SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 21
Download to read offline
30.4 NATIONALISM IN INDIA AND
SOUTHWEST ASIA
flag if India (right)
flags of Turkey, Iran,
and Saudi Arabia
(below)
INDIAN NATIONALISM GROWS
 Two groups rid India of foreign rule:
 Indian National Congress (Hindus-see symbol below left)
 Muslim League (Muslims-see symbol below right)
WORLD WAR I INCREASES NATIONALIST
ACTIVITY
 Until WWI, the vast majority
of Indians had little interest
in independence.
 The British promised
reforms in return for service
during WWI, but Britain did
not fulfill its promise.
 Radical nationalists carried
out acts of violence.
 British passed the Rowlett
Act in 1919 allowing the
government to jail
protestors without trial for
as long as two years.
Sir Sidney Arthur Taylor Rowlatt (20 July
1862 - 1 March 1945) was an English
lawyer and judge, best remembered for his
controversial presidency of the Rowlatt
committee, The committee gave rise to the
Rowlatt Act, an extension of the Defense of
India Act 1915.
AMRITSAR MASSACRE
 In protest of Rowlett Acts 10,000
Hindus and Muslims flocked to
Amritsar in 1919 where they
fasted, prayed, and listened to
political speeches.
 The British had banned public
meetings. The British commander
of Amritsar ordered British troops
to fire on the crown without
warning for 10 minutes.
 400 Indians were killed and
1,200 were wounded.
 Almost overnight the Amritsar
Massacre changed millions of
Indians from loyal British subjects
into Indian nationalists. Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer
nicknamed “The Butcher of Amritsar” was
the commander responsible for ordering
the firing on civilians, including women
children.
.303 LEE-ENFIELD RIFLE
 The troops who fired on the unarmed civilian
crowd were armed with .303 Lee-Enfield rifles.
CHARLES FREER ANDREWS
 He was a Church of
England priest who
favored Indian
independence and
became a close friend of
Mohandas Gandhi.
 He called the Amritsar
Massacre a “cold-
blooded massacre and
inhumane.”
GANDHI'S TACTICS OF NONVIOLENCE
• Mohandas K. Gandhi
emerged as the leader of
the independence
movement.
 Gandhi’s strategy involved his
deeply religious approach to
political activity.
 He blended ideas of all the
major world’s religions.
 He came to be called
Mahatma (meaning “great
soul”).
NONCOOPERATION
 Gandhi urged the Indian National Congress to
follow a policy of noncooperation with the
British government.
 In 1920, the Congress Party endorsed civil
disobedience (the deliberate and public refusal
to obey an unjust law).
 Gandhi launched his civil disobedience
campaign to weaken British authority and
economic power.
BOYCOTTS
 Gandhi asks Indians to refuse to buy British
goods, attend government schools, pay British
taxes, or vote in elections.
 Gandhi also staged a boycott of British cloth
 He urged all Indians to weave their own cloth
 He himself spent two hours a day spinning his own
yarn.
 The sale of British cloth in India dropped sharply.
STRIKES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
 Civil disobedience took economic toll on the
British
 1920 British arrest thousands of Indians who
took part in strikes and demonstrations.
 In spite of please for nonviolence, protests led
to riots.
THE SALT MARCH
 In 1930, Gandhi organized the
Salt March in protest of the Salt
Acts.
 Indians could only buy salt from
the government which was taxed
 Gandhi and followers marched
240 miles to the sea where the
people made their own salt.
 Some demonstrators marched
to a British salt processing
plant but were met with
violence.
 About 60,000 people, including
Gandhi, were arrested during
demonstrations against the salt
tax.
BRITAIN GRANTS LIMITED SELF-RULE
 In 1935, the British Parliament passed the
Government of India Act.
 Provisions:
 local self-government
 granted limited democratic elections
 Limits: It did not grant total independence.
BRITAIN GRANTS LIMITED SELF-RULE
 The Government of India Act fueled tensions
between Muslims and Hindus.
 Two groups had different visions for independence.
 Indian Muslims feared being outnumbered by
Indian Hindus.
NATIONALISM IN SOUTHWEST ASIA
• Breakup of the Ottoman
Empire and growing Western
political and economic
interest spurred the rise of
nationalism.
TURKEY BECOMES A REPUBLIC
 Turkey kept its homelands
 Anatolia
 small strip of land around Istanbul
TURKEY BECOMES A REPUBLIC
 1919 Greek soldiers
invade Turkey
 Turkish sultan powerless
to stop the Greeks.
 1922 Mustafa Kemal, a
nationalist leader
 successfully fought back
the Greeks and their
British backers.
 after winning a peace,
overthrew the last
Ottoman sultan.
TURKEY BECOMES A REPUBLIC
 1923 Kemal became president of the new
Republic of Turkey and ushered in reforms.
 separated laws of Islam from the laws of the nation
 abolished religious courts and created a new legal
system
 granted women the right to vote
 launched government funded programs to industrialize
Turkey
 Kemal died in 1938, but left a legacy of a new
national identity. He is called the “father of the
Turks.”
PERSIA BECOMES IRAN
 After WWI, when Russia
was still reeling from the
Bolshevik Revolution,
the British tried to take
over all of Persia.
 A nationalist revolt was
triggered.
PERSIA BECOMES IRAN
 Reza Shah Pahlavi seized
power in 1921, and in 1925
deposed the ruling shah.
 He set out to modernize the
country
 established public schools
 built roads and railroads
 promoted industrial growth
 extended women’s rights
 He kept all power in his own
hands
 He changed the name of the
country from Persia to Iran
SAUDI ARABIA KEEPS ISLAMIC TRADITIONS
 In 1902, Abd al-Azis Ibn Saud
began a successful campaign
to unify Arabia
 In 1932 the new kingdom was
called Saudi Arabia
 Ibn Saud carried on Arab and
Islamic traditions. Loyalty was
based on custom, religion, and
family ties
 Ibn Saud brought modern
technology to the country, but
limited to what was religiously
acceptable.
 No democracy was practiced.
Oil Drives Development
 Rising demand for
petroleum products brought
new oil explorations to
Southwest Asia.
 European and American
companies discovered oil in
Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and
Kuwait
 Geologists discovered nearly
two-thirds of the world’s oil
supply was in the Persian
Gulf region.
 Western nations then began
to try to dominate this
region.

