it is a file that help MBBS 1st year students for prepare 1st exam ....

1. Problem sets on Systematic Anatomy
《系统解剖学》
习题集
Dept. of Anatomy
Guilin Medical College
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 1

2. gǔ xué guān jié xué
骨 学、 关 节 学
Osteology and synosteology
1．A Joint united by dense fibrous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement is a:
A. Suture
B.Syndesmosis
C. Symphysis
D. Synchondrosis
E. Synostosis
2．The intervertebral foramen is surrounded by the:
A.Vertebral boby and vertebral arch
B.Vertebral boby and pedicle of vertebral arch
C.Vertebral boby and lamina of vertebral arch
D.Pedicle and lamina of vertebral arch
E. Superior and inferior notches of each contiguous pair of vertebrae
3． joint of the body that contains a broad，
A fIat disc of fibrocartilage would be classified
as a:
A. Ball and socket joint
B. Suture
C. Symphysis joint
D. Gliding joint
E. Hinge joint
4．The sternal angle articulates on either side with the :
A .First costal cartilage
B.Sencond costal cartilage
C.Third costal cartilage
D.Fourth costal cartilage
E.Sixth costal cartilage
5．The highest point of the crest of the ilium is on a level passing through the :
A .First lumbar spinous process
B.Sencond lumbar spinous process
C.Third lumbar spinous process
D.Fourth lumbar spinous process
E.Fifth lumbar spinous process
6．The ligaments, which connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae, are the :
A. Anterior lonlongitudinal ligament
B. Posterior lonlongitudinal ligament
C. Ligmenta flava
D. Supraspinal ligaments
E. Interspinal ligaments
7．The should joint is capable of :
A. Flexion and extension
B. Adduction and abduction
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 2

3. C. Rotation
D. Circumduction
E. All movement of the above
8．The movements of pronation and supination of forearm take place at the :
A .A elbow joint
B.Radio­carpal or wrist joint
C.Elbow and wrist joint
D.Radio­ulnar joints
E.Radio­ulnar and wrist joints
9．Which movements are possible at both the shoulder and elbow joint :
A .Abduction and flexion
B.Circumduction and flexion
C.Circumduction and extension
D.Extention and flexion
E.Rotation and flexion
10．Which types of joint provide triaxial movement ?
A. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
C. Saddle
D. Condyloid
E. None do
11. When standing in the Anatomical Position the palms of the hands face :
palms of the han<
A. Anteriorly
B. Laterally
C. Medially
D. Posteriorly
E. Superiorly
12. After ramming the point of his shoulder into apractice dummy, a football player suffered a
severe shoulder separation. Although this is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint, several
structures could be torn, including the one that gives the joint its greatest strength and stability,
namely the :
A. Acromioclavicular ligament
B. Coracoacromial ligament
C. Coracoclavicular ligament
D. Supraspinatus tendon
E. Tendon of the long head of biceps
13. While performing an arthrogram to study an apparent rotator cuff injury, it was noted that the
contrast material had spread from the shoulder joint onto the anterior lateral surface of the
scapula near the joint. When asked, the first year resident responded that this was due to an
anterior tear in the cuff. Having just studied the shoulder joint you respond that the contrast is
in is a normal extension of the joint cavity called the:
A Bicipital bursa
B. Olecranon bursa
C. Subacromial bursa
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 3

4. D. Subscapular bursa
E. Ulnar bursa
14. The axis of rotation ( pronation /supination ) at the distal radioulnar joint is through the:
A Capitate bone
B. Head of tha radius
C. Head of the ulna
D. Styloid process of the radius
E. Styloid process of the ulna
15. A two­year­old child will not go to take her nap. Her mother tightly holds her left hand as
sheleads her to the bedroom. Refusing to go further, the child suddenly attempts to jerk awayand
then sits down screaming and holding her left elbow. In a attempt to calm her down hermother
offers her a cookie, but she cannot supinate her left hand to receive it. Which joint
wasdislocated?
A The glenohumeral joint
B. The humero­ulnar joint
C. The humero­radial joint
D. The proximal radio­ulnar joint
E. The distal radio­ulnar joint
16. You are in the emergency room when a student is brought in with a shoulder injury
sustainedwhile playing touch football. In comparing the symmetry of his two shoulders, you
notice amarked elevation of the distal end of his clavicle with respect to the acromion on the
injured side.X­ray exam reveals a grade HI shoulder separation. In order for this to have
occurred, whichligament must be torn?
A. Coracoacromial
B. Coracoclavicular
C. Costoclavicular
D. Superior glenohumeral
E. Transverse humeral
17. A 3­year­old child walking hand­in­hand with her father screams in pain as he jerks her
quickly up onto the curb to dodge a speeding car. The examining physician calls it a case of
"pulled elbow",a dislocation sometimes seen in young children and caused by:;
A. The head of the radius slipping part way out of the annular ligament
B. Tear of the common extensor tendon
C.. Stretching of the radioulnar interosseous membrane
D. Tear of the ulnar collateral ligament
E. radial collateral ligament
18. It was determined that a football player tore his coracoclavicular ligament. This is an,
example of a:
A. Pulled elbow
B. Rotator cuff tear
C. Separated shoulder
D. Dislocated shoulder
E. Colles fracture
19. While walking to class on an icy winter morning, a student slips and falls on her
outstretchedhand. The intense pain forces her to go td the emergency room. After X­rays of her
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 4

5. wrist aretaken, the attending says, " You were lucky, there is no Colles'nor scaphoid fractures, but
you have dislocated the middle carpal bone of the proximal row. " Which bone was dislocated?
A. Capitate
B. Lunate
C.Scaphoid
D.Trapezoid
E. Triquetrum
20. The fibrocartilagious structure which deepens the shoulder socket is the:
A.Articular capsule
B. Articular cartiIage
C. Glenoid labrum
D. Lateral meniscus
E. Superior glenohumeral ligament
21. The synovial cavity of the glenohumeral joint communicates with the subdeltoid
(subacromial )Bursa after the rupture of the:
A. Infraspinatus tendon
B. Middle glenohumeral ligament
C. SubScapularis tendon
D. Supraspinatus tendon
E. Long head of the biceps brachii tendon
22. The interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna is the uniting structure in a type of
fibrous joint classified as a :
A. Suture
B. Synphysis
C. Synchondrosis
D. Syndesmosis
E. Synostosis
23. An example of a temporary cartilaginous joint is a/an:
A. Articular disk
B. Epiphyseal plate or growth plate
C. Intervertebral disk
D. Meniscus
E. Primary ossification center
24.Which jointwouldbe subject to synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane) ?
A. Epiphyseal plate
B. Metacarpophalangeal
C. Pubic symphysis
D. Radioulnar
E. Suture
25.Which of the following structures is unique to a synovial joint?
A.Accessory ligaments
B.Bursae
C.Collateral lIgamnents
D.Fibrocartilage
E.Joint cavity
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 5

6. 26.In an autoaccident, thepatient′s knee strikes the dashboard which in turn pushes
the head of thefemurposteriorly out of its socket. Which ligament is most likely ruptured by
this posterior dislocation?
A. I1iofermoal
B. Ischiofermoal
C. P ubofermoal
D. Transverse acetabular
E. All of above
27. To test the integrity of the knee joint, a physician pulls anteriorly on the flexed leg of his
patient. This “drawer” test is positive if the leg moves excessively anteriorward. This would
indicate a weakness in or rupture of the :
A. Medial meniscus
B∙ Posterior cruciate ligament
C∙ Fibular collateral ligament
D∙ Medial collateraI ligament
E. Anterior cruciate ligament
28. One of the menisci of the knee is often injured in a sprain of the knee because the :
A.Anterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus
B.Anterior cruciate ligament is attached to the medial meniscus
C.Lateral collateral ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus
D.Medial collateral ligament is attached to the mediall meniscus
E.Posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral meniscus
29.A soldier developed”fallen arches” from marching with a heavy pack in boots that lacked
arch support . The ligament that normally supports the head of the talus and is primarily
responsible for holding up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is the :
A.Calcaneometatarsal
B.Deltoid
C.Long plantar,
D.Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring)
E.Short plantar
30. A player is blocked from behind, during a kick­off return, injuring his medial collateral
liga­ment. The team doctor tests his knee by pulling anteriorly on the leg with the knee flexed. If
theleg translates (moves) forward significantly, this indicates damage to which structure?
A. Anterior cruciate ligament
B. Lateral collateral ligament
C. Medial meniscus
D. Medial collateral ligament
E. Posterior cruciate ligament
31. During a basketball game, the center of the team went up for a rebound and when coming
down, her foot landed da the foot of another';player, sharply everting it. She limped off the
floor,having severely sprained the medial side of her ankle. Which ligament was injured?
A. Calcaneofibular
B. Deltoid
C. Short plantar ligament
D. Plantar calcaneonavicular
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 6

