1. Imperialism in the 18Imperialism in the 18thth
& 19& 19thth
CenturiesCenturies

2. IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)IMPERIALISM (1770s-1914)
Industrialized nations (nation-Industrialized nations (nation-
states of Europe, U.S., Russia, andstates of Europe, U.S., Russia, and
later Japan) strengthened theirlater Japan) strengthened their
control over their colonies ANDcontrol over their colonies AND
established transoceanic empiresestablished transoceanic empires
throughout Asia, the Pacific, andthroughout Asia, the Pacific, and
Africa.Africa.
Imperialism is this extension ofImperialism is this extension of
political and economic control.political and economic control.

3. European Colonies - 1700European Colonies - 1700

4. Industrialized nations controlIndustrialized nations control
by 1900by 1900

7. The partition of Africa 1800sThe partition of Africa 1800s

8. The partition of Africa 1914The partition of Africa 1914

9. British control of IndiaBritish control of India

10. The British Empire 19The British Empire 19thth
centurycentury

11. Imperialism in the 18Imperialism in the 18thth
& 19& 19thth
CenturiesCenturies

12. WHY did industrializedWHY did industrialized
nations seek to controlnations seek to control
other areas of the world inother areas of the world in
the 18the 18thth
and 19and 19thth
centuries?centuries?

13. Western nations wanted:Western nations wanted:
PROFIT!!PROFIT!!
IndustrializedIndustrialized
nations wantednations wanted
access to:access to:
 raw materialsraw materials
for theirfor their
factoriesfactories
 precious metalsprecious metals
& jewels& jewels

14.  markets for their factorymarkets for their factory
productsproducts

15.  To control the trade of valuableTo control the trade of valuable
products around the world.products around the world.

16.  To relieve pressure of overpopulationTo relieve pressure of overpopulation
(and class conflict)(and class conflict)
 To gain “Great Power” status in aTo gain “Great Power” status in a
competitive political systemcompetitive political system

17. ABCs for Baby Patriots-ABCs for Baby Patriots-
18991899

18.  Missionaries, aid societies, andMissionaries, aid societies, and
others wanted to “Christianize”others wanted to “Christianize”
and/or “civilize” people in lessand/or “civilize” people in less
developed regions.developed regions.
•By 1910,
10,000
missionaries in
Africa
•By the 1960s,
50 million

21. HOW did they do it?HOW did they do it?
Industrialized nations:Industrialized nations:
 Used their stronger militariesUsed their stronger militaries
(using superior firepower,(using superior firepower,
military technology, & navies)military technology, & navies)

22. Maxim
Gun and
Breech-
loading
rifles

23. SteamSteam
PoweredPowered
TransportationTransportation

25. Industrialized nations usedIndustrialized nations used
their wealth for influencetheir wealth for influence
 Relied on native elites toRelied on native elites to
directly rule and nativedirectly rule and native
soldiers to enforce lawssoldiers to enforce laws
 Had support by industrialists,Had support by industrialists,
military, and religious groupsmilitary, and religious groups

26. Industrialized nations had:Industrialized nations had:
 Medicines and medical technologyMedicines and medical technology
 Quinine protected from malariaQuinine protected from malaria

27. JUSTIFICATION forJUSTIFICATION for
ImperialismImperialism
 Widespread belief amongWidespread belief among
imperial powers thatimperial powers that
European (or Japanese) racesEuropean (or Japanese) races
SHOULD dominate the world.SHOULD dominate the world.
 SOCIAL DARWINISM –SOCIAL DARWINISM –
survival of the world’s bestsurvival of the world’s best
racesraces

28. What is being
advertised?
Where is this taking
place?
What is going on?
What are the ways
that this image
symbolizes or give
characteristics of
Imperialism? (3
things)
Who was the queen
at the time?
Advertisement 1897 Britain

29. Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa
 By 1914, 90% of Africa was underBy 1914, 90% of Africa was under
European controlEuropean control
 Berlin Conference in 1885 set theBerlin Conference in 1885 set the
ground rules for Europeanground rules for European
colonization of Africacolonization of Africa
 Africans in decentralized societies w/Africans in decentralized societies w/
no formal state structure held out theno formal state structure held out the
longest against European conquestlongest against European conquest

30. The partition of Africa 1800sThe partition of Africa 1800s

31. The partition of Africa 1914The partition of Africa 1914

32. • See if you can identify part of the
problem with colonization.

33. The RhodesThe Rhodes
ColossusColossus
©2012, TESCCC

35. Consequences of the ScrambleConsequences of the Scramble
for Africafor Africa
 Traditional way of life disruptedTraditional way of life disrupted
 Economic exploitation of AfricansEconomic exploitation of Africans
 European racism imported intoEuropean racism imported into
AfricaAfrica
 Spread of European cultureSpread of European culture
(education and religion)(education and religion)
 Spread of Western technologySpread of Western technology
 Change in women’s rolesChange in women’s roles

36. Largest colonial empireLargest colonial empire
Great Britain (UnitedGreat Britain (United
Kingdom)Kingdom)
Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland
““White” ColoniesWhite” Colonies
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, SouthCanada, Australia, New Zealand, South
AfricaAfrica
 Populated mainly by people that movedPopulated mainly by people that moved
there from Britainthere from Britain
 Given self-ruleGiven self-rule

37. Largest colonial empireLargest colonial empire
Great Britain (UnitedGreat Britain (United
Kingdom)Kingdom)
Includes England, Scotland, Wales, IrelandIncludes England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland
““Non-white” Colonies in India & AfricaNon-white” Colonies in India & Africa
 Under indirect ruleUnder indirect rule
 Populated mainly by people who are native toPopulated mainly by people who are native to
the areathe area
 Few people from Britain actually live there – butFew people from Britain actually live there – but
control the governmentcontrol the government

38. British control of IndiaBritish control of India

39. Indian Rebellion1857-58Indian Rebellion1857-58
changes British controlchanges British control
•Indian soldiers or
“sepoys” rebelled
against the British
leadership.
•After the violence
ended, the British
government took
control of India
from the British
East India
Company.

41. A British Merchant's Home in Colonial India

42. Consequences of BritishConsequences of British
Imperialism in IndiaImperialism in India
 British educational system establishedBritish educational system established
 Rise of educated Indian middle classRise of educated Indian middle class
-eventually politically active-eventually politically active
 Hinduism more “defined”Hinduism more “defined”
 Spread of English languageSpread of English language
 Railroads tied India togetherRailroads tied India together

43. Question of the DayQuestion of the Day
 What was distinctive about EuropeanWhat was distinctive about European
colonial empires of the nineteenth centurycolonial empires of the nineteenth century
(as opposed to earlier empires in history)?(as opposed to earlier empires in history)?