More Related Content

What's hot

32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new
32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new
32.2 japan’s pacific campaign newBrighton Alternative
 
Chapter 29
Chapter 29Chapter 29
Chapter 29ezasso
 
30.5 the end of the cold war
30.5 the end of the cold war30.5 the end of the cold war
30.5 the end of the cold warMrAguiar
 
Russian revolution [new]
Russian revolution [new]Russian revolution [new]
Russian revolution [new]William Hogan
 
Chapter 27
Chapter 27Chapter 27
Chapter 27ezasso
 
Rise of totalitarian dictators
Rise of totalitarian dictatorsRise of totalitarian dictators
Rise of totalitarian dictatorsezasso
 
Us involvement in ww1
Us involvement in ww1Us involvement in ww1
Us involvement in ww1Za Hira
 
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934George Dumitrache
 
Imperialism Power Point
Imperialism Power PointImperialism Power Point
Imperialism Power PointMichael Payne
 

What's hot (20)

31 3 fascism-rises_in_europe
31 3 fascism-rises_in_europe31 3 fascism-rises_in_europe
31 3 fascism-rises_in_europe
 
27.1 the scramble for africa
27.1 the scramble for africa27.1 the scramble for africa
27.1 the scramble for africa
 
30 1 revolutions in-russia
30 1 revolutions in-russia30 1 revolutions in-russia
30 1 revolutions in-russia
 
31 4 aggressors-invade_nations
31 4 aggressors-invade_nations31 4 aggressors-invade_nations
31 4 aggressors-invade_nations
 
32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new
32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new
32.2 japan’s pacific campaign new
 
32 4 the allied victory
32 4 the allied victory32 4 the allied victory
32 4 the allied victory
 
Chapter 29
Chapter 29Chapter 29
Chapter 29
 
27.4 british imperialism in india
27.4 british imperialism in india27.4 british imperialism in india
27.4 british imperialism in india
 
30.5 the end of the cold war
30.5 the end of the cold war30.5 the end of the cold war
30.5 the end of the cold war
 
Russian revolution [new]
Russian revolution [new]Russian revolution [new]
Russian revolution [new]
 