7. E. Tibial collateral ligament
32. Which ligament limits extension at the hip joint?
A. Iliofermoral
B. Ligament capitis femorus
C. Pubofemoral
D. Zona orbicularis
E. All of above
33. In in]uries of the knee, :the medial meniscis is frequently torn because it is firmly attached to
which struclure?
A. Anterior cruciate Iigamlent
B. Fibular collateral ligament
C. Tibial collateral ligamlen
D. Patellar ligament
E. Patellar retinaculum
34. At the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) , hinge movements occur between the:
A. Condyle and articular eminence
B. Articular disk and articular eminence
C. Condyle and articular disk
D. Articular disk and articular cavity
E. Condyle and articular cavity
35. The emiddle nasal concha is a part of whish bone?
A. Ethmoid
B. Maxillary
C. Palatine
D. Sphenoid
E. All of the above
Answer:
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.E 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.C
13.D 14.E 15.D 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.D 23.B 24.B
25.E 26.B 27.E 28.D 29.D 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.C 34.C 35.A
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 7

8. jī xué
肌 学
Myology
1. The connective tissue component of a skeletal muscle that surrounds fasciculi is called the :
A. Perimysium
B. Epimysium
C. Endomysium
D. Tendomysium
E. Superficial fascia
2. The trapezius muscle is named on the basis of :
A. Shape
B. Size
C. Location
D. Action
E. Orientation
3. Which muscle is involved in moving the vertebral column?
A. Scalene
B. Sacrospinalis
C. Sartorius
D. Diaphragm
E. A and B
4. A muscle that originates on both the spine of the scapula and the clavicle is the:
A.Pectoralis major
B.Trapezius
C.Deltoid
D.Stemocleidomastoid
E.Erector spine
5. All of the following muscles are both the adductor and medial rotator of the arm except the:
A. Pectoralis major
B. Infraspinatus
C. Teres major
D. Subscapularis
E. latissimus dorsi
6. Which muscle contributes to the "rotator cuff"?
A. Deltoid
B. Latissimus dorsi
C. Pectoralis minor
D. Supraspinatus
E. Teres major
7. A patient presented to his physician with chronic shoulder pain. It was noted that when asked
toabduct his arm, he initially leaned laterally?and then straightened up. When iodinated
contrastwas injected into his shoulder joint it was found to be in the subdeltoid bursa as well as
in the joint
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 8

9. cavity. Which structrure was damaged to produce the shoulder pain?
A. Acromioclavicular ligament
B. Long head of the biceps braehii muscle
C. Subscapularis muscle
D. Superior glenohumeral ligament
E. Supraspinatus muscle
8. Because the biceps braehii muscle flexes the forearm when it­contracts; most of the muscle
lies.
A. Anterior to the humerus
B. Posterior to the humerus
C. Anterior to the ulna and radius
D. Posterior to the ulna and radius
E. Superior to the ulna and radius
9. One of the motor components of the cervical plexus, the ansa cervicalis, innervates all of the
following muscles except the:
A. Omohyoid
B. Sternohyoid ':
C. Stemothyroid
D. Stylohyoid
E. Thyrohyoid
10. A six­year­old child, whose medical history includes a rather difficult birth, has a
permanently tilted head posture, with the right ear near the right shoulder and the face turned
upward and tothe left. Which of the following muscles was very likely damaged during birth?
A Anterior scalene
B. Omohyoid
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Trapezius
E. Platysma
11. Which of the following hyoid muscles is an important landmark in both the anterior and
poste­rior triangles of the neck?
A. Geniohyoid
B. Mylohyoid
C. Omohyoid
D. Sternohyoid
E. Stylohyoid
12. An elderly man complained of pain in his shoulder when he brought his forearm and hand
be­ hind his back while dressing. It Was determined that stretching of the lateral rotators of his
armduring­this motion caused the pain. Which muscle was most likely involved?
A. Infraspinatus
B. Latissimus dorsi
C. Subscapularis
D. Supraspinatus
E. Teres major
13. What muscle tendon is enclosed within its own synovial sheath in the carpal canal?
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 9

10. B. Flexor digitorum profundus to 2nd digit
C. Flexor digitorum superficialis to 2nd digit
D. Flexor pollicis longus
E. Palmaris longus
14. After falling on the ice, it was determined that a patient had a Colles' fracture?Care'must
betaken to relieve tension on the broken distal end of the radius created by the pull of which
muscle?
A. Extensor carpi ulnaris
B. Brachioradialis
C. Extensor carpi radialisl longus
D. Pronator quadratus
E. Extensor carpi radialisl brevis
15. lf the musculocutaneous nerve issevered at its orgin from the brachial plexus , flexion
at the elbow is greatly weakened but not abolished. What muscle remains operative and can
contribute to flexion?
A. Brachialis
B. Brachioradialis
CCoracobrachialis
D. Long head of biceps brachii
E. Short head of biceps brachii
16. Development of “tennis elbow"(lateral epicondylitis) involves the origin of which
muscle?
A. Abductor pollicis longus
B. Anconeus
C. Brachioradialis
D. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
E. Triceps brachii
17. Several deficits in muscle functbon of the right upper limb were noted，including inabillty
to abduct the arm .This was caused by denervation of which muscle?
A. Deltoid
B. Infraspinatus
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Teres minor
E. Trapezius
18. Later, while undergoing physical therapy because of his shoulder injury, he comments that
it is very painful when his forearm is brought across his chest (medial or internal rotation ofthe
humerus) . You deduce that the pain is due to stretching of the lateral (external) rotators ofthe
shoulder. Which muscle was most likely the source of his pain?
A.Infraspinatus
B.Latissimus dorsi
C.Rhomboideus major
D.Supraspinatus
E.Teres major
19. An elderly patient complains of shoulder and has difficulty abducting his arm.Arthroscopy
is done in which a dye is injected into the shoulder joint and an X­ray taken. The radiologist
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 10

11. notes that the dye has leaked from the shoulder joint into the subacromial bursa. What tendon
would need to be ruptured for this to occer?
A. Deltoid
B. Infraspinatus
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Supraspinatus
E. Teres minor
F. Latissimus dorsi
20. Which movement would fail in case of paralysis of the quadriceps femoris muscle?
A. Adduction at the hip
B. Extension at the hip
C. Extension at the knee
D. Flexion at the knee
E. Medial rotation at the knee
21. Following a penetrating injury to the left femoral triangle, a patient related that walking was
virtually impossible because at every step the left knee collapsed into flexion. This history
suggests paralysis of which muscle?
A. Adductor magnus
B. Biceps femoris
Q Gluteus maximus
D. Quadriceps femoris
E. Sartorius
22. An obturator hernia that compresses the obturator nerve in the obturator canal may
affectfunction of all of the following muscles EXCEPT:
A. Adductor brevis
B. Adductor longus
C. Gracilis
D. Obturator'eKtemus
E. Pectineus
23. What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
A. Gluteus minimus
B. Obturator internus
C. Piriformis
D. Quadratus femoris
E. Superior gemellus
24. When, in approximately 12%, the common fibular nerve passes through the piriformis
muscle, the nerve may be compressed. This would affect part of which muscle?
A. Adductor magnus
B. Biceps femoris
C. Gluteus maximus
D. Semimembranosis
E. Semitendinosis
25. A patient with painful swelling in the distal calf cannot plantar flex at the ankle with any
power. Which tendon was likely ruptured?
A. Calcaneal
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 11

12. B. Extensor digitorum longus
C. Extensor hallucis longus
D. Plantaris
E. Tibialis
26. During a strenuous game of tennis a 55­year­old woman complained of severe shoulder pain
that forced her to quit the game. During physical examination it was found that she could not
initiate abduction of her arm, but if her arm was elevated to 45 degrees from the vertical (at her
side ) position, she had no trouble fully abducting it. Which muscle was injured responsible?
A. Deltoid
B. Infraspinatus
C. Supraspinatus
D. Teres major
E. Trapezius
27. The rotator cuff is composed of all the following muscles EXCEPT:
A. Infraspinatus
B. Subscapula
C. Supraspinatus
D. Teres major
E. Teres minor
28. Which muscle is the strongest medial rotator of the arm?
A. Coracobrachialis
B. Intraspinatus
C. Subscapularis
D. Supraspinatus
E. Teres minor
29. In the lumbar region, tuberculosis may to spread from the vertebrae into an adjacent muscle
to produce an abscess. Pus from the abscess may travel within the fascial sheath surrounding the
affected muscle. A patient presents with pus surfacing in the superomedial part of the thigh. To
which muscle did the tuberculosis most likely spread ?
A. Internal oblique
B. Obturator internus
C. Psoas major
D.Quadratus lumborus
E. Rectus abdominus
30. After being thrown from a motorcycle moving at high spread, a 16­ year­old female was
found to have a paralyzed right pectoralis major muscle. Which set of movements at the shoulder
joint would be found greatly weakened?
A. Abduction and extension
B. Abduction and lateral rotation
Q Adduction and flexion
D. Lateral rotation and extension
E. All of the above
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 12

13. Answer:
1.A 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.E 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A
16.D 17.A 18.A 19.D 20.C 21.D 22.E 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.C29.C 30.C
Define the following Terms
1) Anatomical position
2) Sternal angle
3) Costal arch
4) Pterion
5) Vertebral column
6).thoracic cage
7) Intervertebral discs
8) Pelvis
9) Scalene fissure
Essay question
1) Describe the structures of bone from superficial to deep .
2) Describe the general features of the vertebrae and the main characteristics of the vertebrae in
each region.
3) Describe the essential structures of synovial joints.
4) Describe the composition，the structures and the movements of shoulder joint.
5) Describe the composition，the structures and the movements of elbow joint.
6) Describe the composition，the structures and the movements of knee joint.
7) Please compare hip joint with shoulder joint based on the essential structures, accessory
structures and the functions..
8)Describe the composition and the movements of wrist joint and ankle joint.
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 13

