watch on youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jITLRiDkXQE Presentation given at the "Global and European Studies Institute - Universität Leipzig" as part of the seminar "Regional Powers: Fundamentals, Strategies, Theories"

1. Regional Powers
Global and European Studies Institute
University of Leipzig
Cora Wu | Moritz Hessler

2. Agenda Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Regional Leading Powers | Moritz
Definition and profile of a regional power?
Challenges of Cooperative Hegemony | Cora
Why chosing cooperative hegemony?
Discussion | All
Questions
Find this presentation on youtube
Regional_Power_HesslerWu
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 2

3. Regionalization Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Regionalization increases
USA also regional leading
in importance as multilevel
power, projecting regional
subsystem to traditional
weight to global sphere
global power hierarchies
--> increasing likelihood of
conflicts about regional
leadership --> China &
India
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 3

4. Regionalization Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Regionalization increases
USA also regional leading
in importance as multilevel
power, projecting regional
subsystem to traditional
weight to global sphere
global power hierarchies
--> increasing likelihood of
What qualifies a conflicts about regional
country to become leadership --> China &
regional leader? India
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 3

5. Regionalization Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
What does it imply
Regionalization increases for the state itself as USA also regional leading
in importance as multilevel well as other states power, projecting regional
subsystem to traditional
and actors? weight to global sphere
global power hierarchies
--> increasing likelihood of
What qualifies a conflicts about regional
country to become leadership --> China &
regional leader? India
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 3

6. Regionalization Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
What does it imply
Regionalization increases for the state itself as USA also regional leading
in importance as multilevel well as other states power, projecting regional
subsystem to traditional
and actors? weight to global sphere
global power hierarchies
--> increasing likelihood of
What qualifies a conflicts about regional What does regional
country to become leadership --> China & leadership mean in
regional leader? India the global arena?
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 3

7. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 4

8. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
geographically, economically, political self-perception
delimitation should be widely accepted within and beyond region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 5

9. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
certain self-conception, aim for rule making
avoid foreign interference, try to keep other regions divided
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 6

10. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
in geopolitical delimitation & political-ideational construction of region
agenda setter on activities and outcomes of the region
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 7

11. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
regional leadership = cooperative hegemony --> towards regional institutions
precondition: power aggregation, power sharing, committment capacities
advantages of scale, diffusion of political ideas, min. likelyhood of oppositional alliances
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 8

12. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
part of power transition theory --> stabilizing its own region
guarantee that cooperation is more profitable than conflict --> platforms, public goods
avoid regional competitors
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 9

13. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
material (military, economic, demographic), organizational (political), ideological
crucial element to project power into the region
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 10

14. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
economic, political, and cultural
hard resources and coercion not sufficient to reign --> soft resources & relations
partly opposes anchor country concept
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 11

15. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
by fellow states, other regional leading powers, and the global hegemon as leader and
representative for the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 12

16. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
region used for global goals, global activity to protect regional cooperative hegemony
niche-specialization, multilateral-cooperative approach
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 13

17. Definition & Implications Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Delineated Region
Claim its role as only regional leading power
Power over outcomes
Regional Governance
Defines and takes responsibility for the regional security agenda
Power over resources
Interlinkage with the region
Commonly accepted within and beyond the region
Strives for an increased global weight
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 14

18. Two assumptions Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
GIGA assumes that all the countries behave
rationally
Only Brazil, China, India, Iran, Japan, and South
Africa are considered as regional powers
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 15

19. GIGA says that... Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
The most efficient approach for regional powers is
cooperative hegemony (which means to act as noncoercive
hegemons and leaders)
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 16

20. Modes of regional power Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Destradi Knorr Pedersen Nye
Categories Hard
and Hegemony
Terminology Hard
used by Power
different Intermediate Reward
scholars Hegemony Power
Soft Cooperative Soft
Hegemony Hegemony Power
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 17

21. Modes of regional power Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Destradi Knorr Pedersen Nye
Categories Hard
and Hegemony
Terminology Hard
used by Power
different Intermediate Reward
scholars Hegemony Power
Soft Cooperative Soft
Hegemony Hegemony Power
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 17

22. Modes of regional power Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Destradi Knorr Pedersen Nye
Categories Hard
and Hegemony
Terminology Hard
used by Power
different Intermediate Reward
scholars Hegemony Power
Soft Cooperative Soft
Hegemony Hegemony Power
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 17

23. Modes of regional power Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Destradi Knorr Pedersen Nye
Categories Hard
and Hegemony
Terminology Hard
used by Power
different Intermediate Reward
scholars Hegemony Power
Soft Cooperative Soft
Hegemony Hegemony Power
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 17

24. Modes of regional power Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Destradi Knorr Pedersen Nye
Categories Hard
and Hegemony
Terminology Hard
used by Power
different Intermediate Reward
scholars Hegemony Power
Soft Cooperative Soft
Hegemony Hegemony Power
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 17

25. Cooperative Hegemony Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
What is cooperative hegemony?
What are the difficult tasks of cooperative hegemony?
Why should these regional leaders choose to become cooperative
hegemony but not other types of hegemony?
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 18

26. Cooperative Hegemony Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
What is cooperative hegemony?
Destradi – hegemons pay efforts to change the norms or values of
subordinates.
Nye – get others to want the outcomes that you want – co-opts people
rather than coerces them.
Gramscian – do not use coercion but rather cooperation and subtle
means in order to realize their preferences and make others comply.
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 19

27. Cooperative Hegemony Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
What are the difficult tasks of cooperative hegemony?
To gain the followership of their neighbors.
To include their neighbors’ interests in their policies and provide
incentives to them.
The policies and systems of the potential hegemon need to be
recognized as role models by its neighbors
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 20

28. Cooperative Hegemony Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
Why should these regional leaders choose to become cooperative
hegemony but not other types of hegemony?
GIGA: a de facto regional power needs “not only sufficient power
resources but also soft skills in leadership”
Constructivism: the most effective leadership is when subordinates
accept and internalize “the leader’s concepts of hegemony and the
leader’s vision of international order”
Realism: regional powers’ lack of full power like other great powers
results in cooperative behavior
=> Regional powers, “by acting as cooperative hegemons, they
restructure their (regionally limited) systems and create an environment
highly favorable to interstate cooperation”
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 21

29. Questions Regional Leading Powers | Cooperative Hegemony | Questions
How do you assess the claim of both
Who would you consider to be a regional India and China to be a regional leading
great leading power? power in an overlapping geographical
area?
What are the differences between How is the regional leading power in Europe? Ist there
regional leading powers and only one?
regional hegemons?
Präsentation: Hessler ©, Wu | Leipzig, May 2011 22

30. Thank you!
Global and European Studies Institute
University of Leipzig
Cora Wu | Moritz Hessler ©