29 3 a global-conflict
29 3 a global-conflict29 3 a global-conflict
29 3 a global-conflict
 
Chapter 27
Chapter 27Chapter 27
Chapter 27
 
32.3 the holocaust new slides
32.3 the holocaust new slides32.3 the holocaust new slides
32.3 the holocaust new slides
 
29 3 a global-conflict
29 3 a global-conflict29 3 a global-conflict
29 3 a global-conflict
 
25.2 industrialization
25.2 industrialization25.2 industrialization
25.2 industrialization
 
Rise of totalitarian dictators
Rise of totalitarian dictatorsRise of totalitarian dictators
Rise of totalitarian dictators
 
How Nazi Lawyers Used Jim Crow Laws in Drafting the Nuremberg Race Laws To Pe...
How Nazi Lawyers Used Jim Crow Laws in Drafting the Nuremberg Race Laws To Pe...How Nazi Lawyers Used Jim Crow Laws in Drafting the Nuremberg Race Laws To Pe...
How Nazi Lawyers Used Jim Crow Laws in Drafting the Nuremberg Race Laws To Pe...
 
Us involvement in ww1
Us involvement in ww1Us involvement in ww1
Us involvement in ww1
 
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: MUSSOLINI DIPLOMACY BETWEEN 1923 AND 1934
 
Imperialism Power Point
Imperialism Power PointImperialism Power Point
Imperialism Power Point
 

Viewers also liked

The Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages introduction and overviewThe Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages introduction and overviewMr Halligan
 
Freedom struggle
Freedom struggleFreedom struggle
Freedom strugglearinjai15
 
Trade Routes
Trade RoutesTrade Routes
Trade RoutesTRENTON
 
Medieval Literature: an overview
Medieval Literature: an overviewMedieval Literature: an overview
Medieval Literature: an overviewMansa Daby
 
World History Ch 29: WWI
World History Ch 29: WWIWorld History Ch 29: WWI
World History Ch 29: WWIMissShillina
 
Medieval times
Medieval timesMedieval times
Medieval timesmelody2868
 
The positive and negative features of nationalism south africa
The positive and negative features of nationalism  south africaThe positive and negative features of nationalism  south africa
The positive and negative features of nationalism south africaMaretha Spies
 
Nationalism in la, africa, asia and india
Nationalism in la, africa, asia and indiaNationalism in la, africa, asia and india
Nationalism in la, africa, asia and indiaTodd Whitten
 
Lenin’s body and red square
Lenin’s body and red squareLenin’s body and red square
Lenin’s body and red squareMr Halligan
 
Cold war origins conference summaries
Cold war origins   conference summariesCold war origins   conference summaries
Cold war origins conference summariesMr Halligan
 
Imperialism
ImperialismImperialism
Imperialismavsward
 
Mt tarawera eruption
Mt tarawera eruption Mt tarawera eruption
Mt tarawera eruption Mr Halligan
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Hinduism and buddhism
Hinduism and buddhismHinduism and buddhism
Hinduism and buddhism
 
Russian revolution ppt
Russian revolution pptRussian revolution ppt
Russian revolution ppt
 
The Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages introduction and overviewThe Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages introduction and overview
 
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
NATIONALISM IN INDIA NATIONALISM IN INDIA
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
 
Freedom struggle
Freedom struggleFreedom struggle
Freedom struggle
 
Trade Routes
Trade RoutesTrade Routes
Trade Routes
 
The Early Midle Ages
The Early Midle AgesThe Early Midle Ages
The Early Midle Ages
 
TehtäVäMoniste Intia
TehtäVäMoniste IntiaTehtäVäMoniste Intia
TehtäVäMoniste Intia
 
Medieval Literature: an overview
Medieval Literature: an overviewMedieval Literature: an overview
Medieval Literature: an overview
 
World History Ch 29: WWI
World History Ch 29: WWIWorld History Ch 29: WWI
World History Ch 29: WWI
 
Medieval times
Medieval timesMedieval times
Medieval times
 
Wh29nonotes
Wh29nonotesWh29nonotes
Wh29nonotes
 
The positive and negative features of nationalism south africa
The positive and negative features of nationalism  south africaThe positive and negative features of nationalism  south africa
The positive and negative features of nationalism south africa
 
