1. ANCIENT EGYPT

2. NILE RIVER
-- longest river in the world
-- flows north to the Mediterranean Sea
-- at the river’s delta, silt is deposited.
-- flooding creates rich farmland
-- floods at predictable times

3. NILE RIVER
What was the weather like in Egypt?
What was the land not near the desert like?
Netflix
Crash Course – Ancient Egypt

4. FARMING IN ANCIENT EGYPT
-- irrigation canals were dug to bring water to dry areas
-- in 1600 BC, the shadoof was used to move water
-- Turned wheat into flour and then bread
Lettuce
Onions
Cucumbers
Figs
Grapes
-- wove flax into linen

5. HOUSING IN ANCIENT EGYPT
-- bricks of mud mixed with chopped straw
-- wove sticks and palm for roofs
-- reed mats with linen sheets
-- Nobles: tree-lined courtyards
pools of lotus
blossoms

6. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY
-- economy depended on farming
Mining
-- copper and iron for tools & weapons
-- Gold, limestone, granite for tombs & temples
-- turquoise, emerald for jewelry

7. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY
Fishing & Hunting
-- lightweight, reed rafts, nets, and harpoons for fishing
-- speared hippos & crocodiles

8. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY
Transportation & Trade
-- Nile became a highway
-- reed boats with sails and oars
-- slow & navigable
-- trade created surpluses

9. EGYPTIAN SOCIAL ROLES
Cared for the
Ruler
temples
Believe
Pleased the
d to be Trained in
hieroglyphics gods
a god.
Used a
barter
system
Largest
Group
debtors,
criminals,
prisoners of
war

10. EXPANDING
KNOWLEDGE

11. MATH AND SCIENCE

12. MEDICINE

13. BELIEFS &
RELIGION

14. LIFE AFTER DEATH

15. MIDDLE KINGDOM
 Between 2160 and 2055 BC Egypt gripped by Civil
War
 Pharaoh Mentuhotep II brings stability

16. AMENEMHET I
 Founds Twelfth Dynasty 1985 BC
 Claimed the Prophecy of Neferti foretold of his rise
 His dynasty lasted for 200 years

17. STRENGTH & WEALTH OF THE TWELFTH DYNASTY
 Used military might to extend Egypt’s boundaries
 Sought Nubian gold
 Agriculture grew
 150,000 new acres of farmland created
 Literature and trade grew

18. DECLINE OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
-- Asiatics (Asians) move into the eastern Delta
-- Hyksos invade from Palestine & Syria
-- Hyksos conquer Egypt by 1630 BC
-- Rule lasts for 100 years

19. NEW KINGDOM

20. HATSHEPSUT
 First woman pharaoh
 Ruled with stepson
Thutmose III
 Sole ruler by 1472 BC

21. GROWTH OF TRADE
 Hatshepsut uses
trade to grow the
empire
 Traded with an African
land called Punt
 Brought herbs,
spices, scented wood,
live monkeys and
trees used to make
incense back to Egypt

22. LEGACY OF HATSHEPSUT
 Erected many obelisks as an homage to
herself
 Ruled for 15 years
 Perhaps killed by her stepson

23. REFORMING PHARAOH: AKHENATON
 Akhenaton becomes
pharaoh in 1353 BC
 Raises the sun god Aton to
be “top god”
 Priests that served other
gods lost power
 Art during this time become
more realistic

24. REFORM ENDS
 Tutankhamen becomes
pharaoh in 1333 BC
 His advisers convinced him
to worship the old gods

25. POWERFUL PHARAOH: RAMSES II
 Ruled for 66 years
 Expanded empire through
war
 Expanded into Nubia
 Defeated the Hittites and
signed a peace treaty

26. RAMSES HONORS HIMSELF
 Built a city called Pi-Ramses
 At Abu-Simbel, built a temple
with two 66-foot statues of
himself
 What was Egypt like during
the rule of Ramses?

27. EGYPT’S DECLINE
 After death of Ramses, the Egyptian empire
weakened
 Ruled by foreign powers for the next 1,000 years,
including Greek rule for 300 years