Spatial and Inter-Sectoral Divergence in ICT Use for Poverty Reduction

1. Project Title Spatial and Inter-Sectoral divergence in the use of Information and
Communication Technology in Poverty Alleviation
,
2. Summary of the
Project
Information and communication technologies (ICT) continue to percolate to all
spheres of our society. The role of ICT is catalytic in the complex task of
poverty reduction by leveraging the effects on earnings opportunities, on
educational and health services, on good governance and on promoting
democracy. Since information exchange is part of nearly every element of the
economy, the impact of improvements in the capacity for information exchange
will depend critically on how the rest of the economy functions. This suggests
the centrality of a holistic approach in evaluating the impact of ICT. The aim of
this research programme is to bring wider and sustainable impact of emerging
technologies into local development. Also the study intends to find the best
way of utilizing emerging technologies in poverty reduction initiatives. Study will
use Longitudinal Research Design to capture data from ICT surveys between
years 2005-2010. These data include income, ICT trends and use in Tanzania
and poverty trends. The study will compare ICT use levels in both regional and
district levels (inter and intra regional differences). The study area will be
conducted in Tanga, Dodoma and Ruvuma regions. The outcome is reduced
income poverty among rural communities through enhanced access to
information and quality of service delivery. The expected output is a report that
assesses the links and niche ICT have to all major goals of MKUKUTA. On the
other hand, the report will consider ICT as a sector and provide
recommendations on strategic interventions to boost its contribution in
economic growth strategy.
3. Proposed Project
Duration
The project will be implemented for 18 months
4. Background
Information
Poverty means different things to different people. It is a hydra-headed
concept, hence conceptualized in different ways in the literature. On a wide
dimension, there is poverty when a household or an individual is unable to
meet what is considered as a minimum requirement to sustain livelihood in a
given society (Ogwumike, 2001). Poverty is painful. The Poor suffer physical,
emotional and moral pains (Deepa et al, 2000), live without fundamental
freedoms of action and choice that the better off take for granted (Sen, 1999).
They often lack adequate food and shelter, education and health deprivations
that keep then from leading the kind of life that every one values. They also
face extreme vulnerability to ill health, economic dislocation, and natural
disasters. And they are often exposed to ill treatment by institutions of the state
and society and are powerless to influence key decisions affecting their lives.
These are all dimensions of poverty (World Bank, 2001). A hungry man that is
fed at a particular time has not been delivered out of poverty. A person that is
alleviated from poverty must be empowered/ helped to permanently overcome
poverty rather than just for sometime. This could be done by helping him or her
to: secure a sustainable job, acquire skills that would be enough to provide
regular source of earning and actively contribute towards the national
productivity level.
ICTs are often viewed as near-magic solutions to problems related to poverty.
They are extremely powerful tools that have proven useful in many areas of
world. ICTs are also found as tools that open new opportunities and new
threats (often by virtue of each other). They have a far more enabling role in

building the capacity of the intermediary institutions that work for poverty,
rather than directly affecting poor themselves. ICTs have the greatest potential
to act as a facilitator for specific development initiatives. Access to ICTs
provides information on prices, markets, technology, and weather to the poor
people especially in rural areas.
In recent years the world’s policy makers have recognized that Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) provides key inputs for economic
development, contributes to global integration, and enhances public sector
effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency. A good communication and
information infrastructure is an essential part of overall business success; it
can improve the connectivity between firms, suppliers, and clients as well as
provide business opportunities, especially for companies that are physically
distant from urban centers.
5. Problem and
justification
This research/study manifest from stakeholder’s demands of the knowledge on
extent and causes of spatial and inter-sectoral diversity on use of ICT. The
paper by ESCAP (2009) shows that there is considerable demand for spatial
information, but the constraining factor has been the absence of an enabling
spatial-information policy, structures, systems, guidelines for metadata
management and coordination of spatial and inter-sectoral data to support
decision making at all sector and geographical points. Due to this ICT use has
remained effectively used in urbanized areas and rarely in rural areas but
again extensively used in the urbanized productive sectors such as
manufacturing and commercial and very little use in agriculture and natural
resources sectors of the developing countries. However such level of
geographical and inter-sectoral diversity in ICT use and their respective factors
are yet to receive scientific evidence. Conversely, the study intends to fill the
knowledge gap that to what extent spatial and inter-sectoral diversity use of
ICT cause poverty differential as it is proved by Tambo (2009), that still there
is very little solid evidence to convince a skeptic that ICTs are reducing poverty
in more than a handful of the (often quoted) examples.
The rationale of this study base on its relevance as it focuses on addressing
causes of spatial poverty differences basing on the use of ICT. The study
results will identify spatial and inter-sectoral differences on the use of ICT will
be reduced and the marginalized communities will be able to exploit
opportunities related to ICT hence to integrate into their productive activities.
Through identification of factors which cause spatial and inter-sectoral
disparities in use of ICT, the study will be able to provide policy
recommendations on the appropriate ways of mainstreaming ICT use into rural
sectors and ensure a harmonized inter-sectoral connectivity of ICT systems
and devices for an integrated ICT system between sectors and various spatial
units. Again the study results are expected to show an empirically proved
linkage between ICT and human growth and later poverty reduction initiatives.
As a result study findings will be useful to provide practical solutions in
reducing of spatial differences hence to reduce political, economic and social
rival ness between Tanzania regions and districts and respective sectors
6. Objectives THE main goal of this study is to reduces poverty among rural communities in
Tanzania through improved service delivery in LGA. The main objective of this
research proposal is assessing spatial and inter-sectoral divergences in use of

