1. CCOT and
COMPARATIVE
BIG IDEAS
and
Vocab

4. CONTINUITY in politics and social
classes
 From the earliest civilizations to the
present, political leaders and
governments had connections or were
somehow tied to religion.
 Religious leaders were often in the elite
classes.
 Egyptian pharaoh, Mandate of Heaven,
Caliph, Akbar made his own religion,
Divine Right, Iranian Revolution

5.  "The National Government will
preserve and defend those basic
principles on which our nation has
been built. It regards Christianity as
the foundation of our national
morality, and the family as the basis
of national life."
— Adolf Hitler, Berlin, 1933, first radio
address after coming to power

6. "We believe
democracy is an
atheist call that
idolizes human
beings."
—Ansar al-Sunnah

7. CHANGE in politics in the WEST and later in
Asia & Africa (1750 to 1900) & (1900-Present)
The RISE OF SECULAR GOVERNMENTS
 Political structures in some regions were
NO LONGER directly connected to
religious institutions.
 Governments’ power was not based on
religious ideology – but on other ideas
such as:
 Popular sovereignty
 Military leadership
 Ability to rule

8. Causes and Examples
Causes:
 Enlightenment (1450-1750)
 Post-WWs disillusion (1900 to present)
Examples:
 U.S. government (1770s)

9.  Believing that religion is a matter which lies
solely between man and his God . . . I
contemplate with sovereign reverence that
act of the whole American people which
declared that their Legislature should
"make no law respecting an establishment
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof," thus building a wall of separation
between Church and State .
 Thomas Jefferson

10. Causes and Examples
Causes:
 Enlightenment (1450-1750)
 Post-WWs disillusion (1914 to present)
Examples:
 U.S. government (1770s)
 French governments (1800s)
 Communist Russia (1918)
 Turkey (from former Ottoman) (1920s)
 Communist China (1940s)

11.  Religion is the sigh of the oppressed
creature. It is the opium of the
people. The abolition of religion as the
illusory happiness of the people is
required for their real happiness.
 Karl Marx

12. ECONOMIC CHANGES
 2000s bce Neolithic Revolution
(agriculture) leads to permanent
settlements
 200s bce - 400s ce Classical
Trade
 Classical period saw more trade as
classical empires in Mediterranean,
India, and China helped foster trade

13. ECONOMIC CHANGES
 INDIAN OCEAN, SILK ROADs,
Trans-Saharan Trade
 700s – 1000s ce Islamic Empire
 1300s – MONGOLS!

14. ECONOMIC CHANGES
 1450 – 1750s ce European
Expansion
 Americas, Africa, Asia, Atlantic and
Indian Ocean connections (Triangle
trade, slave trade)
 More “world” in world trade. Global
commerce begins due to silver
moving to China.

15. ECONOMIC CHANGES
 Late 1700s to 1900 Industrial
Revolution first in Europe, then
US, then Russia and Japan
 Manufacturing and commerce
became the base of many
economies. Political, social, and
gender results. The WEST began to
dominate.

16. ECONOMIC CHANGES
 19th
century Imperialism and
Colonialism
 World trade increases as Europeans
and US take control of many parts of
Africa and Asia.

17. ECONOMIC CHANGES
 1900s Consumerism
 Emphasis on consumer goods in the
economy began in the West.
 1930s Global Economic Crisis
 (between the world wars) Economies of the
West declined with major implications
for the dependent economies of Latin
America, Africa, & Asia

18. CONTINUITIES in POLITICS and
SOCIAL CLASSES
The military had an important role in the
government and politics of regions and
empires.
Warriors/military leaders have often been in the
elite classes.
Some evidence
 Classical Civs were all based on expansion and then
dominance through military might or alliances (1st
centuries
bce to 3rd centuries ce).
 Islamic Empire expanded through military conquest. (8th
centuries to 11th
century).
 Mongol armies built the largest land empire in the world (13th
century).
 Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires and Aztec & Inca. (13th
to 17th
centuries)
 The America, French, Haitian (18th
), Latin American (19th
), and
Russian Revolutions (20th
) were military based.
 Ashoka, Muhammad, Knights, Samurai, Aztec warriors,
Chinggis Khan, George Washington, Mao

19. CONTINUITIES in POLITICS
From the earliest civilizations to the
present, the military has had an
important role in the government and
politics of regions and empires.
EXCEPTIONS,
 Chinese scholar gentry had power over
the military in times of stability and
were in an equivalent social class.

20. SOME AP VOCAB
 Demographics –
 make-up of human populations (ethnic,
religious, regional)
 Political structure or system – how the
government is set up (and its
bureaucracy)
 Social hierarchy –
 social class (the caste system was only
in India)

21. SOME AP VOCAB
 Labor systems – how people work, work
patterns
 Coercive labor system – forced labor like
slavery or indentured servitude.
 Elite – upper class
 Gender systems – roles of men and
women