14. xiao huà xì tǒng
消 化 系 统
Digestive system
1. The terminal (end) portion of the small intestine is the:
A. Ileum
B. Cecum
C. Duodenum
D. Jejunum
E. Ascending colon
2. The bulk of a tooth is composed of:
A. Dentine
B. Enamel
C. Cement
D. Dental pulp
E. Alveolar bone
3. Which of the following is not considered part of the digestive system?
A. Pancreas
B. Spleen
C. Tongue
D. Cecum
E. Vermiform appendix
4. The palatine tonsil is placed at the lateral wall of the:
A. Nasopharynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Laryngopharynx
D. Oral cavity
E. Laryngeal cavity
5. Fylonc stenosis will interfere most directly with the passage of materials from the:
A. Esophagus into the stomach
B. Pharynx into the esophagus
C. Ileum into the cecmn
D. Stomach into the duodenum
E. Duodenum into the cecum
6. Which of the following statements concerning the stomach is false.
A. It is the most dilated part of the digestive tube
B. Lies in the left hypochondriac and epigastric regions of the abdomen
C. The cardiac orifice communicates with the esophagus
D. The pyloric orifice communicates with the duodenum
E. Consists of the fundus and body of the stomach
7. Mesentery, lesser omentum, and greater ompntum are all directly associated with the :
A. Peritoneum
B. Liver
C. Esophagus
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 14

15. D. Mucosa of the alimentary cana
E. Common bile duct
8. If an incision had to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction­ which layer of
tissue would be cut first?
A. Muscularis
B. Mucosa
C. Serosa
D. Submucosa
E. None of these
9. Which of the following structures could not be seen when looking directly into the oral cavity?
A. Dorsum of the tongue
B. Uvula
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Epiglottis
E. Papilla of parotid duct
10. Which of the following is NOT found within the hepatoduodenal ligament?
A. Portal vein
B. Fibroblasts
C. Main pancreatic duct
D. Proper hepatic artery
E. Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers
11. The stomach:
A. Is the first part of the alimentary canal
B. Has a smooth interior surface lined by stratified squamous epithelium
C. Receives the esophagus at its fundus
D. Is normally covered by peritoneum on its posterior surface
E. Lies anterior to both the omental bursa and the greater omentum
12. In a surgical approach to the stomach, upon opening the abdominal cavity, what peritoneal
specialization (s) would you expect to encounter in the upper right quadrant?
A. Median umbilical ligament
B. Falciform ligament
C. Conjoint tendon
D. Greater omentum
E. Both B and D are correct
13. The liver:
A­ Usually cannot be palpated below the costal margin in a healthy person
B. Is an exocrine gland that secretes erythropoietin
C. Has a porta hepatis from which the common bile duct exits
D. Is innervated by the vagus nerve, but lacks a sympathetic nerve supply
E. Has superficial and deep lymphatics, some of which drain toward the diaphragm and thorax
14­ The gall bladder:
A. When inflamed or distended may refer pain to the right shoulder region
B. Is lodged in the porta hepatis of the liver
C. Is retroperitoneal
D. Is an exocrine gland that produces and secrets bile
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 15

16. E. Contacts the anterior abdominal wall on the left side of the falciform ligament
15. The celiac trunk:
A. Normally has four main branches
B. Usually is at the level of the esophageal hiatus
C. Is located in the splenorenal ligament
D. Has a branch, the splenic artery that supplies the body and tail of the panaceas
E. Has branches which usually supply the suprarenal glands
16. Which of the following statements about the portal system is FALSE?
A. Its tributaries lack valves
B. It begins in capillaries and ends in hepatic sinusoids ?
C. It usually drains only the alimentary canal
D. It carries deoxygenated blood
E. It has clinically important anatomoses with the systemic venous system
17. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the duodenum?
A. It is completely retroperitoneal
B. Its 2nd part isanterior to the hepatic flexure
C. Its 3rd part is anterior to the path of the superior mesenteric artery
D. Its 3rd part crosses anterior to the body of the first lumbar vertebra
E. Its junction with the jejunum is stabilized by a fibromuscular band
18. The inferior mesenteric artery:
A. Has only retroperitoneal branches
B. Carries a plexus of vagal nerve fibers along its surface
C. Branches from the aorta posterior to the neck of the pancreas
D. Has a right colic branch that courses anterior to the inferior vena cava
E. Gives rise to sigmoidal and superior rectal arteries
19. The large intestine:
A. Has a right (hepatic) flexure that is normally higher than the left (splenic) flexure
B. Has a mesentery suspending only the transverse colon
C. Can be found in all four abdominal quadrants
D. Is longer than the small intestine
E. Has numerous plicae on its inner surface
20. The appendix:
A. Lacks an outer longitudinal muscle layer
B. Lies in the retroperitoneal space at McBurneys point
C. Has lymphatic drainage into the inferior mesenteric nodes
D. Typically receives its blood supply from an intestinal branch of the superior mesenteric artery
E. Has its own mesentery and its own artery
21. One way to distinguish the jejunum from the ileum is that:
A. Its external surface is characterized by haustra
B. It contains fewer epiploic appendages than the ileum
C. It lies in the left upper quadrant
D. It lies intraperitoneal while the ileum lies retroperitoneal
E. It is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
22. The blood supply to the gastrointestinal organs:
A. Is constant in its pattern
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 16

17. B. In the adult, always courses between layers of mesentery
C. Rarely contains vasa recta
D. Commonly form anastomotic connections
E. All of the above
23. The pancreas:
A. Receives its only arterial supply from the splenic artery
B. Has an uncinate process located posterior to the course of the superior mesenteric artery
C. Becomes intraperitoneal at the hepatoduodenal ligament
D. Has its head in contact with the hilus of the right kidney
E. Is usually located at the level of the L4 vertebra
24. The cecum:
A. Exhibits a complete longitudinal muscle layer
R Has a lumen characterized by the opening of the vermiform appendix
C. Is suspended on the transverse mesocolon
D. Is in the left iliac fossa
E. Receives its main arterial supply from the middle colic artery
25. Which of the following statements about the internal iliac system of arteries is FALSE?
A. The posterior division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to parietal branches only
B. The anterior division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to the umbilical artery
C. The uterine and vaginal arteries may branch from a common trunk
D. The internal pudendal artery exits the pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen
E. The inferior vesical artery supplies both the bladder and the prostate gland in the male
26. Which of the following statements about the rectum is FALSE?
A. The lower third of the rectum is entirely retroperitoneal
B. By digital examination of the rectum in the male, the prostate can be palpated through the
anterior wall of the rectum
C. The inner surface of the rectum has three transverse rectal folds on the posterior wall
D. The muscle layers of the wall of the rectum are under control of the autonomic nervous
system
E. Veins in the wall of the rectum from a clinically important communication between the portal
and caval venous system
27. Concerning the anal sphincters:
A. The internal anal sphincter is a thickened portion of the inner longitudinal layer ofsmooth
muscle of the anal canal
B. The superficial portion of the external anal sphincter is innervated by inferior rectalBranches
of the pudendal nerve
C. The deep portion of the external anal sphincter is fusiform in structure
D. The subcutaneous portion of the external anal sphincter is the largest portion of the ex­ternal
anal sphincter
E. The puborectalis muscle does not usually contact any of the anal sphincters
28. A patient was diagnosed with bleeding ulcer of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Which
artery is most likely involved?
A. Gastroduodenal
B. Left gastric
C. Left gastro­omental (epiploic)
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 17

18. D. Right gastro­omental (epiploic)
E. Short gastrics
29. In order to do a vagotomy (section of vagal nerve trunks) to reduce the secretion of acid by
cells of the stomach mucosa in patients with peptic ulcers, one needs to cut the gastric branches
and retain vagal innervation to other abdominal organs. Where would a surgeon look for
these branches in relation to the stomach?
A. Along the gastroepiploic vessels
B. Along the greater curvature
C. Along the lesser curvature
D. In the base of the omental apron
E. In the gastrocolic ligament
30. While performing a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) following an automobile accident,
thesurgeons were especially attentive to locate and preserve the tail of the pancreas, which is
closelyassociated with the spleen. This they found in the.
A. Gastrocolic ligament
B. Gastrospenic ligament
C. Phrenicocolic ligament
D. Splenorenal ligament
E. Transverse mesocolon
31. Which of the following structures does not lie at least partially in the retroperitoneum?
A. Adrenal gland
B. Duodenum
C. Kidney
D. Pancreas
E. Spleen
32. A 60­year­old male executive who had a his of a chronic duodenal ulcer was admitted to
theER exhibiting signs of a severe internal hemorhage. He was quickly diagnosed with
perforationof the posterior wall of the first part of duodenum and erosion of an artery behind it
by the gastric expel. The artery is most likely the:
A. Common hepatic
B. Gastroduodenal
C. Left gastric
D. Proper hepatic
E. Superior mesenteric
33. An ulcer near the pyloroduodenal junction perforated and eroded a large artery immediately
posterior to the duodenum. The ligation of the eroded vessel at its origin would LEAST
affectarterial supply to the:
A. First part of the duodenum
B. Second part of the duodenum
C. Greater curvature of the stomach
D. Head of the pancreas
E. Tail of the pancreas
34. You are observing an operation to remove the left suprarenal gland. To expose the gland. To
expose the gland the surgeon mobilizes the descending colon by cutting along its lateral
attachment to the body wall and dissecting medialward in the fusion fascia behind it. Suddenly
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 18