ICT in reducing income poverty in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intends to ;
1. assess the magnitude spatial and inter-sectoral divergence of ICT use
2. identify factors that influence spatial and inter-sectoral divergence of
ICT use
3. assess effects of spatial and inter-sectoral divergence of ICT use in
poverty reduction initiatives
4. recommends on approaches and policy measures towards best use
and adaptation of ICT in Tanzania.
7. Research
questions A number research questions and indicators will be developed to assess the
extent of ICT use by spatial and sectors distribution, factors which hinder
spatial and sectoral balance in the use of ICT and effects of ICT use in human
growth and poverty reduction. Such indicators and respective questions are as
follows;
• Network Access – What are the availability, cost and quality of ICT
networks, services and equipments by an area and sector?
• Networked Learning – Does the educational system integrate ICTs into its
processes to improve learning? Are there technical training programmes in the
community that can train and prepare an ICT workforce?
• Networked Society – To what extent are individuals using information and
communication technologies at work and in their personal lives? Are there
Significant opportunities available for those with ICT skills?
• Networked Economy – How are areas and sectors use information and
communication technologies to interact with the market and suppliers and with
each other?
• Network Policy – To what extent does the ICT environment promote or
hinder the growth of ICT adoption and use?
.Institutional and Structural – How the sectoral relationships and
geographical positions affects trend and magnitude ICT use?
. Financial/Budget – What is the sectoral and area budget on ICT and what
livelihood effects it impose in the local communities?
. Economic Implications- Does spatial and sectoral diversity on ICT use pose
social and economic (income, food security) divergences?
8. Literature review By definition, ICTs include electronic networks – embodying complex hardware
and software - linked by a vast array of technical protocols (Mansell and
Silverstone, 1996). ICTs are embedded in networks and services that affect the
local and global accumulation and flows of public and private knowledge.
According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, ICTs cover
Internet service provision, telecommunications equipment and services,
information technology equipment and services, media and broadcasting,
libraries and documentation centres, commercial information providers,
network-based information services, and other related information and
communication activities. This is quite an expansive definition (ECA, 1999). It
is not uncommon to find definitions of ICTs that are synonymous with those of
information technology (IT). For example, Foster defines IT as 'the group of
technologies that is revolutionizing the handling of information' and embodies a
convergence of interest between electronics, computing and communication
(Drew and Foster, 1994).

ICTs offer the potential to share information across traditional barriers, to give
a voice to traditionally unheard peoples, to provide valuable information that
enhances economic, health and educational activities. But ICTs are only a tool:
pro-poor development must consider ICTs a means in the fight against poverty,
not an end. Many of the genuinely “pro-poor” aspects of ICT-enabled growth
may arise only indirectly.
The growth in infrastructure and the resulting connectedness (especially
because of roads, but also thanks to electricity) has been shown to be an
immensely important factor governing the growth in household income. Studies
show that pro-poor growth can be found where infrastructure services help to
enhance the productivity of the poor:
• Market expansion and improvement (reduction of transaction costs).
• Reduction of important dimensions of the risks that are inhibiting
private investment in manufacturing and agriculture.
• Reduction of the community and household risks from natural and
man-made disasters, and health emergencies.
• Contribution to empowerment (to a degree in the short term and
especially for the long term), by providing inputs – of communication
facilities and mobility, energy and water supply – that are essential for
the spread of education and health services to strengthen the human
capital of the poor.
ICT infrastructure also demonstrates these characteristics, for instance:
• Access to market data can assist market expansion and reduce
transaction costs.
• Traders can reduce risk of overstocking by using ICTs to confirm
supply and demand.
• Emergency warnings by various media can substantially reduce risks.
• The combination of rural roads and ICTs can lead to more effective
responses to health.
Dymond & Oestmann (2002) offer a basic conceptual and practical foundation
for discussing the role of ICTs in uplifting poor communities. They say the
problem is between rich and poor, and urban and rural/remote areas. In
addition, not all ICTs are easily delivered or assimilated in poor or remote
areas, for both technical and operational reasons. Yet, the poor must have
access to information to develop, as access is no longer a luxury for a few.
They argue that even the poor are willing to send money to use information-
related services (further evidence from Kayani and Dymond, 1997).
Consequently, the problem to be addressed by policymakers is not that of
affordability but that of supply strategy and policy. Given this contention, they
suggest a structural way of addressing digital-divide issues and the expected
response from policymakers. They report on rural telecommunications
developments in Uganda as a potential model for other countries in Africa to
consider. They believe that the only way to address the needs of poorer
communities for ICT development is to enact complementary polices and the
measures in this context include: good regulation and favourable
‘interconnection rules’; universal service and universal access funds; special

