formerly, immediately, at
once, shortly, currently, now, recently, in the end,
thereafter

6. Quotes help
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Guidelines for source attribution:
1. Be specific. Cite a person or an organization.

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For example:
A report says that 15 days after the 7.2-magnitude
earthquake in Cebu and Bohol, the number of casualties
continues to rise with the current death toll reaching 222.
15 days after 7.2-magnitude earthquake in Cebu and
Bohol, the number of casualties continues to rise with the
death toll reaching 222, according to a report by the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council (NDRRMC).

6. Quotes help (cont‟d)
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2. Never claim somebody else’s quote as yours. It is
either you quote someone you interviewed yourself
or you do not quote at all.
If you are going to quote someone you did not
interview yourself, have the decency to mention
who owns the quote.

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Example (good citation):
“Manny’s camp is making a big mistake if
they think Rios is gonna be a pushover,” says
Bob Arum in an interview by Boxing
Scene.

6. Quotes help (cont‟d)
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2. Avoid speculating or judging. Stay away from
subjective language like “admit”, “imply”, etc.
3. Never speculate. Refrain from saying “might”,
“could”, “perhaps”, “maybe”, etc.

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7. Conclude your article
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Options for wrapping up a news story:
1. Restate the lead.
2. State potential future developments regarding
the article.

3. Provide information on the next step.

7. Conclude your article (cont‟d)
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Options for wrapping up a news story:
4. Indicate where to get or read additional
information (give website addresses, contact
information, or persons to reach).

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Campus Journalism
101

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How to Write a Feature Article

What is a Feature Story/Article?
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Feature Stories/Articles
- are interesting articles that focus on certain
people, places, events, or subject matters like
career, relationships, money, health, lifestyle,
etc.
- are longer, more in-depth, and more elaborate
than hard news stories.

What is a Feature Story/Article?
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Feature Stories/Articles
- make use of the upright pyramid style rather
than the inverted pyramid approach most of the
time.
- are not opinion essays or editorials and should
not be confused with creative writing or works
of fiction.

Qualities of a Well-Written Feature
Story
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 Well-researched
 Catchy

 Descriptive
 Exciting
 Reflective

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Qualities of a Well-Written Feature
Story
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 Emotional
 Engaging
 Neutral
 Thorough


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Different Types of Feature Stories
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HUMAN INTEREST
discusses issues through the
experiences of another person

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PROFILE
talks about the life and
characteristics of a prominent
person

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HOW-TO
educates readers by walking them
thru how a process or an activity
is done

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HUMOR
pokes fun at or draws laughter from
a person, place, event, or any
other topics

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HISTORICAL
commemorates important dates in
history or turning points in social,
political and cultural
developments

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SEASONAL
features holidays, life
achievements, and even social,
political, cultural, and business
cycles

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BEHIND THE SCENES
highlights what goes on in private
with unusual occupations, issues,
details, events, procedures,
activities, and secrets that are not
known to the public

Few Things to Remember
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 Your opinion and mood are not important to the
story.
 You should keep yourself out of the story by
using the third person.

Campus Journalism
101

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Steps in Writing a Feature Article

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“Writing is an exploration. You start
from nothing and learn as you go.”
E.L. Doctorow
Famous American Author

1. Find your story.
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How to source stories:
o
o
o
o

Observation
Interview
Background Research
Brainstorming

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2. Learn more about it by gathering
information.
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“If you start with a bang, you won’t end
with a whimper.”
T.S. Eliot
Famous American Essayist and Playwright

3. Decide on the type you want to
write about and its purpose.
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4. Think about the best style and
choose the single focus.
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5. Organize the feature into three parts
(introduction, body, and conclusion).
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6. Grab the reader‟s attention by
covering the 5 Ws and the H
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How to draw readers in your introduction:
 Provoke the reader's interest by making an
unusual statement.
 Provide any necessary background information.
 Invite the reader to take sides by making a
controversial statement.

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How to draw readers in your introduction:
 Heighten the drama of an event or incident to
intensify its appeal.
 Establish the writer's tone.
 Create a relationship between the writer and
the reader.

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Types of Feature Article Ledes/Leads:
Question Lead – Draws your reader in with a
question.
Set-up Lead – Sets up the mood or the tone of
the entire story in a few sentences.
Talking Lead – Starts with a line or two of your
or somebody else’s dialogue.
Snapshot Lead – Creates a picture of the setting
or the person in the reader’s mind

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Types of Feature Article Ledes/Leads:
Factual Lead – Uses statistics and hard facts at the outset
to gain immediate interest.
Quotation Lead – Uses well-known sayings or quotes a
famous or influential person and drawing on either one
Anecdotal Lead – Shares one’s or somebody else’s story
or just a part of the experience.
Surprise Lead – Contains an element of surprise, being
unusual, or something that the reader might least expect.

