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Waves in Action
WAVES
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
 
Types of Wave ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Waves travel in two different ways.
Transverse waves  are when the displacement is at  right angles  to the direction of the wave… Longitudinal waves  are when the displacement is  parallel   to the direction of the wave…
wave machine
[object Object]
Water Waves
Some definitions… Amplitude   (A) Wavelength (  )   distance from equilibrium to crest this is the distance between two corresponding points (crest to crest) Displacement   (x)  distance from equilibrium to to any point x A A Crest Trough
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
If 20 waves pass you in one minute, what is the period of the wave? 20 waves = 60 s 1 wave =3 s T= 3s Calculate the frequency of the wave.
 
 
Wave Equation λ
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sound waves ,[object Object],link to  phet  sound
How does ultrasound work? Ultrasonic waves are partly reflected at the boundary as they pass from one medium to another.  The time taken for these reflections can be used to measure the depth of the reflecting surface. This information is used to build up a picture of the object. Ultrasound is the region of sound above 20,000Hz – it can’t be heard by humans.  It can be used in pre-natal scanning:
Other uses of ultrasound 1)  Echo sounding The ultrasound is reflected from the  sea floor. 2)  Breaking down kidney stones Ultrasonic waves break kidney stones into much smaller pieces 3)  Cleaning (including teeth) Ultrasound causes dirt to vibrate off without damaging the object
SOUND   Sound is produced by things vibrating. Sound travels in longitudinal waves through the air (or other medium)
You can hear sound in the range of approximately   20 Hz  to  20,000 Hz .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
compression rarefaction wavelength
Drawing a Sound Wave ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
pressure position This is a snapshot of the whole wave at one time
pressure time This is a movie of the pressure at one place microphone
 
DataStudio  (2)
High frequency Low frequency
Electromagnetic Waves ,[object Object]
 
 
Reflection Pulses fixed end
Reflection of Pulses free end
Refraction of Pulses fast to slow
Refraction of Pulses slow to fast
Wave Reflection
Reflection of Waves
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refraction
 
DEEP SHALLOW SHALLOW DEEP
 
Gradual Wave Refraction
Interference
[object Object],K:HYSICSOWER POINT & VIDEOS Light & Wavesound
[object Object]
Diffraction When waves pass through a narrow gap they  spread out or……… Diffract . The  amount  of diffraction depends on the  size of the gap  compared with the size of the  wavelength Link to Diffraction animation The  smaller  the gap, the  more  diffraction The  bigger  the wavelength, the  more  diffraction
 
 
Why can you pick up radio signals better than TV? TV waves are high frequency, short wavelength.
Radio waves are low frequency, long wavelength. Long wavelengths diffract more
Wave Interference
link to ripple tank ,[object Object]
Interference  of Light When light shines through a double slit interference occurs:
[object Object]
in phase This produces a big wave   (constructive interference)   when the  path difference  is  the waves arrive
when the  path difference  is  the waves arrive   out of phase This produces  no wave   (destructive interference)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
This is what you see in the ripple tank ,[object Object]
And this is why…. http:// www.schulphysik.de/suren/Applets.html
[object Object],Young’s Equation
[object Object],x λ θ L d
[object Object]
[object Object]

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Waves