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Kingdom Animalia
~ Characteristics ~
   Multicellular

   Eukaryotic with no cell walls

   Heterotrophs (consumers)
~ Characteristics ~
   Have a nervous system to respond to their
    environment

   Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food

   Most animals develop from a zygote
    becoming a

   A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-
    filled space forming a hollow ball of cells
    called a gastrula.
              gastrula
~ Developmental Characteristics ~
   The gastrula is made up of three parts:
    – Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface
      Ectoderm
      of the gastrula, grows and divides developing
      into skin and nervous tissue.

    – Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner
      Endoderm
      surface of the gastrula, develops into the
      lining of the animal’s digestive tract.

    – Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells
      lying between the ectoderm and endoderm,
      forms muscles, reproductive organs and
      circulatory vessels.
Animalia
~ Developmental Characteristics ~
   Animals that develop a mouth from the
    indented space in the gastrula are
    protostomes.

   Animals that develop an anus from the
    opening in the gastrula are
    deuterostomes.
Animalia
~ Body Plans ~
   Animals that are
    irregular in shape are
    asymmetrical.




   Animals that are
    regular in shape are
    symmetrical.
~ Body Plans ~

    An animal has radial symmetry if it
     can be divided along any plane,
     through a central axis, into equal
     halves.

    An animal has bilateral symmetry if
     it can be divided down its length
     into similar right and left halves
     forming mirror images of each other.
Which figure has bilateral symmetry?
Which has radial symmetry?
~ Body Plans ~
   Acoelomates – animals have three cell
    layers with a digestive tract but no body
    cavities.

   Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid-
    filled body cavity partly lined with
    mesoderm.

   Coelomates – animals with a body cavity
    completely surrounded by mesoderm.
Animalia
~ Protection and Support ~
   Though not all animals have a skeleton,
    those that do can be divided into two
    groups:
     – Those with an exoskeleton – a hard,
       waxy coating on the outside of the body
       that protects internal organs, provides a
       framework for support, and a place for
       muscle attachment.

    – Those with an endoskeleton – support
      framework within the body that protects
      some organs and a brace for muscles to
      pull against.
~Invertebrates~
   8 main phyla

   No backbones

   95% of all animals are in this group
~Invertebrate
           Phylum Porifera~
   Sponges

   simplest form of animal life

   live in water

   Do not move around

   no symmetry

   Pores (holes) all over body


~Invertebrate
           Phylum Porifera~
   Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of
    food from water using collar cells and then
    pumps the water out the osculum.
~Invertebrate
           Phylum Porifera~
   Examples: Tube
    Sponge, Glass
    Sponge, Sea Sponge
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Cnidaria~

   Live in water

   Most have tentacles

   catch food with stinging cells

   gut for digesting
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Cnidaria~
  2 different
   shapes

  Medusa - like a
   jellyfish

  Polyp - like a
   hydra
~Invertebrate
     Phylum Cnidaria~
   Examples -
    Jellyfish, Hydra,
    sea anemones, and
    corals
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
  Flatworms

  Flat, ribbon-like body

  Live in water or are parasites

  bilateral symmetry
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
  Examples: Planaria

  eyespots detect light


  food and waste go
  in and out the same
  opening
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
  Examples:
   Tapeworm

  Parasite that
   lives in intestines
   of host
   absorbing food
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
  Examples: Fluke
  parasite


  lives inside
   of host
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Nematoda ~
   Roundworms

    – Round, tubular body

    – small or microscopic

    – bilateral symmetry

    – have both a mouth and anus

    – Live in water or are parasites
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Nematoda ~
   Examples:
    – Hookworm



    – Trichinella
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Mollusca ~
   Soft bodies

   Hard Shells

   Live on land or in water

   have a circulatory system and a complex
    nervous system.

   Important food source for humans
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Mollusca ~
 Class Gastropoda

 – snails and slugs

 – may have 1 shell

 – stomach-footed -
   move on stomach
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Mollusca ~
 Class Bivalves

 – 2 shells hinged
   together

 – clams, oysters,

 scallops and
   mussels
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Mollusca ~

 Class Cephalopods

 – squids and octopuses

 – internal mantel
Animalia
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Annelida ~
 – Segemented worms

 – Body divided into
   segments(sections)

 – Live in water or
   underground

 – have a nervous and circulatory system
~Invertebrate
           Phylum Annelida ~
   Class Earthworms

   eat soil and
    breakdown
       organic matter,
    wastes provide
    nutrients to soil
~Invertebrate
       Phylum Annelida ~
      Class bristleworms
~Invertebrate
           Phylum Annelida ~
 Class    leeches

   parasites that feed on blood of other animals
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Echinodermata ~
   Hard, spiny skin

   Live in salt water

   Radial symmetry

   name means ‘spiney skinned’

   endoskeleton
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Echinodermata ~
   Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar
    and sea cucumber
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Arthropoda ~
   Body divided into sections/segments

   Exoskeleton

   Jointed legs

   well developed nervous system

   largest group of organisms on earth
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Arthropoda ~
   3 subphylums:

   Classified into classes according to the
    number of legs, eyes and antennae they
    have.
~Invertebrate
   Phylum Arthropoda ~
Subphylum Chilicerata
 is divided into 3 classes

     Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

     Merostomata – horseshoe crabs

     Pycnogonida – sea spiders
~Invertebrate Phylum
       Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
   Class   – Arachnida

     no antennae

     4 pairs of legs

     2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen

     spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks
Animalia
~Invertebrate Phylum
       Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
   Class   Merostomata

     Horseshoe crabs
      – Ancient group of species

      – Changed little over 350 million years

      – Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf
        coasts of United States.
Animalia
~Invertebrate Phylum
       Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
  Class   Pycnogonida
   – Sea spider
~Invertebrate Phylum
   Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
 5 Classes
  Aquatic ones have gills


    2 antennae

    2 body regions or segmented

    Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods

    Many species taste delicious in butter
Animalia
 Subphylum     Uniramia: 3 classes

   Class Insecta (insects)

   Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)

   Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
~Invertebrate Phylum
        Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
   Class   Insecta

     no antennae

     3 pairs of legs

     2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen

     grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees
Animalia
~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
   Class Diplopoda


    Millipedes

    segmented animals

    Have 2 pairs of legs per segment

    Primarily herbivores & decomposers
Animalia
~Invertebrate Phylum
        Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia

   Class   Chiopoda

     Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores

     Have 1 pair of antennae

     Are often poisonous, using modified front
      claws to immobilize prey
Animalia
~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
    5 classes
       Fish

       Mammals

       Reptiles

       Amphibians

       Birds

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Animalia

  • 2. ~ Characteristics ~  Multicellular  Eukaryotic with no cell walls  Heterotrophs (consumers)
  • 3. ~ Characteristics ~  Have a nervous system to respond to their environment  Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food  Most animals develop from a zygote becoming a  A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid- filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula. gastrula
  • 4. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~  The gastrula is made up of three parts: – Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface Ectoderm of the gastrula, grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue. – Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner Endoderm surface of the gastrula, develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. – Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.
  • 6. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~  Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes.  Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.
  • 8. ~ Body Plans ~  Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.  Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.
  • 9. ~ Body Plans ~  An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.  An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.
  • 10. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?
  • 11. ~ Body Plans ~  Acoelomates – animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities.  Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid- filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm.  Coelomates – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.
  • 13. ~ Protection and Support ~  Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups: – Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment. – Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.
  • 14. ~Invertebrates~  8 main phyla  No backbones  95% of all animals are in this group
  • 15. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~  Sponges  simplest form of animal life  live in water  Do not move around  no symmetry  Pores (holes) all over body 
  • 16. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~  Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.
  • 17. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~  Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge
  • 18. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~  Live in water  Most have tentacles  catch food with stinging cells  gut for digesting
  • 19. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~  2 different shapes  Medusa - like a jellyfish  Polyp - like a hydra
  • 20. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~  Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals
  • 21. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~  Flatworms  Flat, ribbon-like body  Live in water or are parasites  bilateral symmetry
  • 22. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~  Examples: Planaria  eyespots detect light  food and waste go in and out the same opening
  • 23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~  Examples: Tapeworm  Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food
  • 24. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~  Examples: Fluke  parasite  lives inside of host
  • 25. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~  Roundworms – Round, tubular body – small or microscopic – bilateral symmetry – have both a mouth and anus – Live in water or are parasites
  • 26. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~  Examples: – Hookworm – Trichinella
  • 27. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~  Soft bodies  Hard Shells  Live on land or in water  have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.  Important food source for humans
  • 28. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda – snails and slugs – may have 1 shell – stomach-footed - move on stomach
  • 29. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves – 2 shells hinged together – clams, oysters, scallops and mussels
  • 30. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Cephalopods – squids and octopuses – internal mantel
  • 32. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ – Segemented worms – Body divided into segments(sections) – Live in water or underground – have a nervous and circulatory system
  • 33. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~  Class Earthworms  eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil
  • 34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~  Class bristleworms
  • 35. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~  Class leeches  parasites that feed on blood of other animals
  • 36. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~  Hard, spiny skin  Live in salt water  Radial symmetry  name means ‘spiney skinned’  endoskeleton
  • 37. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~  Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber
  • 38. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~  Body divided into sections/segments  Exoskeleton  Jointed legs  well developed nervous system  largest group of organisms on earth
  • 39. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~  3 subphylums:  Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.
  • 40. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata is divided into 3 classes Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites Merostomata – horseshoe crabs Pycnogonida – sea spiders
  • 41. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata  Class – Arachnida  no antennae  4 pairs of legs  2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen  spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks
  • 43. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata  Class Merostomata  Horseshoe crabs – Ancient group of species – Changed little over 350 million years – Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.
  • 45. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata  Class Pycnogonida – Sea spider
  • 46. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea 5 Classes  Aquatic ones have gills  2 antennae  2 body regions or segmented  Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods  Many species taste delicious in butter
  • 48.  Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes  Class Insecta (insects)  Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)  Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)
  • 49. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia  Class Insecta  no antennae  3 pairs of legs  2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen  grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees
  • 51. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia  Class Diplopoda  Millipedes  segmented animals  Have 2 pairs of legs per segment  Primarily herbivores & decomposers
  • 53. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia  Class Chiopoda  Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores  Have 1 pair of antennae  Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey
  • 55. ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata 5 classes  Fish  Mammals  Reptiles  Amphibians  Birds