19. the operative field is filled with blood. The surgeon realizes he has failed to cut a mesenteric
attachment between the left colic flexure and another organ. As a result of the traction, the
surface of the organ tore. Which organ was injured?
A. Duodenum
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Spleen
E. Suprarenal gland
35. A patient was admitted with symptoms of an upper bowel obstruction. Upon CT examination,
it was found that the third (transverse) portion of the duodenum was compressed by a large
vessel causing the obstruction. The vessel involved is most likely to be the :
A. Inferior mesenteric artery
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric vein
D. Portal vein
E. Splenic vein
36. During emergency surgery, it was found that a chronic gastric ulcer had perforated the
posterior wall of the stomach and eroded a large artery running immediately posterior to the
stomach. The artery is the :
A. Gastroduodenal
B. Common hepatic
C. Left gastroepiploic
D. Splenic
E. Superior mesenteric
37. Regarding the 2nd portion of the duodenum, all are correct EXCEPT:
A. It is crossed by the transverse colon
B. It is thin walled and circular folds are absent in is interior
C. It has the opening for the common bile duct and pancreatic duct on its posteromedial wall
D. It is secondarily retroperitoneal
E. Both the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries supply it
38. In order to approach the area posterior to the stomach, a surgeon decided to go through the
lesser omentum. Before incising the mesentery she was careful to find and preserve a nerve lying
in the upper portion of the hepatogastric ligament, i.e., the :
A. Celiac branch of the anterior vagal trunk
B. Celiac branch of the posterior vagal trunk
C. Greater splanchnic branch to the right suprarenal gland
D. Hepatic branch of the anterior vagal trunk
E. Hepatic branch of the posterior vagal trunk
39. Which of the following is NOT in contact with the spleen?
A. Colon
B. Diaphragm
C. Duodenum
D. Pancreas
E. Stomach
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 19

20. 40. The fundus of the stomach receives its arterial supply from the:
A. Common hepatic
B. Inferior phrenic
C. Left gastroepiploic
D. Right gastric
E. Splenic
41. During an emergency splenectomy, the surgeon accidentally tore the gastrosplenic ligament
and its contents. The artery (ies) likely to be damaged in this event is (are) the:
A. Left gastric
B. Splenic
C. Short gastric
D. Middle colic
E. Caudal pancreatic
42. While performing emergency surgery to control hemorrhage brought on by arterial
erosioncaused by a duodenal ulcer, surgeons ligated the badly .damaged gastroduodenal artery
near its origin, which affected all of its branches as well. Assuming "average anatomy", in which
of thefollowing arteries would blood now flow in retrograde fashion (backwards) from
collateralsources?
A, Left hepatic
B. Right gastroepiploic
C. Short gastric
D. Left gastric
E. Omental branches
43.A 40 year­old male with a long history of duodenal ulcer problems was brought in for
emergency to control severe hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity. The surgeons found that
erosion by the ulcer of a vessel passing behind the first part of the duodenum was the source of
the hemorrhage. Which of the following vessels passes behind the first part of the duodenum and
would need to be clamped off to control the bleeding?
A. Coronary vein
B. Gastroduodenal artery
C. Inferior pancreatoduodenal artery
D. Proper hepatic artery
E. Splenic vein
44. During a cholecystectomy ( removal of the gall bladder), the surgical resident accidentally
jabbed a sharp instrument into the area immediately posterior to the epiploic foramen (its
posterior boundary). He was horrified to see the surgical field immediately fill with blood, the
source which he knew was the :
A. Aorta
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Portal vein
D. Right renal artery
E. Superior mesenteroc vein
45. The division between the true right and left lobes (internal lobes) of the liver may be
visualized on the outside of the liver as a plane passing through the :
A. gallbladder fossa and round ligament of liver
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 20

21. B. falciform ligament and ligamentum venosum
C. gallbladder fossa and inferior vena cava
D. falciform ligament and right hepatic vein
E. gallbladder fossa and right triangular ligament
46. Orally ingested contrast medium opening all of the following structures EXCEPT the:
A. Colon
B. Duodenum
C. Esophagus
D. Gall bladder
E. Stomach
47. To stop hemorrhaging from a ruptured spleen, it was necessary to temporarily ligate the
splenic artery near the celiac trunk. Which structure of the blood supply is least likely to be
affected by the ligation?
A. Duodenum
B. Greater omentum
C. Body of pancreas
D. Tail of pancreas
E. Stomach
48. A 50­year­old female patient with severe jaundice was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer­ You
suspect that the tumor is located in­which portion of the pancreas?
A. Head
B. Neck
C. Body
D. Tail
E. Uncinate process
49. A patient was admitted with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Further examination revealed
that the obstruction was caused by the nutcracker like compression of the bowel between the
superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. The compressed bowel is most likely the:
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum
D. Ascending colon
E Transverse colon
50. You are observing a laparoscope cholecystectomy. The surgeon states that he is next going to
expose the cystic artery in order to staple across it. He asks you where he should look for it. You
reply, "In the triangle of Calot” . What structures form this triangle and are the keys to finding
the artery?
A. Common hepatic duct, liver and cystic duct
B. Cystic duct, right hepatic artery and right hepatic duct
C. Gall bladder­ liver and common bile duct
D. Left hepatic duct, liver and cystic duct
E. Right branch of portal vein, liver and common bile duct
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 21

22. Answer
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.D 6. E 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.E 13.E
14.A 15.D 16.C 17.E 18.E 19.C 20.E 2l.C 22.D 23.B 24.B 25.D 26.C
27.B 28.B 29.C 30.D 31.E 32.B 33.E 34.D 35.B 36.D 37.B 38.D 39.C
40.E 41.C 42.B 43.B 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.A 49.A 50.A
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 22

23. hū xī xì tǒng
呼 吸 系 统
Respiratory system
1. The lining of the chest cavity is called the:
A. Pleural cavity
B. Endocardium
C. Costal pleura
D. Visceral pleura
E. Mediastinal pleura
2. Which part of laryngeal cavity is the narrowest part?
A. Aperture of larynx
B. Rima vestibuli
C. Fissure of glottis
D. Laryngeal vestibule
E. Infraglottic cavity
3. The portion of the pharynx that contains the palatine and lingual tonsils is the:
A. Laryngopharynx
B. Oropharynx
C. Nasopharynx
D. Esophageopharynx
E. Laryngeal cavity
4. The visceral pleura is known as the:
A. Costal pleura
B. Diaphragmatic pleura
C. Pulmonary Pleura
D. Mediastinal pleura
E. Cupula of pleura
5. All of the following statements about the nasopharynx are the true EXCEPT:
A. It communicates with the nasal cavity via choanac
B. The auditory tube opens along the lateral wall
C. The inferior border is the epiglottis
D. Pharyngeal recesses are found in the lateral walls
E. The levator veli palatine muscle forms a fold on the lateral wall
6. Concerning the lateral nasal wall:
A. The frontal sinus drains inferior to the middle nasal concha
B. The ethmoidal bulla is inferior to the inferior nasal concha
C. The maxilIary sinus drains superior to the middle nasal concha
D. The middle meatus is superior to the middle nasal concha
E. The sphenoethmoidal recess is direclly posterior to the inferior nasal concha
7. When examining the nasal cavity of a patient by spreading the nostril with a speculum, you
can confirm that:
A. The opening of the nasolacrimal duct is in the atrium
B. The opening of the anterior ethmoidal air cells is in the sphenoethmoidal recess
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 23

24. C. The opentng of the maxillary sinus is in the inferior meatus
D. The frontonasal duct drains into the semilunar hiatus
E. The choanae are between the vestibule and the atrium
8. The ethmoidal air cells:
A. Are normally filled with fluid
B. Drain poorly because their duct exits the superior aspect of the air cells
C. Are fully formed at the time of birth
D. Are separated from the orbit by a thick plate of bone
E. Are lined by mucous membrane that is innervated by branches of the nasociliary nerve
9. Which of the following statements about the muscles of the soft palate is FALSE?
A. The palatopharyngeus muscle underlies the palatopharyngeal fold
B. The salpingopharyngeus muscle is part of the longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx
C. The levator veil palatini is the only muscle of the palate that is innervated by CN V
D. The musculus uvulae is located at the boundary between the oral pharynx and the nasal
pharynx
E. The palatoglossus muscle is innervated by the vagus nerve
10. Which of the following structures does not drain into the region inferior to the middle nasal
concha?
A. Maxillary sinus
B. Anterior ethmoidal air cells
C. Middle ethmoidal air cells
D. Frontal sinus
E. Sphenoid sinus
11. The larynx has:
A. A quadrangular membrane which extends from the epiglottis to the tongue
B. A vocal ligament which extends from the arytenoid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage
C. A vestibular fold located superior to the vocal fold
D. An aryepiglottic fold along the upper margin of the conus elasticus
E. A thyroepiglottic muscle which courses parallel to the vocal ligament
12. In the larynx:
A. The vestibule opens posteriorly into the oropharynx
B. The saccule lies medial to the quadrangular membrane
C. The glottis lies inferior to the vocal folds
D. The vestibule lies superior to the vocal folds
E. The infraglottic cavity lies between the vocal and vestibular folds
13. Adduction of the vocal folds is a function of the:
A. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
B. Cricothyroid muscle
C. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
D. Aryepiglottic muscle
E. Thyroartenoid muscle
14. Your patient, an 86­year­old female who has been bed­ridden and lying supine for many
weeks; has developed a right lung abscess that is draining by gravity into one particular region of
the lung. Where is the most likely site of fluid accumulation?
A. Apical segment of upper lobe
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 24