Nationalism in la, africa, asia and india
Nationalism in la, africa, asia and indiaNationalism in la, africa, asia and india
Nationalism in la, africa, asia and india
 
Western Europe
Western Europe Western Europe
Western Europe
 
Lenin’s body and red square
Lenin’s body and red squareLenin’s body and red square
Lenin’s body and red square
 
Nationalism in india
Nationalism in indiaNationalism in india
Nationalism in india
 
Cold war origins conference summaries
Cold war origins   conference summariesCold war origins   conference summaries
Cold war origins conference summaries
 
Imperialism
ImperialismImperialism
Imperialism
 
Mt tarawera eruption
Mt tarawera eruption Mt tarawera eruption
Mt tarawera eruption
 

Similar to 30.4 nationalism in india and southwest asia

India indepndence
India indepndenceIndia indepndence
India indepndencemuneera1994
 
Rise of Nationalism in India
Rise of Nationalism in IndiaRise of Nationalism in India
Rise of Nationalism in IndiaCris Gamit
 
Indian independence
Indian independenceIndian independence
Indian independencek0socha
 
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947Lijina Mohan
 
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptx
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptxGhadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptx
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptxAbozarYousafzai
 
India: Gandhi and the Road to Independence
India: Gandhi and the Road to IndependenceIndia: Gandhi and the Road to Independence
India: Gandhi and the Road to Independencejeffmarshall
 
Class 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movement
Class 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movementClass 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movement
Class 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movementKamlesh Khanna
 
Indian national movement
Indian national movementIndian national movement
Indian national movementXirust
 
Social Studies Art Integrated Project.pptx
Social Studies Art Integrated Project.pptxSocial Studies Art Integrated Project.pptx
Social Studies Art Integrated Project.pptxTongyoushelkhaling
 
Independence day celebration
Independence day celebrationIndependence day celebration
Independence day celebrationSARANYASAILAJAN
 
Nios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movement
Nios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movementNios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movement
Nios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movementSajina Nair
 
Rise of nationalism in india
Rise of nationalism in indiaRise of nationalism in india
Rise of nationalism in indiaSIBI V
 
The Non Cooperation Movement # History of India's Freedom Struggle
The Non Cooperation Movement  # History of India's Freedom StruggleThe Non Cooperation Movement  # History of India's Freedom Struggle
The Non Cooperation Movement # History of India's Freedom StruggleMonica Sharma
 
Mr. Costanzo Indian Independence Webquest
Mr. Costanzo Indian Independence WebquestMr. Costanzo Indian Independence Webquest
Mr. Costanzo Indian Independence WebquestNicholas Costanzo
 

Similar to 30.4 nationalism in india and southwest asia (20)

India indepndence
India indepndenceIndia indepndence
India indepndence
 
Indian nationalism
Indian nationalismIndian nationalism
Indian nationalism
 
Nationalism in india
Nationalism in indiaNationalism in india
Nationalism in india
 
Rise of Nationalism in India
Rise of Nationalism in IndiaRise of Nationalism in India
Rise of Nationalism in India
 
Indian independence
Indian independenceIndian independence
Indian independence
 
Khilafat movement
Khilafat movementKhilafat movement
Khilafat movement
 
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947
INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1857-1947
 
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptx
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptxGhadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptx
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptx
 
India: Gandhi and the Road to Independence
India: Gandhi and the Road to IndependenceIndia: Gandhi and the Road to Independence
India: Gandhi and the Road to Independence
 
Class 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movement
Class 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movementClass 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movement
Class 8 chapter_14_the_nationalist_movement
 
Indian national movement
Indian national movementIndian national movement
Indian national movement
 
Pakistan movement
Pakistan movementPakistan movement
Pakistan movement
 
Social Studies Art Integrated Project.pptx
Social Studies Art Integrated Project.pptxSocial Studies Art Integrated Project.pptx
Social Studies Art Integrated Project.pptx
 
Indian nationalism and gandhi
Indian nationalism and gandhiIndian nationalism and gandhi
Indian nationalism and gandhi
 
Independence day celebration
Independence day celebrationIndependence day celebration
Independence day celebration
 
Nios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movement
Nios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movementNios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movement
Nios Std X, 10th , Social Science, Ch 8 indian national movement
 
Rise of nationalism in india
Rise of nationalism in indiaRise of nationalism in india
Rise of nationalism in india
 