licenses for companies; and incentives and rewards for technology companies
and service providers to contribute resources to projects that benefit poorer
areas and communities similar to what Dymond had written in the year 2000.
9. Methodology Study will use Longitudinal Research Design to capture data from ICT surveys
between years 2005-2010. These data include income, ICT trends and use in
Tanzania and poverty trends. The study will compare ICT use levels in both
regional and district levels (inter and intra regional differences). The study area
will include Tanga City and Korogwe District of Tanga region and Songea
Municipal and and Tunduru District of Ruvuma region. The selection of Tanga
region is based on the fact that Mbeya is one of urbanized regions in Tanzania
that’s will represents urbanized regions while Ruvuma region represents rural
based regions of Tanzania. Under inter-sectoral analysis, the study will
compare agriculture and Business sectors as lower and higher user of ICT
respectively.
The study will use both primary and secondary data so as to achieve
objectives of this study were. Incase of primary data interviews checklist and
questionnaires will be designed to supplement and confirm the desk research
in obtaining data related to the extent of ICT use by spatial and sectors criteria.
The multistage sampling technique will be applied at different stages while
region, districts, streets/villages and household will be unit of analysis. The first
stage will involve stratified sampling to select two regions (i) Tanga and (ii)
Ruvuma to represent urbanized and rural regions respectively. The second
stage will use stratified sampling to select four districts (Tanga City, Korogwe
District from Tanga region and Songea Municipal and Tunduru from Ruvuma
region). The third stage will involve purposive sampling to selection of eight
streets/villages which varies in income levels hence their inequality trends and
regional integration measures will be observed. The forth stage will involve
random selection of 40 households from each street/villages hence to make a
total of 320 respondents from entire study.
Data collected will be verified, coded and analyzed using Statistical Software to
explain relationships between study variables. Under descriptive statistics the
study will use percentages, means and frequency distribution will be calculated
so as to analyze respondent’s socio-economic characteristics. Relationships
between variables will be analyzed with correlation. A chi-square will be used
to compare means of various unit s of analysis in the study area for objective
one. The inferential analysis will employ various models to analyze data. As
Kolm (1977) suggested that greater the number of attributes considered, the
better is the assumption of 'anonymity' and 'impartiality' in welfare analysis. In
general, the Compiled/Group household income (average income) will be used
to compute Group Gini Coefficient as measure of income diversity for areas
and sectors differences in relation to use of ICT, HFIAS as measure of food
security and wealth index for wealth inequalities in both poor and urbanized
regions and rural based. Probit regression model will be used to determine
relationship between causes of districts and regional group ICT use and their
income diversity. Lastly, gravity analysis will measure of spatial concentration
of ICT facilities as indicator of levels of region integration by measuring
economic and geographic weight of a region (regions or sub-region/district).
10. Results The Project will be able to deliver the following outputs (i) Publications, (ii) a

research report and (iii) 2- Stakeholders seminars and final report.
Basing from above outputs it is expected that the project will achieve number
of outcomes such as
 Policy Makers: ICT related policies will be assessed to identify their
deficiencies on poverty reduction initiatives and to try the best ways that
will ensure that ICT policies reduce spatial and sectoral gaps in use of ICT.
Change in attitudes and working culture to include a spatial and sectoral
integration in poverty reduction initiatives by the policy makers.
 Implementers: Better data and information around spatial and sectoral
poverty, poverty and improved systems for spreading innovation and
learning about poverty and the link between ICT and poverty reduction.
Greater spatial and sectoral integration and coherence in ICT policy
implementation.
 Beneficiaries/Stakeholders: The study anticipates to realizes more
efforts towards use of ICT for people/stakeholders in the marginalized
areas and sectors. In addition there will be greater participation and
dialogue for social partners and people experiencing poverty. More
resources within existing policies/ programmes directed towards
marginalized sectors, regions and districts so as to achieve a balanced
use of ICT.
11. Research Team
organisation
1. Dr Omari B. Mzirai (PhD, Dept of Environmental Planning, Senior
lecturer – Team Leader)
2. Mr. Andrew Komba (MSc, Dept of Development Finance and
Management Studies, Assistant Lecturer, Researcher)
3. Baltazar M.L. Namwata (MSc. Agric. Education and Extension,
Researcher)
12. Schedule
13. Budget Summary of the Study Budget
Particulars Units x Days Price Amount
(Tshs)
Per diems for Data Collection for
researchers
3 X 60 80,000 14,400,000
Activities Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
15 16 17 18
Proposal
Development
Development
of data
collection
tools
Pre testing of
tools
Data
collection
Data
Analysis and
report writing
Stakeholder
workshop
Final Report