25. B. Lingula
C. Lower lobe
D. Middle lobe
E. Superior segment of lower lobe
15. The pleural space into which lung tissue just above the cardiac notch would tend to expand
during deep inspiration is the:
A. Anterior mediastinum
B. Costodiaphragmatic recess
C. Costomediastinal recess
D. Cupola
E. Pulmonary ligament
16. A 16­year­old male suffered a stab wound in which a knife blade entered immediately
superior
to the upper edge of the right clavicle near its head. He was in extreme pain. which was
interpreted by the physician as a likely indicator of a collapsed lung following disruption of the
pleura. If that was true­ what portion of the pleura was most likely cut or torn?
A. Costal pleura
B. Cupola
C. Hilar reflection
D. Mediastinal pleura
E. Pulmonary ligament
17. During a lung transplant procedure, a doctor attempted to pass his index finger posteriorly
inferior to the root of the left lung, hut he found passage of the finger blocked. Which
structurewould most likely be responsible for this?
A. Costodiaphragmatic recess
B. Cupola
C. Inferior vena cava
D. Left pulmonary vein
E. Pulmonary ligament
18. Which feature is found only in the left lung?
A. Cardiac notch
B. Horizontal fissure
C. Oblique fissure
D. Superior lobar. bronchus
E. Three lobes
19. Which part of the left lung might partially fill the costomediastinal recess in full inspiration?
A. Apex
B. Cupola
C. Hilum
D. Lingula
E. Middle lobe
20. The oblique fissure of the right lung separates which structures?
A. Lower lobe from lingula
B. Lower lobe from upper lobe only
C. Lower lobe from both upper and middle lobes
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 25

26. D. Lower lobe from middle lobe only
E. Upper from middle lobe
21. A 35­yeai­old man was stabbed in the back with a knife that just nicked his left lung
halfwaybetween its apex and diaphragmatic surface. Which part of the lung was most likely
injured?
A. Hilum
B. Inferior lobe
C. Lingula
D. Middle lobe
E. Superior lobe
22. A 4­year­old girl is brought in with severe chest pain, and you are told by her mother that she
had been playing with some beads and had apparently aspirated one (gotten it into her airway).
Where would you expect it to most likely be?
A. Apicoposterior segmental bronchus of left lung
B. Left main bronchus
C. Lingular segment of left lung
D. Right main bronchus
E. Terminal bronchiole of right lung, lower lobe
23. A 78­year­old female presented with edema of the left upper limb due to poor venous return.
Examination revealed an aneurysm of the ascending aorta that was impinging on a large vein
lying immediately anterosuperior to it, most likely the:
A. Azygos v.
B. Internal thoracic v.
C. Left brachiocephalic v.
D. Left superior intercostal v.
E. Right brachiocephalic v.
24. Which statement is true about the right lung?
A. It is slightly smaller than the left lung
B. It has a lingular segmental bronchus
C. It occupies the right most portion of the mediastinum
D. Its upper lobar bronchus lies behind and above the right pulmonary artery
E. It has the right phrenic nerve passing posterior to the lung root
25. During a surgical procedure in the vicinity of the descending aorta, a surgeon accidentally
cuts the first aortic intercostal arteries. Which of the following structures might be deprived of its
main source of blood supply?
A. First posterior intercostal space
B. First anterior intercostal space
C. Left bronchus
D. Right bronchus
E. Fibrous pericardium
26. The first rib articulates with the sternum in close proximity to the:
A. Nipple
B. Root of the lung
C. Sternal angle
D. Stemoclavicular joint
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 26

27. E. Xiphoid process
27. A sick person, lying supine in bed, aspirates (breathes in) some fluid into their lungs while
swallowing. It would most likely end up in which of the following bronchopulmonary segments.
A. Anterior segmental bronchus of right superior lobe
B. Medial segmental bronchus of right middle lobe
C. Superior segmental bronchus of right inferior lobe
D. Medial basal segmental bronchus of left inferior lobe
E. Inferior segmental bronchus of lingular lobe
28. You are caring for a 68­year­old male who has copious amounts of fluid in the left pleural
cavity due to acute pleurisy. When you exam him as he sits up in bed (trunk upright) , where
would the fluid tend to accumulate?
A. Costodiaphragmatic recess
B. Costomediastinal recess
C. Cupola
D. Hilar reflection
E. Middle mediastinum
29. The portion the parietal pleura that extends above the first rib is called the:
A. Costodiaphragmatic recess
B. Costomediastinal recess
C. Costocervical recess
D. Cupola
E. Endothoracic fascia
30. An 8­year­old boy is found to have a mid­line tumor of the thymus gland that is impinging
posteriorly on a blood vessel. The affected vessel is most likely the:
A. Left brachiocephalic vein
B. Left pulmonary vein
C. Left bronchial vein
D. Right pulmonary artery
E. Right superior intercostals vein
31. A frail, elderly man, suspected of having widespread cancer of the lungs and bronchi,
isBrought in for bronchoscopic examination. The instrument is inserted into the airway, where
itaccidentally punctures the thin, brittle posterior wall of the diseased right main bronchus.
Asudden gush of blood immediately indicates that the instrument has also torn the wall of
thebloodvessel immediately behind the right main bronchus, i.e. , the:
A. Azygos vein
B. Left brachiocephalic artery
C. Pericardiacophrenic artery
D. Right pulmonary vein
E. Superior vena cava
32. A 10­year­old boy underwent a tonsillectomy under general anesthesia. At home he lay
supine in bed for two weeks and developed a fever and chest pain with cough. He returned to
thehospital and was diagnosed as having right lung pneumonia due to aspiration of infectious
material during the tonsillectomy. In which bronchopulmonary segment of the lung would fluid
(pus) most likely have accumulated by the simple force of gravity?
A. Anterior basal segment­inferior lobe
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 27

28. B. Anterior segment­superior lobe
C. Lateral segment­middle lobe
D. Superior segment­inferior lobe
E. Superior lingual segment­lingula
33. You are observing a doctor perform a bronchoscopy. As he passes the bronchoscope down
thetrachea, a cartilagenous structure is observed separating the right and left main stem
bronchi.He asks what it is called? You reply that it really does look like a ship' s keel and that it
iscalled, the:
A. Carina
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Costal cartilage
D. Pulmonary ligament
E. Tracheal ring
34. The minor (horizontal) fissure separates.
A. The lower lobe from the lingula
B. The upper lobe from the lingula
C. The lower lobe from both the middle and upper lobes
D. The lower lobe from the middle lobe
E. The middle lobe from the upper lobe
35. A 23­year­old man comes to you complaining that he can't stop crying, i.e. tears regularlyrun
down the right side of his face. You suspect that one of the lacrimal ducts on the right side ofthe
face is blocked. You look into an endoscope to see if the nasolacrimal duct is blocked. Intowhich
part of the nasal cavity would you look to see the opening of the duct?
A. Hiatus semilunaris
B. Inferior meatus
C. Middle meatus
D. Sphenoethmoidal recess
E. Superior meatus
36. The communication between the pharynx) and the nasal cavity is known as the:
A. Aditus
B. Auditory tube
C. Choana
D. Fauces
E. Piriform recess
37. The muscle most responsible for the abduction of the vocal folds is the:
A, Arytenoid
B. Cricothyroid
C. Lateral cricoarytenoid
D. Posterior cricoarytenoid
E. Thyroarytenoid
38. The vocalis muscle is probably the one most responsible for the fine control of
phonationbecause of its attachment into the:
A. Arytenoid cartilage
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Thyroid cartilage
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 28

29. D. Vestibular ligament
E. Vocal ligament
Answer:
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.E 9.C 10.E 11.C 12.E 13.C
14.E 15.C 16.B 17.E 18.A 19.D 20.C 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.D 25.D 26.D
27.C 28.A 29.D 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.A 34.E 35.B 36.C 37.D 38.E
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 29