7. Use short paragraphs but vary the
length of sentences for effect.
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The body of your article consists of a sufficient
number of paragraphs that expand the lede of the
article into details.

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The usual components of the body are:
Subheadings.
Facts and statistics which support the writer's
content.
Opinions from authorities and experts.
Quotes and Interviews

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The usual components of the body are:
Anecdotes and stories.
Specific names, places and dates.
Photographs, tables, diagrams and graphs.
Subheadings.

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8. Keep that attention and enhance it
by adding creative details.
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8. Leave a lasting impression by
concluding it effectively.
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How to end the article with an impact:
• Remind the reader of the article's main point or
focus.
• Suggest an appropriate course of action.
• Encourage a change of attitude or opinion.
• Pose a challenge to the reader.

9. Then, write the title.
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What makes an effective headline:
 Something that sticks and persuades the reader
to peruse the article.
 Something that encapsulates into very few
words the main idea of the article.
 Something that includes key words that revolve
on the focus of the article.

Campus Journalism
101

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How to Write an Opinion or OpEd

What is an Opinion Article?
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An opinion story is a quite long article that
presents a writer’s (usually one of the editors)
opinion on an important social, political,
economic, or legal issues and aims to persuade
readers to agree on a particular point of view.

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What are opinion stories for?
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Editorials are meant to:
 Influence public opinion
 Promote critical thinking
 Cause people to take action on an issue

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Types of Opinion Materials
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Explanation – explains the way the writer
discussed a sensitive or controversial topic on its
previous article.
Critique – gives constructive feedback about other
people or groups’ actions, decisions, viewpoints, or
situations while providing solutions.

Defense – stands up for an individual or an
organization and its actions which are under attack
by the society

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Persuasion – contrary to the critique, this leads
the readers to see the solution and not the
problem. This intends to encourage readers to
take a specific action immediately.
Praise – commends people and organizations
for something done well.

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Advocacy – promotes a cause, a campaign, or a
decision by backing it up with strong arguments
or endorsement

Prediction – explains what will potentially
happen or how something might progress or end
with facts, evidence or numbers.

1. Pick a significant topic that has a
current news angle and would interest
readers
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Tip for choosing the editorial issue:

IT SHOULD BE A CURRENT
ISSUE

2. Collect information and facts
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INCLUDE OBJECTIVE
REPORTING AND DO
RESEARCH

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3. State your issue briefly in the
fashion of a thesis statement
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For example:
Evidence has shown that music education
promotes cognitive development, so funding
music programs at all levels of the school system
should be a high priority for state governments.

4. Explain the issue objectively and
tell why the situation is important
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Offer facts and quotations using the 5 Ws
and the H

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5. Give opposing viewpoint first with
its quotations and facts
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Identify the people, the decision, or the
organization that opposes you and state
their strong opinions objectively.

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6. Refute the other side and develop
your case.
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 Use facts, details, figures, quotations and pick
apart the other side’s logic.
 Segue using a transitional word, phrase, or
sentence and directly contradict the
opposition’s beliefs.

7. Concede a point of the opposition
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They must have some good points
you can acknowledge that would
make you look rational and fair if
not objective.

8. Repeat key phrases to reinforce an
idea into the reader's minds.
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9. Give a realistic solution(s) to the
problem.
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Encourage critical thinking and pro-active
reaction.

10. Wrap it up in a concluding punch
that restates your opening remark.
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11. Keep it to 500-800 words
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Make every word count.
Never use „I‟.

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Campus Journalism
101

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What to do and assure before
submitting your article for
approval and publication

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Review your work
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Here are questions you should ask yourself:
 Does your article have a comprehensible
structure? Have you presented the facts in an
orderly manner?
 Are the facts complete and accurate?
 Can the your words and grammar be simplified
more or presented better?

Review your work
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Here are questions you should ask yourself:
 Have you used quotes to make your story more
credible and enliven its content?
 Have you observed proper and ethical
attribution?
 Have you read through it again? Can it get any
better?

Proofread for spelling and grammar
lapses
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Beat the deadline but don‟t beat up
quality.
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Social Media and Contact Information
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Facebook: www.facebook.com/MyronStaAnaTCS
Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/MyronStaAna
Twitter: www.twitter.com/MyronStaAna
Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/MyronStaAna
Youtube: www.youtube.com/MyronStaAna
Website: www.MyronStaAna.com

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“I still believe that if your aim is to change
the world, journalism is a more immediate
short-term weapon,” said Sir Tom Stoppard
– Academy and Tony Award-winning
playwright.

Campus Journalism 101: Augmenting Campus Journalism Proficiency-A Catalyst of Change

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Campus Journalism 101: Augmenting Campus Journalism Proficiency-A Catalyst of Change