Per diems for Data Collection for
District Staff and Local Animators
12 X 10 80,000 9,600,000
Stakeholders Forum during report
presentation
100 x 2 days 65,000 13,000,000
Stakeholders Forum during
papers presentation
100 x 2 days 65,000 13,000,000
Report Production Lump sum 8,000.000 8,000,000
Transport Cost Lump sum 7,000,000 7,000,000
Stakeholders workshop Lump sum 10,000,000 10,000,000
Total 75,000,000
Annexes: A) Research Team - List of all Research Team members,
including contact information and organizational/Departmental
affiliation.
B) Team Profiles - CVs of each team member (maximum of 2
pages each).
C) Additional Info - Any other relevant information the Research
Team wishes to include. Please identify these documents in the
cover letter.
Annexes
Annex A: Research Team
Name Institution Department Contact Address
Mr. Andrew M. Komba Institute of Rural
Development Planning
Development Finance &
Management Studies
P.O.Box 138, Dodoma,
Dr.Omari Mzirai Institute of Rural
Environmental Planning
Planning & Management
P.O.Box 138, Dodoma,
Mr.Baltazar Namwata Institute of Rural
Development Finance &
Management Studies
P.O.Box 138, Dodoma
Annex B: References
Mansell, R. and R. Silverstone (1996) Communication by Design: The Politics of Information and
Communication Technologies. Oxford: OUP
Drew, E., and F. G. Foster (eds.) (1994) Information Technology in Selected Countries. Tokyo: United Nations
University Press. http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu19ie/uu19ie00.htm
Dymond, A. & S. Oestmann (2002) ‘Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): Poverty Alleviation and
Universal Access Policies’. ATPS Special Paper No. 9, Nairobi, March 2002
Kayani, R. and A. Dymond (1997) ‘Options for Rural Telecommunications Development.’ World Bank Technical
Paper No. 359. http://www.inteleconresearch.com/pages/wbank.html
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) (1999) 'An Overview of ICT Trends and Policy in Africa.' May 1999, UNECA,
Addis Ababa http://www.un.org/Depts/eca/adf/

Annex C: Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers
Name of Staff : Mr. Andrew M. Komba
Name of Firm : IRDP
Profession : Policy Development Specialist
Date of Birth : 24 September 1975
Nationality : Tanzanian
Membership in Professional Societies:
 Member of International Planners Association,
 Member of NUFFIC Alumni Association
 Member of MIPANGO Academician Staff Association
Contacts:
Email: andrewkomba@yahoo.co.uk
andrew.komba75@gmail.com
info@wemaconsult.com
Tel: +255 22 2630539
Mob: +255 784 656804
Key Qualifications
Mr Andrew Komba is a Lecturer at IRDP under Department of Development Finance and Management. As
a Lecturer he teaches number of subjects including; Policy Analysis, Poverty Analysis, Disaster
Management and Prevention, Population Dynamics, Natural Resource Management, Planning &
Budgeting, Budget Analysis, Governance, Physical Planning, Policy Analysis, Poverty Analysis Project
Planning and Management, Investment Appraisal, Regional Analysis, Development Economics, Strategic
Management, General Management and Development Studies .As an academician, he has undertaken a
number of roles as a researcher, consultant and facilitator for various clients and organizations including
the Central Government and Local Government Authorities, Non Governmental Organizations and the
Private Sector in Tanzania. As an expert in policy formulation and analysis, project write-up skills, baseline
survey, research, need assessment, employment issues, strategic planning, project planning, regional
planning policy and poverty analysis community/development needs assessment and health surveys. Mr
Komba has extensive experience in participatory researches and it’s application as well as experience in
training both government and non-government staff at various levels. He has participated in various
missions concerned with policy review and formulation, evaluation, need and impact assessment, planning,
and lobbying and advocacy. Recently Mr. Komba is pursuing a PhD (Forth Year) in Poverty Analysis at
Development Studies Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture.
Education:
 MSc in Development Policy with emphasis in (Policy Analysis, Programme Evaluation, Public Sector
Budgeting, Budget Analysis Strategic Planning and Management, Poverty Analysis, Natural Resource
Management and Gender Analysis),2006
 Post Graduate in Project Appraisal and Management, Maastricht School of Management, The
Netherlands 2005-2006
 Post Graduate Diploma in Regional Planning: (Institute of Rural Development Planning) 2000- 2001
 Advanced Diploma in Regional Planning: (Institute of Rural Development Planning) 1997- 2000.

Other Training:
 Participatory Research Methods and Data Analysis Techniques, REPOA, 2009
 Certificate in Project Management and Evaluation, MDF ESA, Arusha 2006
 Certificate in Participatory Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment , IRDP , Dodoma,
2004
 Training in Development Policy Analysis, MU,2005
 Certificate in Design of Terms of Reference, MDF, Dodoma, Tanzania, 2005
 Certificate in Marketing, University of Dar es salaam, 2003
Country of work Experience:
Netherlands and Germany
Work Experience:
(a) Regional and Development Planning, Development Policy
Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Team Leader: Household Economic Survey
Responsible for:
• Design of Household Economic Survey
• Supervise Data Collection Process
• Data Analysis
• Reporting
Client: USAID, DAI, IMARISHA PROGRAMME
Year: 2011
Countries: Tanzania
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Team Leader: Training on good governance and democracy; Poverty Analysis; The
Councilors responsibility
Responsible for:
• Preparation of Training Manual for Governance
• Provide Training of Governance and Poverty Analysis to LGAs staff and
Leaders
• Produce Training Report,
Client: Iringa District Councils
Year: 2011