30. mì niào shēng zhí xì tǒng
泌 尿 生 殖 系 统
Urinogenital system
1.A surgeon approaching the anterior aspect of the left kidney would encounter all of the
following structures EXCEPT the:
A. Splenorenal ligament
B. Renal fascia
C. Tail of the pancreas
D. Left colic flexure
E. Second part of the duodenum
2. The right renal artery:
A. Arises from the abdominal aorta near the level of the inferior mesenteric artery
B. Passes posterior to the inferior vena cava
C. Supplies the only arterial branches to the right suprarenal gland
D. Is shorter than the left renal artery
E. Is the usual source of the right testicular (or ovarian) artery
3. The suprarenal glands:
A. Are not essential for life
B. Have a cortex and medulla ?
C. Are drained by the inferior phrenic vein
D. Are enclosed in the capsule of the kidney
E. Do not have lymphatics
4. A surgeon approaching the posterior aspect of the right kidney would encounter all of the
following structures EXCEPT the:
A. 12th rib
B. Central tendon of the diaphragm
C. Quadratus lumborum muscle
D. Iliohypogastric nerve
E. Perirenal fat
5. A CT scan reveals a large tumor in the Superior pole of the right kidney; surgical removal of
the kidney is required. What other organ ( s) are within the renal fascia?
A. Spleen and tail of the pancreas
B. Suprarenal gland and inferior Suprarenal artery
C. 3rd part of the duodenum
D. Psoas major and quadatus lumborum muscles
E. None of the above is correct
6. Lymphatic vessels from the kidney and perirenal fat mainly drain:
A. Along the renal vessels to lumbar lymph nodes
B. Along the ureter to pelvic lymph nodes
C. Toward the posterior abdominal wall
D. Toward the bare area of the liver and its lymph nodes
E. None of the above is correct
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 30

31. 7. Concerning the renal arteries:
A. The right renal artery is longer than the left
B. Each gives off an inferior suprarenal artery
C. They are enclosed in renal fascia and surrounded with perirenal fat
D. Each separates into branches which enter the renal sinus both anterior and posterior to the
renal pelvis
E. All of the above are correct
8. Which of the following is NOT found in the renal sinus?
A. Pelvis of the ureter
B. Branches of the renal vein
C. Perirenal fat
D. Autonomic nerve fibers
E. Parietal peritoneum
9. The renal pelvis is:
A. A funnel­shaped tube, wide above and' narrow below
B. Formed by the junction of two or three major renal calyces
C. Situated partly inside the renal sinus
D. Situated partly outside the renal sinus
E. All the above are true
10. Urine that leaves the distal convoluted tubule passes through the following structures in
which ; Sequence?
A. Collecting duct, hilus, calyces, ureter
B. Collecting duct, calyces, pelvis, ureter
C. Calyces, collecting duct, pelvis, ureter
D. Calyces, hilus, pelvis, ureter:
E. Calyces, hilus, pelvis, ureter
11. The male urethra is encircled by which structure?
A. Epididymis
B. Scrotum
C. Prostate gland
D. Seminal vesicle
E. Spermatic cord
12. The urinary bladder:
A. Has a base that is covered by peritoneum entirely
B. Has an apex that is continuous with the puboprostatic (pubovesical) ligament
C. Has lateral surfaces related to the obturator internus fascia and the levator ani muscle
D. Is supplied by branches of the middle sacral artery
E. In the male, has the seminal vesicles contacting its anterior surface
13. By transvaginal digital examination:
A. The rectum can be palpated through the posterior vaginal wall
B. The ureters can be palpated through the lateral fornices
C. Pulsations of the internal iliac system of vessels can be felt through the lateral wall
D. The urethra can be palpated through the anterior vaginal wall
E. All of the above
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 31

32. 14. In the prostatic portion of the male urethra:
A. Can be found the navicular fossa
B. The urethral crest can be seen on the anterior wall
C. The seminal colliculus can be seen on the posterior wall
D. The prostatic utricle is found inferior to the seminal colliculus
E. The ductus deferens enters through the lateral wall
15. In their journey from the testis to the urethra, what is the correct order in which spermatozoa
Encounter the following parts of the duct system?
A. Efferent ductule, rete testis, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct
B. Rete testis, efferent ductule, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct
C. Ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, duct of epididymis, efferent ductule, rete testis
D. Rete testis, efferent ductule, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct
E. Rete testis, efferent ductule, duct of epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory
duct
16. In its normal position, the uterus:
A. Is said to be anteflexed and anteverted
B. Has its intestinal surface in direct contact with the rectum
C. Has coils of ileum in contact with its vesical surface
D. Is covered by peritoneum on its lateral surfaces
E. Has the axis of its cervical canal aligned with the axis of the vaginal canal
17. In the female, the ureters:
A. Enter the superior surface of the urinary bladder
B. Course along the anterior wall of the vagina
C. Are in contact with peritoneum throughout their extent
D. Border the posterior aspect of the ovarian fossa
E. Receive their blood supply solely from the ovarian arteries
18. Concerning the urinary bladder:
A. It is covered by peritoneum on all surfaces
B. Its wall is traversed tangentially by the ureters
C. It includes an area called the trigone in its posteroinferior wall
D. All of the above are correct
E. Only B and C are correct
19. The pararenal fat in the kidney bed is an elaboration of:
A. Peritoneum
B. Extraperitoneal connective tissue
C. Transversalis fascia
D. Fusion fascia
E. All of above
20. All the following statements about the male genital organs are true except that:
A. The testis are two glandular organs
B. The epididymis consists of the head, body and tail
C. The ductus deferens traverses the inguinal canal
D. The ejacculatory duct open into the urinary bladder
E. The prostate is around the commencement of the urethra
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 32

33. 21. The deep dorsal vein of the penis (clitoris):
A. Passes between the arcuate pubic and transverse perineal ligaments
B. Is a tributary of the internal pudendal vein
C. Is a tributary of the internal iliac vein
D. Is a tributary of the external pudendal vein
E. Is located in the corpus spongiosum
22. The pudendal nerve:
A. Arises from spinal cord levels L5, S1, S2
B. Contains no sensory nerve fibers
C. Gives rise to the middle rectal nerve
D. Continues as the dorsal nerve of the penis (clitoris)
E. Usually gives rise to the anterior scrotal nerve in the male
23. Concerning the penis, the:
A. Root (fixed portion) of the penis is attached to the perineal membrane and ischiopubic rami
B. Corpus spongiosum is found dorsal to the corpora cavemosa
C. Tunica albuginea is a thickened layer of connective tissue surrounding the ischiocavemosus
muscles ?
D. Membranous urethra contains a dilated portion called the fossa navicularis
E. The glands is the expanded distal portion of the corpora cavemosa
24. A 19­year­old male suffers a tear to the psoas major muscle during the course of a football
game. A scar, which formed on the medial part of the belly of the muscle, involved an adjacent
nerve, immediately medial to the muscle. The nerve is called the:
A. Femoral
B. Genitofemoral
C. Iliohypogastric
D. Ilioguinal
E. Obturator
25. The male pelvis tends to differ from the female pelvis in that the male pelvis often has a:
A. Larger pelvic inlet
B. Smaller subpubic angle
C. Straighter sacral curvature
D. Larger pelvic outlet
E. Rounder pelvic inlet
26. After agreeing to have no more children, a man and his wife decided he should have a
vasectomy. What structure would then be surgically ligated?
A. Ductus deferens
B. Ejaculatory duct
C. Epididymis
D. Fossa navicularis
E. Seminal vesicle
27. Which structure does NOT form part of the boundary defining the trigone of the bladder?
A. Interuteric crest
B. Left ureteric orifice
C. Right ureteric orifice .
D. Urachus
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 33

34. E. Urethral orifice
28. Which structure is found only in males?
A. Anterior recess of ischoianal fossa
B. Genital hiatus
C. Ischiocavemosus muscle
D. Rectovesical pouch
E. Sphincter urethrae muscle
29. The prostate is often imaged using an ultrasound translation placed in which location?
A. Penis
B. Perineum
C. Rectum
D. Urethra
E. Urinary bladder
30. The prostate gland:
A. Contains upper/middle and lower lobes
B. Encircles the urethra
C. Is well imaged radiologically using an intravenous urogram
D. Is extraperitoneal
E. BandD
31. During a vasectomy, the ductus deferens is ligated in the superior part of the scrotum. Two
months following this sterilization procedure, the subsequent ejaculate contains:
A. Prostatic fluid only
B. Seminal fluid and prostatic fluid
C. Sperm only
D. Sperm and seminal fluid
E. Sperm, seminal fluid, and prostatic fluid
32. An elderly male patient presents with dysuria and urgency. You suspect benign prostatic
hypertrophy which has caused an enlargement of the:
A. Interureteric crest
B. Prostatic utricle
C. Seminal collicus
D. Sphincter urethrae
E. Uvula
33. An elderly patient notices red blood in his stool. As part of his examination, you insert a
proctoscope (sigmoidoscope) through his anal canal. As you pass the scope superiorly
through the rectum, the most prominent features to be seen are:
A. Longitudinal muscle bands
B. Tenia coli
C. Transverse rectal folds
D. Rectovesical pouches
E. Haustra
34. An elderly patient is having difficulty in voiding (urinating). He complains that after voiding,
he still feels as though he needs "to go" again. You suspect that this patient suffers from benign
prostatic hypertrophy, which has caused enlargement of the __ of the bladder.
A. Seminal colliculus
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 34