The Non Cooperation Movement # History of India's Freedom Struggle
The Non Cooperation Movement  # History of India's Freedom StruggleThe Non Cooperation Movement  # History of India's Freedom Struggle
The Non Cooperation Movement # History of India's Freedom Struggle
 
Class 8 history
Class 8 historyClass 8 history
Class 8 history
 
Mr. Costanzo Indian Independence Webquest
Mr. Costanzo Indian Independence WebquestMr. Costanzo Indian Independence Webquest
Mr. Costanzo Indian Independence Webquest
 

More from Brighton Alternative (20)

American Revolution with timeline.pptx
American Revolution with timeline.pptxAmerican Revolution with timeline.pptx
American Revolution with timeline.pptx
 
American Revolution with timeline.pptx
American Revolution with timeline.pptxAmerican Revolution with timeline.pptx
American Revolution with timeline.pptx
 
India (1).pptx
India (1).pptxIndia (1).pptx
India (1).pptx
 
The renaissance
The renaissanceThe renaissance
The renaissance
 
A brief history, of the Tudors
A brief history, of the TudorsA brief history, of the Tudors
A brief history, of the Tudors
 
Feudalism in europe
Feudalism in europeFeudalism in europe
Feudalism in europe
 
6 fall of rome
6 fall of rome6 fall of rome
6 fall of rome
 
1 greece geography &
1 greece geography & 1 greece geography &
1 greece geography &
 
2 Athenian golden age
2 Athenian golden age 2 Athenian golden age
2 Athenian golden age
 
3 alexander the great
3 alexander the great3 alexander the great
3 alexander the great
 
5 rome becomes empire
5 rome becomes empire5 rome becomes empire
5 rome becomes empire
 
4 early roman republic
4 early roman republic 4 early roman republic
4 early roman republic
 
Hinduism and budhhism
Hinduism and budhhismHinduism and budhhism
Hinduism and budhhism
 
Judaism
Judaism Judaism
Judaism
 
Egypt
EgyptEgypt
Egypt
 
China
ChinaChina
China
 
Mesopotamia
MesopotamiaMesopotamia
Mesopotamia
 
Human migration & beginning of agriculture
Human migration & beginning of agricultureHuman migration & beginning of agriculture
Human migration & beginning of agriculture
 
Economic systems
Economic systemsEconomic systems
Economic systems
 
Philippine war political cartoons
Philippine war political cartoonsPhilippine war political cartoons
Philippine war political cartoons
 