Countries: Tanzania
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Preparation of Disaster Management Policy , 2011.
Responsibilities:
• Review of Disaster Management Policy of 2003
• Review of National Operational Guideline for Implementation of Disaster
Management Policy of 2003
• Develop the Management Policy of 2011
• Develop Disaster Implementation Strategy of 2011
Client: PMO
Year: 2011
Countries: Tanzania
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Public Expenditure Tracking System (PETs) in Bahi District.
Responsibilities:
• Design PETs system for Bahi District Council
• Design PETs Training for Bahi District Council
• Conduct PETs training to communities of Bahi District Council
• Set-up PETs committee for Bahi District Council
Client: SARHINGON
Year: 2010
Countries: (Tanzania)
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Formulation of District Strategic Plan 2010/11-2012/13
Responsibilities:
• Review the Strategic Plan of Kilombero District Council of 2007/08
• Develop the Strategic Plan of Kilombero District Council for years 2010/11-
2012/13
• Set-p Monitoring and Evaluation System for Kilombero District Council
Client: Kilombero DC
Year: 2010
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Study on Integration of Employment Issues in Development
Frameworks
Responsibilities:
• Develop the Inception Report for the Study
• Conduct research and analysis of the study findings
• Present the Research Report to the Stakeholders
• Incorporatecomments and produce the Interim Report

• Present the findingsto the MKUKUTA steering committee
• Produce the final report
Client: MoFEA
Year: 2010
Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK (DESUNE)
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Team Leader/Project Evaluator: Conducting Baseline Survey and Report Writing
Responsibilities:
• Design the Baseline Survey
• Conduct the Survey
• Produce the Baseline Report
• Set-up M&E framework for SMECAO
Client: SMECAO
Year: 2009
Employer: DESUNE
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Conducting Baseline Survey and Report Writing & Lobbying and
Advocacy Training.
Responsibilities:
• Design the Baseline Survey
• Conduct the Survey
• Produce the Baseline Report
• Set-up M&E framework for BIDII-Project
Client: BIDII-Project
Year: 2008
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Formulation on Five Year Project on Water Resources Management
Responsibilities:
• Design the five years plan for the TAWASANET
• Conduct stakeholders forum to discuss and approve the Plan
• Produce the final report Prepare reports
Client: TAWASNET
Year: 2008
Employer: DESUNE
Position Held and Consultant: Formulation of PELUM-Tz Strategic and Operational Plan

Description of
Duties:
Responsibilities:
• Review the Strategic Plan of PELUM-Tz
• Develop the Strategic Plan of PELUM-Tz
• Set-p Monitoring and Evaluation System for PELUM-Tz
Client: PELUM-Tz
Year: 2008
Employer: Institute of Rural development Planning (IRDP)
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Paper on Governance, Policy Processes and Poverty Reduction in
Tanzania, 2008.
Key responsibility included:
• Prepare a paper
• Present a paper on Policy Dialogue Symposium
• Finalize the Paper and submitt to the
Client: Foundation for Civil Society
Year: 2008
Employer: Institute of Rural development Planning (IRDP)
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Trainer: Project Management and Strategic Management Techniques
Responsibilities:
• Prepare Training Manual of Project Management and Strategic Management
Techniques
• Conduct training on Project Management and Strategic Management
Techniques
• Preparation of Technical Report,
Client: Iringa Municipality
Date: 2008
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Formulation of Regional Integrated Strategic Plan, Sustainable
Capacity.
Responsible for:
• Capacity Building Plan for Kigoma Region and District Staff,
• Public-Private Partnership Development Plan,
• Consolidation Plan for Human Security for Refugees Repatriate Areas
Client: UNDP
Year: 2008
Country: (Tanzania)

Position Held and
Description Of
Duties
Consultant: Training of Lobbying and Advocacy Skills and Community
Empowerment Programme
• Setting a Action Plan for Lobbying and advocacy projects Arusha Municipal
• Conducting End Evaluation for Lobbying and advocacy projects in Arusha
Municipal
Client: Action for Children in Conflict
Date: 2007
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant, Public Expenditure Tracking for Bunda and Bukoba Councils
Education Budgets & Lobbying and Advocacy Training
• Responsibilities:
• Setting up M&E framework for Lobbying and advocacy projects in Bunda and
Bukoba Councils
• Conducting End Evaluation for Lobbying and advocacy projects in Bunda and
Bukoba Councils
Client: Tanzania Coalition for Debt and Development
Date: 2007
Employer DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK
Position Held and
Description Of
Duties:
Consultant: Program Evaluation
Responsibilities:
• Evaluation of Programme Products
• Produce the Evaluation Report
• Produce list of recommendation for next programme interventions
Client: Tanzania Coalition for Debt and Development
Date: 2007
Countries: ( TANZANIA)
Employer: Institute of Rural development Plannng
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant; Programme Evaluation; LUMP and Indigenous Knowledge Projects.
Responsibilities:
• Design a research plan
• Conduct a research
• Provide a research report includes:
Client: INADES FORMATION
Date: 2006

Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Review of Agriculture Policies in Tanzania
Responsibilities:
• Prepare a paper on the review of Agriculture policies in Tanzania
• Present a paper on the review of Agriculture policies in Tanzania
• Submit final paper of the review of Agriculture policies in Tanzania
Client: UNCDD
Date: 2006
Countries: (Tanzania,)
Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture Policies
Major responsibility includes:
• Prepare a paper on Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture policies in Tanzania
• Present a paper on Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture policies in Tanzania
• Submit final paper on Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture policies in
Tanzania
Client: UNCDD
Date: 2006
Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Un employment , Disaster and Vulnerability Assessment Research
project –
Conduct Vulnerability Assessment in Kibondo and Kasulu Districts
Client: UNICEF
Date: 2006
Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planiing
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Researcher: An Assessment of the determinants of Corporate Socio Responsibility
Adoption in poverty reduction process, A case study of Dodoma Municipal
• Conduct research
• Produce research report
Client:IRDP,
Year: 2006
Employer: Institute of Rural development Planning
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Senior Consultant: Training: Project Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation
Responsibilities:

• Preparation of training Manual
• Conducting Training
• Develop a training report
Client: Dodoma Municipality
Year: July 2006
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Senior Consultant: Training on Management and Leadership Skills, Strategic
Management and Project Formulation and Appraisal
Responsibilities:
Client: Maswa DC,
Year: 2006
Employer: CAN Associates
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Developing Strategic Plans of 24 Non Governmental Organizations.
Responsibilities:
• Review the Strategic Plan of KINGONET & KIKANGONET
• Develop the Strategic Plan of KINGONET & KIKANGONET
• Set-up Monitoring and Evaluation System for KINGONET & KIKANGONET
Client: CONCERN
Year: 2005
Country: (Tanzania)
Employer: Institute of Rural development Planinning
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Consultant: Evaluation of MVUMI Project
Responsible for:
• Setting up Evaluation Plan
• Conducting Evaluation
• Produce Evaluation Report
Client: DCT
Year: July 2005
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Hydrologist: Combination of O&OD and LFA Approaches in Poverty Reduction.
Responsibilities:
• Preparation of Training Manual of O&OD and LFA Approaches
• Conducting ToT on the combined Approaches

• Produce Report of ToT training
Client:PMO/RFSP/IFAD
Year: June 2008 – Sept 2008
Position Held and
Description of
Duties:
Team Leader: Training of Development Planners on Participatory Monitoring and
Impact Assessment
Responsibilities:
Client: Dodoma District Planners
Year: 2003
Languages:
Speaking Reading Writing
English excellent excellent excellent
Swahili excellent excellent excellent
I, the undersigned, certify that to the best knowledge and belief, these data correctly describe my
qualifications, and experience.
Andrew Marcelin Komba Date: 13
January 2012
Signature of Staff member and authorized representative of the firm
Day/Month/Year
Selected Publications
1. Komba, AM and Mzirai, O.B (2010), Economic Analysis of Employment Sector in Tanzania, RPJ,

Special Issues, 2011
2. Komba, AM, Dimoso, P.D, Mdendemi, TRK, and Masanyiwa, Z.S (2010) Kigoma Regional
Strategic and Socio-economic Profile, RPJ
3. Promotion of Employment in Tanzania: Achievements and Challlenges, RPJ Special VolumeI
4. Komba, AM and Namwata, B.L, (2008), Project Planning and Management Manual for Graduate
Students, IRDP, Dodoma
5. Komba A.M and Lifuliro C.S (2006), Aids Knowledge and Sexual Behaviour in Tanzania, Research
Report, IRPJ vol1267
6. Komba A, M (2003), Effects of Agriculture Training on Local Farmer’s Productivity, 2003,Research
Reoprt submitted to IRDP(Unpublished)
Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Omari Mzirai
CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)
Name of Staff : Dr. Omari B. Mzirai
Name of Firm : Institute of Rural Development Planning - Dodoma
Profession : Soil and Water Resources Eng/Agro-Hydrology and Water Resource Modelling
Specialist
Date of Birth : 26 June 1966
Nationality : Tanzanian
Telephone: 2557544885550/255087166515
Email: imzirai@yahoo.com, imzirai@gmail.com
Membership in Professional Societies:
 Professional Agricultural Engineer – Tanzania
 Member of Society of Southern and Eastern Africa Society of Agricultural Engineer (SEASAE)
 Member of Mipango Academic Staff Association
 Member of International Rainwater Harvesting Association
 Member of Tanzania Rainwater Harvesting Association
 Member of Dodoma One Association
 Member of Tanzania Natural Resources Forum