35. B. Interureteric crest
C. Ampulla
D. Trigone
E. Uvula
35. The part of the male reproductive tract which carries only semen within the prostate gland is
the:
A. Prostatic urethra
B. Membranous urethra
C. Seminal vesicle
D. Ductus deferens
E.Ejaculatory duct
36. Which of the following does not conduct spermatozoa?
A. Ampulla of the ductus deferens
B. Duct of the seminal vesicle
C. Epididymis
D. Prostatic Urethra
E. All of the above
37. The suspensory ligament of the ovary;
A. Connects the ovary to the uterus
B. Is continuous with the round ligament
C. Passes inferior to the ureter
D. Contains the ovarian artery and vein
E. Is firmly attached to the bifurcation of the aorta
38. The duct of the greater vestibular gland opens:
A. At the posterior­lateral edge of the introitus of the vagina
B. Just superior to the hymen
C. At the posterior labial commissure
D. Between the labium minus and labium majus
E. Between the introitus and the urethra
39. Anterior extensions of the labia minima meet in the midline to form the;
A. Mons pubis
B. Introitus
C. Body of the clitoris
D. Frenulum of clitoris
E Opening of the uretha
40­ You are observing a doctor perform an abdominal hysterectomy­ He notes that it is vitals
protect the ureter which is found in the base of the:
A. Mesometrium
B. Mesovarium
C. Mesosalpinx
D. Round ligament of the uterus
E. Suspensory ligament of the ovary
41. The extension of the vaginal lumen around the intravaginal part of the uterine cervix is the;
A. Cervical canal
B. Uterine lumen
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 35

36. C. Fomix
D. Rectouterine Pouch
E. Uterovesical Pouch
42. Under normal conditions, fertilization occurs in which part of the female reproductive tract?
A. Infundibulum of uterine tube
B. Ampulla of uterine tube
C. Isthmus of uterine tube
D. Uterien lumen
E. Cervical canal
43. Which structure is outlined with contrast on a CT using intraperitoneal contrast material?
A. Ovary
B. Prostate
C. Rectum
D. Seminal vesicles
E. Vagina
44. Which of the following is considered a part of the broad ligament?
A. Mesovarium
B. Proper ovarian ligament
C. Round ligament of proper uterus
D. Suspensory Ligament of ovary
E. Uterosacral ligament
45. A gynecologist examines a 27­year­old woman. Upon rectal examination, a firm structure,
directly in front of the rectum in the midline, is palpated through the anterior wall of the rectum.
This structure is the:
A. Bladder
B. Body of uterus
C. Cervix of uterus
D. Pubic symphysis
E. Vagina
46. The most inferior extent of the peritoneal cavity in the female is the;
A, Pararectal fossa
B. Paravesical fossa
C. Rectouteime pouch
D. Rectovesical pouch
E. Vesicouterine pouch
47. During a hysterectomy and an oophorectomy, the uterine and ovarian vessels must be"ligated.
These vessels can be found in vVhich ligaments?
A. Broad and proper ovarian
B. Broad and suspensory
C. Round and proper ovarian
D. Round and suspensory
E. Suspensory and proper ovarian
48. During a hysterectomy, care must be taken in ligation of the uterine vessels because they
crossthe superiorly.
A. Ureter
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 36

37. B. Round ligament of uterus
C. Ovarian artery
D. Lumbosacral trunk
E. Inferior hypogastric plexus
49. Following pregnancy and delivery, a 32­year­old woman continued to have problems with
urinary incontinence, which developed during pregnancy. Her obstetrician counseled her to
strengthen the muscle bordering the vagina and urethra, increasing its tone and exerting pressure
on the urethra, This physical therapy was soon adequate to restore urinary continence. What
muscle was strengthened?
A. Coccygeus
B. Ischiocavemosus
C. Obturator Intemus
D. Piriformis
E. Puborectalis
50. After giving birth, a patient complains of urinary stress incontinence characterized by
dribbling of urine with an increase in intra­abdominal pressure. Her physician suspects injury to
the pelvic floor during delivery,' which may have altered the position of the neck of bladder and
the urethra. Which muscle was most likely damaged during the vaginal delivery?
A. Bulbospongiosus
B. Coccygeus
C. Levator ani
D. Obturator intemus
E. Piriformis
51. The vestibular bulbs/bulb of the corpus spongiosum are firmly attached to the;
A. Inferior fascia ofurogenital diaphragm
B. Sacrotuberous ligament
C. Ischiopubic rami !
D. Pubic symphysis
E. Ischial tuberosities
52. A structure which takes the form of a hood anterosuperior to the clitoris:
A. Frenulum of clitoris
B. Labia majora
C. Labia minora
D. Prepuce
E. All of the above
53. A structure which is homologous to the male scrotum:
A. Labia minora
B. Labia majora
C. Glans
D. Shaft of corpus cavernosum
E. All of the above
54. The part of the internal lining of the uterus which is shed during menstruation is the:
A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
C. Mesometrium
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 37

38. D. Cervical mucosa
E. Rugae
55. A female patient isfoundtohaveanectopic (tubal) pregnancy (embryo develops in the uterine
tube). In order to gain access to the peritoneal cavity endoscopically to remove the embryo, the
instrument can be passed into the vagina and through the :
A. Anterior fornix
B. Cervix
C. posterior fornix
D. Retropubic space
E. Vesicouterine pouch
Answer
1.E 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.E 8.E 9.E 10.B 11.C
12.C 13.E 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.A 22.D
23.A 24.E 25.B 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.E 31.B 32.C 33.C
34.E 35.E 36.B 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.A 41.C 42.B 43.A 44.A
45.C 46.C 47.B 48.C 49.E 50.C 51.A 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.C
Viscera
Define the following Terms
1) Isthmus of fauces
2) Superior alimentary canal
3) Porta hepatic
4) Hepatobiliary triangle
5) Dentate line
6) Douglas' pouch
7) Hilum of lung
8) Costodiaphragmatic recess
9) Renal hilum
10) Trigone bladder
11) Interureteric ridge
12) Spermatic cord
13) fornix of vagina
Essay question
1. Describe the parts and the main structures of each parts of the pharynx and their
communication.
2. Describe the shape and location of esophagus and the location of its 3 narrow parts.
3. Describe the position , the external shape and the parts of the stomach.
4. Describe the shape, the lobes and the location of liver.
5. Describe the drainage way of bile.
6. Describe the position , the shape and the lobes of the two lungs.
7. Describe the location, the shape, the structure of the two kidneys.
8.in a male patients, through which constrictions and curvatures can a small stone within the
renal pelvis be excreted to the outside?
9. Describe the position , the external and internal features ,and the fixed apparatus of uterus。
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 38

39. xīn xuè guǎn xì tǒng
心 血 管 系 统
Cardiovascular system
1. These are branches of abdominal aorta EXCEPT:
A. The middle suprarenal arteries
B. The celiac trunk
C. The renal arteries
D. The uterine arteries
E. The ovarian arteries
2. These are structure in right atrium，EXCEPrT :
A. Fossa ovalis
B. Orifice of the coronary sinus
C. Valve of the inferior vena cava
D. Trabeculae carneae
E. Crista terminalis
3. The left atrium:
A. Is situated on the left side of right atrium
B. Forms the left border of the heart
C. Projects forwards to form the left auricle
D. There are no pectinate muscle in the left atrium
E. Communicates posterioinferiorly with the left ventricle
4. The blood supply of the lateral wall of left ventricle is mainly from:
A. The anterior interventricular artery
B. The main trunk of left coronary
C. The circumflex branch
D. The main trunk of right coronary
E. The posterior interventricular artery
5. W hen the left atrium is enlarged which structure will be compressed first?
A. Trachea
B. Inferior vena cava
C. Vagus nerve
D. Esophagus
E. Aortic arch
6. These are structures in left ventricle EXCEPT:
A. Mitral valve
B. Conus arteriosus
C­ Trabeculae cameae
D. Chordae tendineae
E. Papillary muscles
7. Which of the following vein is tributary of inferior vena cave:
A. The right suprarenal vein
B. The left suprarenal vein
C. The left ovarian vein
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 39

40. D. The right ascending lumbar vein
E. The portal vein
8. Which of the veins below drains the venous blood from periumbilical venous network to great
saphenous vein:
A Inferior epigastric vein
B. Superior epigastric vein
C. Thoracoepigastric vein
D. Superficial circumflex vein
E. Superficial epigastric vein
9. The base of heart:
A. It faces forwards and to the right
B. Is formed by the right atrium
C. Is formed mainly by the left atrium and to a small extent, by the right atrium
D. Is formed by the right ventricle
E. Is formed by the left ventricle
10. The pericardium:
A. Has a fibrous layer which is fused to the central tendon of the diaphragm and adventitia of the
great vessels
B. Has a serous layer loosely attached to the heart
C. Extends superiorly to the level of the jugular notch
D. Has a transverse sinus between the superior vena cava and pulmonary veins
E. Has an oblique sinus between its anterior wall and the right ventricle
11. The left coronary artery:
A. Courses with the middle cardiac vein
B. Has an anterior interventricular branch which supplies blood to part of the interventricular
septum
C. Emerges from the aorta between the pulmonary trunk and the right auricle
D. Has an important branch to the sinoatrial node
E. Arises from the arch of the aorta
12. The coronary sinus:
A. Opens into the transverse pericardial sinus
B. Courses in the posterior interventricular sulcus
C. Receives anterior cardiac veins as major tributaries
D. Drains into the right atrium
E. Is fused to the fibrous pericardium
13. A pathologist examining a heart at autopsy would find the middle cardiac vein;
A. In the coronary sulcus
B. In the posterior interventicular sulcus
C. Draining into the left atrium
D. Coursing adjacent to the left coronary artery
E. Draining into the superior vena cava
14. During heart transplantation, the surgeon cuts the pericardial reflection that forms the
boundary of the oblique pericardial sinus. The oblique pericardial sinus is found between the:
A. Superior and inferior vena cava
B. Pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 40