30.4 nationalism in india and southwest asia

  • 1. 30.4 NATIONALISM IN INDIA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA flag if India (right) flags of Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia (below)
  • 2. INDIAN NATIONALISM GROWS  Two groups rid India of foreign rule:  Indian National Congress (Hindus-see symbol below left)  Muslim League (Muslims-see symbol below right)
  • 3. WORLD WAR I INCREASES NATIONALIST ACTIVITY  Until WWI, the vast majority of Indians had little interest in independence.  The British promised reforms in return for service during WWI, but Britain did not fulfill its promise.  Radical nationalists carried out acts of violence.  British passed the Rowlett Act in 1919 allowing the government to jail protestors without trial for as long as two years. Sir Sidney Arthur Taylor Rowlatt (20 July 1862 - 1 March 1945) was an English lawyer and judge, best remembered for his controversial presidency of the Rowlatt committee, The committee gave rise to the Rowlatt Act, an extension of the Defense of India Act 1915.
  • 4. AMRITSAR MASSACRE  In protest of Rowlett Acts 10,000 Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar in 1919 where they fasted, prayed, and listened to political speeches.  The British had banned public meetings. The British commander of Amritsar ordered British troops to fire on the crown without warning for 10 minutes.  400 Indians were killed and 1,200 were wounded.  Almost overnight the Amritsar Massacre changed millions of Indians from loyal British subjects into Indian nationalists. Colonel Reginald Edward Harry Dyer nicknamed “The Butcher of Amritsar” was the commander responsible for ordering the firing on civilians, including women children.
  • 5. .303 LEE-ENFIELD RIFLE  The troops who fired on the unarmed civilian crowd were armed with .303 Lee-Enfield rifles.
  • 6. CHARLES FREER ANDREWS  He was a Church of England priest who favored Indian independence and became a close friend of Mohandas Gandhi.  He called the Amritsar Massacre a “cold- blooded massacre and inhumane.”
  • 7. GANDHI'S TACTICS OF NONVIOLENCE • Mohandas K. Gandhi emerged as the leader of the independence movement.  Gandhi’s strategy involved his deeply religious approach to political activity.  He blended ideas of all the major world’s religions.  He came to be called Mahatma (meaning “great soul”).
  • 8. NONCOOPERATION  Gandhi urged the Indian National Congress to follow a policy of noncooperation with the British government.  In 1920, the Congress Party endorsed civil disobedience (the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law).  Gandhi launched his civil disobedience campaign to weaken British authority and economic power.
  • 9. BOYCOTTS  Gandhi asks Indians to refuse to buy British goods, attend government schools, pay British taxes, or vote in elections.  Gandhi also staged a boycott of British cloth  He urged all Indians to weave their own cloth  He himself spent two hours a day spinning his own yarn.  The sale of British cloth in India dropped sharply.
  • 10. STRIKES AND DEMONSTRATIONS  Civil disobedience took economic toll on the British  1920 British arrest thousands of Indians who took part in strikes and demonstrations.  In spite of please for nonviolence, protests led to riots.
  • 11. THE SALT MARCH  In 1930, Gandhi organized the Salt March in protest of the Salt Acts.  Indians could only buy salt from the government which was taxed  Gandhi and followers marched 240 miles to the sea where the people made their own salt.  Some demonstrators marched to a British salt processing plant but were met with violence.  About 60,000 people, including Gandhi, were arrested during demonstrations against the salt tax.
  • 12. BRITAIN GRANTS LIMITED SELF-RULE  In 1935, the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act.  Provisions:  local self-government  granted limited democratic elections  Limits: It did not grant total independence.
  • 13. BRITAIN GRANTS LIMITED SELF-RULE  The Government of India Act fueled tensions between Muslims and Hindus.  Two groups had different visions for independence.  Indian Muslims feared being outnumbered by Indian Hindus.
  • 14. NATIONALISM IN SOUTHWEST ASIA • Breakup of the Ottoman Empire and growing Western political and economic interest spurred the rise of nationalism.
  • 15. TURKEY BECOMES A REPUBLIC  Turkey kept its homelands  Anatolia  small strip of land around Istanbul
  • 16. TURKEY BECOMES A REPUBLIC  1919 Greek soldiers invade Turkey  Turkish sultan powerless to stop the Greeks.  1922 Mustafa Kemal, a nationalist leader  successfully fought back the Greeks and their British backers.  after winning a peace, overthrew the last Ottoman sultan.
  • 17. TURKEY BECOMES A REPUBLIC  1923 Kemal became president of the new Republic of Turkey and ushered in reforms.  separated laws of Islam from the laws of the nation  abolished religious courts and created a new legal system  granted women the right to vote  launched government funded programs to industrialize Turkey  Kemal died in 1938, but left a legacy of a new national identity. He is called the “father of the Turks.”
  • 18. PERSIA BECOMES IRAN  After WWI, when Russia was still reeling from the Bolshevik Revolution, the British tried to take over all of Persia.  A nationalist revolt was triggered.
  • 19. PERSIA BECOMES IRAN  Reza Shah Pahlavi seized power in 1921, and in 1925 deposed the ruling shah.  He set out to modernize the country  established public schools  built roads and railroads  promoted industrial growth  extended women’s rights  He kept all power in his own hands  He changed the name of the country from Persia to Iran
  • 20. SAUDI ARABIA KEEPS ISLAMIC TRADITIONS  In 1902, Abd al-Azis Ibn Saud began a successful campaign to unify Arabia  In 1932 the new kingdom was called Saudi Arabia  Ibn Saud carried on Arab and Islamic traditions. Loyalty was based on custom, religion, and family ties  Ibn Saud brought modern technology to the country, but limited to what was religiously acceptable.  No democracy was practiced.
  • 21. Oil Drives Development  Rising demand for petroleum products brought new oil explorations to Southwest Asia.  European and American companies discovered oil in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait  Geologists discovered nearly two-thirds of the world’s oil supply was in the Persian Gulf region.  Western nations then began to try to dominate this region.