Contacts:
Email: imzirai@yahoo.com
mziray@irdp.ac.tz
Tel: +255 26 2303190
Fax: +255 26 2301341
Mob: +255 754 485 550; +255 655 685550 or +255 787 166 515
Education:
 PhD in Soil and Water Management with emphasis in modelling agro-hydrological systems in semi arid areas
(Development of PT model for macro catchment RWH systems), Centre for land Use and Water
Resources Management (University of Newcastle Upon Tyne) and Soil Water Management Research
Programme (Sokoine University of Agriculture) 2007.
 M.Sc Agric. Eng. (Land Use Planning) – Development of pedotrasfer function for Itogolo soils in
Sukuma land catena, Sokoine University of Agriculture (1997).
 B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)- Tanzania (TZ), 1993. (Horns).
Other Training:
 Three days training on Effective facilitation of Competence Based Learning (CBET), Provided by the National
Council for Technical Education (NACTE) and Institute of Rural Development Planning, March 2010.
 Three days training on Research Methods, provided by The Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma,
March, 2010.
 One week training on electronic resources awareness. Provided by INASP and Institute of Rural Development
Planning, February, 2010.
 One month training course on management of change, Organised by PMORALG,, Morogoro, Tanzania (2006)
 Three months training on PC Arc info and Arc view GIS (Under Unix operating system) – Centre for Land Use
and Water Resources (CLUWR), UK 2003.
 Building highly effective teams, Organized by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the
United Kingdom, London (2003).
 Obtaining and Managing External Research Funding, Organized by the Commonwealth Scholarship
Commission in the United Kingdom, London.(2003)
 Three month training course in Statistics in Agricultural Climatology (SIAC-2001) at Institute for
Meteorological Training and Research (IMTR) , Nairobi Kenya ( 2001).
 One Month training on advanced technology course on developing application with office and VBA:
Hands –on, Tree Learning Institute, London, UK, 2001.
Country of work Experience:
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Swaziland and South Africa, Thailand, England,
Germany, Netherlands
COMPUTER LITERACY: Good. I have command of the following programs:

• Word Processing e.g. (Word 97, WP) ( for Dos & Windows)
• Electronic Spreadsheet (Excel, lotus, Quattro Pro)
• Programming (Turbo Pascal, Fortran, Visual basic)
• Statistical analysis by MSTATC, SPSS and C+
• Graphics (Draw perfect, Corel Draw etc)
• Publication (Ventura, Publisher etc)
• Remote Sensing (Erdas etc)
• GIS (arc view)
• Operating systems (DOS, Windows, Unix)
Languages:
Speaking Reading Writing
English excellent excellent excellent
Swahili excellent excellent excellent
I, the undersigned, certify that to the best knowledge and belief, these data correctly describe my
qualifications, and experience.
Mzirai Omari Date: Jan 2012
Curriculum Vitae of Baltazar Namwata
1. PERSONAL DETAILS
Name of the firm: The Institute of Rural Development Planning
Name of staff: Baltazar Mlagara Lyamongo Namwata
Date of Birth: 23 June 1975
Year with the firm Since February 2006
Membership of
Professional Society Mipango Academic Staff Association (MIASA)
Mailing Address: Institute of Rural Development Planning,
P.O. Box 138, Dodoma
Fax: +255-26-230 1341/+255-26-230 134
Tel: +255-26-230-2147/+255-26-230 3190
Cell: 0784 588 258, 0715 588 258 and 0767 588 258
E-mail: bnamwata@gmail.com and baltazarnamwata@yahoo.com
Nationality: Tanzanian
2. EDUCATION BACKGROUND
• 2008/09-2011/12: PhD Candidate, The University of Dodoma
• 2002/03 –2003/04: MSc. in Agricultural Education and Extension, SUA, Morogoro
• 1997/98 – 2000/01: BSc. in Agriculture General, SUA, Morogoro
• 1994/95 – 1995/96: A-level Certificate of Secondary Education, Tosamaganga High School
• 1990 - 1993: O-level Certificate of Secondary Education, Bunda Secondary School