41. C. Arch of the aorta and the four pulmonary veins
D. Inferior vena cava and the four pulmonary veins
E. Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
15. The fibrous pericardium receives its major arterial supply from branches of the :
A. Inferior phrenic arteries
B. Coronary arteries
C. Posterior intercostals arteries
D.Pericardiacophrenic arteries
E.Bronchial arteries
16. The right atrium :
A. Is the most posterior chamber of the heart
B. Has musculi pectinati on the interior of its wall
C. Has a smooth vertical ridge, the terminal crest, on its septal
D. Forms the apex of the heart
E. Has the superior and inferior vena cava as its only sources of blood
17. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the specialized conduction system of the heart?
A. Contractions of the atria are initiated at the atrioventricular node
B. Stimulation of the vagus nerve tends to increase heart rate
C. Activation of the ventricles is achieved by spread of the conduction impulse through the
atrioventricular bundle
D. The heart's fibrous skeleton forms a complete electrical barrier between the atria and
ventricles
E. The septomarginal trabecula carries the conduction impulse across the membranous portion of
lhe interventricular septum
18. A deficiency in blood flow to the heart's sinuatrial node would probably result from blocking
blood flow through which of the following?
A. Anterior interventricular artery
B. Circumflex artery
C. Right coronary artery
D. Right marginal artery
E. Posterior interventricular artery
19. The interventricular septum :
A. Has bolh muscular and membranous parts
B. Receives its only arterial supply from the posterior interventricular artery
C. Is concave on the right side when viewed in cross section
D. Does not have a papillary muscle attached to it
E. Is lined with visceral pericardium
20. A pediatric surgeon repairing a patent (open) forameen oval must be aware that the
sinoatrialnode is located :
A. Near the orifice of the mitral valve
B. In the crista termnalis near the opening of the superior vena cava
C. In the interatrial septum
D. ln the moderator band
E. Between the opening of the inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
2l. Thepectinatemuscles arelocated within the heart:
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 41

42. A. On the anterior wall of the atrium
B. On the interatrial septum
C. In the right ventricle
D. On the sinus venarum
E. On the right side of the interventricular septum
22. The aortic semilunar valve :
A. Usually has four cusps
B. Is located anterior to the pulmonary
C. When closed, prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
D. Is superior to the origin of the coronary arteries
E. Is supported by chordae tendineae
23. The apex of the heart is usually located deep to the :
A. Xiphisternum
B. 5th intercostals space about 8cm left of the midline
C. Junction of the 5th costal cartilage with the sternum
D. Right 4th intercostals space
E. Left 4th intercostals space adjacent to the sternum
24. The thoracic aorta :
A. Is the origin of all intercostals arteries
B. Enters the abdomen behind the median arcuate ligament at the level of the 12lh thoracic
ventebra where it becomes the abdominal aorta
C. Courses anterior to the esophagus
D. Courses to the right of the midline
E. Has only paired branches in the posterior mediastinum
25. Which of the following is FALSE concerning the azygos system of veins?
A. The azygos vein collects blood from right intercostals veins
B. In the thorax, the azygos vein usually ascends on the vertebral column to the right of the
midline
C. The thoracic duct is between the aorta and the azygos vein
D. The hemiazygos vein is formed by the junction of the left ascending lumbar and subcostal
veins
E. The azygos vein is crossed anteriorly by the right posterior intercostal veins
26. The brachiocephalic veins are situated in the :
A. Superior mediastinum
B. Anterior mediastinum
C. Middle mediastinum
D. Posterior mediastinum
E. Retropharyngeal mediastinum
27. In coarctation of the aorta the ribs may be notched due to enlarged collateral blood vessels.
These collateral anastomoses would involve all of the following vessels EXCEPT the :
A. Subclavian arteries
B. Highest intercostals arteries
C. Internal thoracic arteries
D. Inferior thyroid arteries
E. Anterior intercostal arteries
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 42

43. 28. Which of the following does NOT drain into a brachiocephalic vein?
A. Inferior thyroid vein
B. Vertebral vein
C. Arch of the azygos vein
D. Left superior intercostals vein
E. Right internal thoracic vein
29. In reference to the lymphatics of the abdomen:
A. The thoracic duct receives lymph from the lower extremities only
B. Very few lymph nodes are associated with the abdominal aorta
C. Lymph from the intestine may be whitish after a fatty meal due to absorption of fat
D. Lymphatic return from the GI tract is limited because the GI tract has a sparse lymphatic
capillary bed
E. The cistema chyli is located at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra
30. On its course to the cistema chyli, lymph from the lower extremity could pass through which
of the following lymph nodes?
A. External iliac nodes
B. Common iliac nodes
C. Lumbar nodes
D. Inguinal nodes
E. All of the above
31. The ovarian artery:
A. Arises as a branch of the abdominal aorta on both the left and right sides
B. Courses through the mesometrium
C. Supplies blood to the anal canal
D. Has an anastomosis with the inferior epigastric artery
E. Passes inferior to the ureter to on its way to the uterus
32. Blockage of which of the following arteries would lead to ischemia of the apex of the heart?
A. Anterior interventricular (descending)
B. Left circumflex
C. Posterior interventricular (descending)
D. Right marginal
E. Right coronary
33. If the ductus arteriosus does not spontaneously close off soon after birth (to become the
ligamentum arteriosum), it may have to be surgically ligated. When clamping or ligating it,
whatimportant structure immediately behind it must be identified and saved?
A. Arch of the azygos vein
B. Internal thoracic artery
C. Left phrenic nerve
D. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
E. Left superior intercostal vein
34.A hand slipped behind the heart at its apex can be extended upwards until stopped by a line of
pericardial reflection that forms the :
A. Cardiac notch
B. Costomediastinal recess
C. Hilar reflection
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 43

44. D. Oblique pericardial sinus
E. Transverse pericardial sinus
35. Which valves would be open during ventricular systole?
A. Aortic and pulmonary
B. Aortic and tricuspid
C. Mitral and aortic
D. Tricuspid and mitral
E. Tricuspid and pulmonary
36. Which statement is true of the right atrioventricular valve?
A. It is also called the mitral valve
B. It is open during ventricular diastole
C. It transmits oxygenated blood
D. It is opened by the pull of chordae tendineae
E. It consists of 2 leaflets
37. An elderly lady suffers a coronary occlusion and subsequently it is noted that there is a
complete heart block (that is, the right and left bundles of the conduction system have been
damaged. The artery most likely involved is the:
A. Acute marginal branch
B. Circumflex branch
C. Anterior interventricular (Left anterior descending)
D. Obtuse marginal
E. Posterior interventricular (posterior descending)
38. Which event occurs during ventricular diastole?
A. Filling of coronary arteries
B. Closure of mitral valve
C. Opening of pulmonary valve
D. Closure of tricuspid valve
E. Opening of aortic valve
39. The sound associated with tricuspid stenosis (narrowing) in a 40­year­old male would be best
heard at which location on the anterior chest wall?
A. Below the left nipple
B. In the right 2nd intercostal space near the sternum
C. Over the apex of the heart
D. Over the sternal angle
E. Xiphoid area, just off the sternum
40. Blockage of blood flow in the proximal part of the anterior interventricular artery could
deprive a large area of heart tissue of blood supply, unless a substantial retrograde flow into this
artery develops via an important anastomosis with which other artery?
A. Circumflex
B. Left marginal
C. Posterior interventricular
D. Right coronary
E. Right marginal
41. Traumatic, acceleration/deceleration injuries to the aorta usally occur where its mobile and
fixed portions meet. This would be at the:
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 44

45. A. At the ligamentum arterious
B. Junction of aortic arch with the descending portion
C. Junction of the ascending aorta with the heart
D. Origin of the brachiocephalic artery on the arch
E. Point where the descending aorta passes through the diaphragm
42. Which structure does NOT lie in the coronary sulcus?
A. Circumflex artery
B. Coronary sinus
C. Right coronary artery
D. Right marginal artery
E. Leit coronary artery
43. During a hysterectomy and an oophorectomy, the uterine and ovarian vessels must be ligated.
These vessels can be found in which ligaments?
A. Broad and ovarian
B. Broad and suspensory
C. Round and ovarian
D. Round and suspensory
E. Suspensory and ovarian
44. During a hysterectomy, care must be taken in ligation of the uterine vessels because they
cross the __ superiorly.
A. Ureter
B. Round ligament of the uterus
C. Ovarian artery
D. Lumbosacral trunk
E. Inferior hypogastric plexus
45. Which of the following nerves would be most vulnerable to irritation when the
tracheobronchial lymph nodes are enlarged due to a diseased situation?
A. Right phrenic
B. Left phrenic
C. Right recurrent laryngeal
D. Left recurrent laryngeal
E. Right vagus
46. In obstruction of the superior or inferior vena cava, venous blood is returned to the heart by
an alternate route via the azygos vein, which becomes dilated in the process. Which of the
following structures might it compress as a result?
A. Trachea
B. Root of the left lung
C. Phrenic nerve
D. Thoracic duct
E. Descending aorta
47. While attempting to suture the distal end of a coronary bypass onto the anterior mterventricu­
lar artery, the surgeon accidentally passed the needle through the adjacent vein. Which vein
was damaged?
A. Anterior cardiac vein
B. Coronary sinus
系统解剖学习题（留学生） 45