• 1983 - 1989: Primary Education Certificate, Nansimo Primary School, Bunda District
3. RESEARCH AND FIELD EXPERIENCES
• Demographic Dimensions and their Implications on the Incidence of Street Begging in Urban Areas of
Central Tanzania: the Case of Dodoma and Singida Municipalities.
• Determinants of Beekeeping in Potential Forest Areas of Balang’dalalu Ward in Hanang’ District,
Tanzania.
• Urban Agricultural Practice as a Challenge to Urban Authorities in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania
• Dynamics of Street Beggars and Begging Life in Urban Areas of Central Zone Tanzania financed by
REPOA;
• Impacts of expansion of Ruaha National Park and changing livelihoods of displaced communities in
Usangu wetland in Mbarali district;
• Adoption of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among farmers in
Mbeya Rural district, Tanzania: A case of Ilungu ward;
• Negative Economic Importance of Malaria on Households in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Rural and Peri-
urban Areas in Morogoro;
• Integrating agriculture in urban planning for poverty eradication in semi-arid Tanzania;
• Promoting sunflower production in central zone of Tanzania through commodity value chain;
• Rural Household Characteristics and Incidence of Poverty in Bukombe District in Shinyanga Region,
Tanzania
• Analysis of the contributions of “bicycle taxis” to poverty reduction in Nyalikungu Ward in Maswa district
• Demographic Context of Rural Household and Its Implications for Poverty in Bukombe District in
Shinyanga Region, Tanzania
• Household livelihood strategies for coping with urban poverty in Tanzania: The case of Isamilo ward in
Mwanza city
• Child labour in tobacco and tea sub-sectors in Tanzania.
• Business Development Services (BDS) and the performance of micro-enterprises in Dodoma Municipality
(2007).
• Knowledge and Attitudes of Community Members and Health Officers on the Use of Mosquito Treated
Nets in Controlling Malaria for Under five Children in Kinondoni Municipality (2006).
• Assessment of the Farmer-to-Farmer Extension Approach: The Case of Njombe District, Iringa Region,
Tanzania (MSc. Dissertation Submitted to SUA in November 2004).
• Assessment of Farmers’ Adoption of SUA-Bean varieties in the districts of Lushoto, Hai and Magu
(September 2004).
• Gender Focus in Community Development Initiatives in a grassroots umbrella CBO in Njombe District
(Umoja wa Vikundi vya Maendeleo Tarafa ya Mdandu abbreviated as UVIMTA – Mdandu) (A Special
Project Report Submitted to World Vision Tanzania and MS Tanzania in July 2002).
• Formulation of the Gender Guideline and Constitution for UVIMTA-Mdandu.
• Dissemination and Adoption of Agricultural Innovations among Maize and Rice Farmers in Mvomero
Division, Morogoro Rural District (A BSc. Project Paper submitted to SUA in July 2001).
• Field Practical Training at Peramiho-Mruma Centre in 2002 (Organic Farming and Agroforestry
Innovations), horticultural unit of SUA in 2001 (Horticultural Practices), UMADEP Programmes in
Mvomero Division in 2000 (Planning and Management of Development Interventions) and ARI-Uyole
(Various Farming Practices) in 1998.
4. JOURNAL PAPERS
• Namwata, B.M.L and Masanyiwa, Z.S. (2008). Prospects and Challenges of Farmer-to- Farmer Extension
Approach in Adoption of Agricultural Innovations amongst farmers in Njombe District, Tanzania. Rural
Planning Journal. Vol. 10 (2): 72-85
• Maselle, A.E., Masanyiwa, Z.S. and Namwata, B.M.L (2008). Demographic Context and Its
Implications for Rural Household Poverty in Bukombe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal. Vol. 10

• Namwata, B.M.L; Masanyiwa, Z.S. and Mwageni, T.O. (2010). Farmers’ Opinions on the Effectiveness of
Extension Agents in Influencing Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: A case of selected villages in
Njombe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal 12(2): 120-147
• Mujwahuzi, L.S; Namwata, B.M.L. and Masanyiwa, Z.S. (2010). Negative Economic Importance
of Malaria on Households in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Rural and Peri-urban Areas in Morogoro,
Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal 12(2):200-215
• Maselle, A.E., Masanyiwa, Z.S. and Namwata, B.M.L (2010). Household Socio-economic Characteristics
and Poverty in Tanzania: A case of Selected Villages in Bukombe District. Institute of Social Work
Journal. Vol. 1 (1): 59-76
• Namwata B.M.L, Lwelamira, J and Mzirai, O.B (2010). Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies
for Irish Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among Farmers in Mbeya Rural District, Tanzania: A case of
Ilungu ward. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2010. Vol. 8, Issue 1: 927-935.
http://www.biosciences.elewa.org/JAPS; ISSN 2071 – 7024
• Namwata, B.M.L., Mgabo, M.R. and Dimoso, P. (2011). Demographic Dimensions and their Implications
on the Incidence of Street Begging in Urban Areas of Central Tanzania: the Case of Dodoma and Singida
Municipalities. Global Journal of Human Social Science Volume 11 Issue 4 Version 1.0 July 2011,
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA), Print ISSN: 0975-587X
• Namwata, B.M.L.; Malila, M.N. and Mnguu, Y.O. (2011). Determinants of Beekeeping in Potential Forest
Areas of Balang’dalalu Ward in Hanang’ District, Tanzania. Journal of Social Sciences (JSS), University of
Dodoma. Vol. 2 (1) 2011.
• Mwageni, T.O., Namwata, B.M.L. and Hauli, E. (2011) Urban Agricultural Practices as a Challenge to
Urban Authorities in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania. Accepted paper for publication in RPJ 13 (1) June
2011
• Kuboja, N.M; Bilaro, A.L.; Namwata, B.M.L.; and Lwezaura, D. (2011) Analysis of Maize Commodity
Value Chain to Increase its Utilization and Commercialization in Kigoma Region. Accepted paper for
publication in RPJ 13 (1) June 2011
5. COMPUTER SKILLS
Very good working knowledge of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, SPSS (9.0 and 11.5) and Internet
6. LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES
Language Speaking Reading Writing
English Excellent Excellent Excellent
Swahili Excellent Excellent Excellent
7. DECLARATION
I, Baltazar Mlagara Lyamongo Namwata, certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this curriculum vitae
correctly describes my qualifications, my experience and myself. I understand that any wilful mis-statement described
herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal.
Signature Date: January 2012

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