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Causes of stress

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The Ministry of education
The Ministry of education
Gesundheit & Medizin
1 von 105
STRESS IS A PERSON’S PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO CHANGE.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRESS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WHAT CAUSES STRESS ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. DEATH OF A SPOUSE 2. DIVORCE 3. MARITAL SEPARATION 4. IMPRISONMENT 5. DEATH OF A CLOSE RELATIVE 6. PERSONAL INJURY OR ILLNESS 7. MARRIAGE 8. FIRED FROM A JOB 9. MARITAL RECONCILIATION 10. RETIREMENT 11. ILLNESS OF A RELATIVE 12. PREGNANCY 13. SEXUAL PROBLEMS 14. BIRTH OR ADOPTION 15. BUSINESS READJUSTMENT Continued…
16. Change in financial status 17. Death of a close friend 18. Change to different work 19. Increased arguments with spouse 20. Mortgage or loan for major purchase 21. Foreclosure on mortgage or loan 22. Change in job responsibilities 23. Child leaving home 24. Problems with in-laws 25. Outstanding personal achievement 26. Spouse begins or stops work 27. Begin or end school 28. Change in living conditions 29. Changing personal habits 30. Problems with your boss Continued…
31. CHANGE IN WORK 32. HOURS/CONDITIONS 33. CHANGE IN RESIDENCE OR SCHOOL RECREATION 34. CHURCH OR SOCIAL ACTIVITIES 35. MORTGAGE OR LOAN 36. CHANGE IN SLEEPING HABITS 37. CHANGE IN FAMILY GATHERINGS 38. CHANGE IN EATING HABITS 39. VACATION 40. ANY FESTIVALS 41. MINOR LAW VIOLATION
PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR STRESS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SYMPTOMS OF STRESS ,[object Object],[object Object]
BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS-2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS-3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical signs and symptoms of stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emotional signs and symptoms of stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cognitive/Perceptual Signs and Symptoms of Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Behavioral Signs and Symptoms of Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Signs of Stress in The Workplace ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Jobs and stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demands of the task  ,[object Object]
Responsibility for people's lives ,[object Object]
Stress can result from other aspects of jobs: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stress can result from other aspects of jobs: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stress can result from other aspects of jobs: ,[object Object]
Retirement ,[object Object]
Life transitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Langer and Rodin (1976) ,[object Object]
Langer and Rodin (1976) ,[object Object]
Langer and Rodin (1976) ,[object Object]
Commentary ,[object Object]
Commentary ,[object Object]
Commentary ,[object Object]
Sources within the person ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sources within the person ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sources within the person ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sources in the family ,[object Object]
An addition to the family ,[object Object],[object Object]
An addition to the family ,[object Object]
An addition to the family ,[object Object]
Family illness, disability, and death ,[object Object]
Family illness, disability, and death ,[object Object],[object Object]
Family illness, disability, and death ,[object Object]
Family illness, disability, and death ,[object Object]
Child abuse ,[object Object]
Child abuse ,[object Object]
Environmental stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Environmental stress ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stressors and stress response ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stressors and stress response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lundberg (1976) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Post - traumatic stress disorder and 'The Herald of Free Enterprise'. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Ambiguity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Role ambiguity ,[object Object]
Harm ambiguity ,[object Object]
Controllability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Controllability ,[object Object],[object Object]
Link between stress and arousal
 
OUR BODY’S REACTION TO STRESS (GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME (GAS)) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ALARM REACTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RESISTANCE OR ADAPTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXHAUSTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Severe Exhaustion Stage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 9.1 The General Adaptation System
Evaluation of GAS ,[object Object]
Evaluation of GAS ,[object Object]
Evaluation of GAS ,[object Object]
Lazarus’s Cognitive Theory G. A. S. Healthy Adaptation or Illness Stressor Appraisal Selye assumed that stress depended only on the intensity of the stressor. Lazarus proposed that a mental process determines whether stress occurs.
Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory Stressor Primary Appraisal: Is Stressor Negative? Can be negative if it involves harm or loss, threat, or challenge (chance to grow). Secondary Appraisal: Can I Control the Situation? If coping resources are adequate, then consider options: problem-focused or emotion-focused coping strategies. Yes No No Stress
Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Stress Response
Cognitive appraisal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cognitive appraisal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Harm-loss ,[object Object]
Threat ,[object Object]
Challenge ,[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object]
Primary appraisal ,[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary appraisal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary appraisal ,[object Object]
Eustress and Distress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individual Differences and Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Type a/type b (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Type a/type b (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Type a/type b (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) ,[object Object]
Type a/type b (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) ,[object Object]
Type a/type b (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Type a/type b (Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Suzanne Kobasa (1979) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Suzanne Kobasa (1979) ,[object Object]
Suzanne Kobasa (1979) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 9.2 Causes and Consequences of Stress
Common Causes of Stress: Organizational Stressors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Figure 9.3 Workload, Stress, and Performance
Common Causes of Stress: Organizational Stressors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consequences of Stress: Individual Consequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consequences of Stress: Organizational Consequences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consequences of Stress: Burnout ,[object Object],[object Object]
The end

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Causes of stress

  • 1. STRESS IS A PERSON’S PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO CHANGE.
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  • 4. 1. DEATH OF A SPOUSE 2. DIVORCE 3. MARITAL SEPARATION 4. IMPRISONMENT 5. DEATH OF A CLOSE RELATIVE 6. PERSONAL INJURY OR ILLNESS 7. MARRIAGE 8. FIRED FROM A JOB 9. MARITAL RECONCILIATION 10. RETIREMENT 11. ILLNESS OF A RELATIVE 12. PREGNANCY 13. SEXUAL PROBLEMS 14. BIRTH OR ADOPTION 15. BUSINESS READJUSTMENT Continued…
  • 5. 16. Change in financial status 17. Death of a close friend 18. Change to different work 19. Increased arguments with spouse 20. Mortgage or loan for major purchase 21. Foreclosure on mortgage or loan 22. Change in job responsibilities 23. Child leaving home 24. Problems with in-laws 25. Outstanding personal achievement 26. Spouse begins or stops work 27. Begin or end school 28. Change in living conditions 29. Changing personal habits 30. Problems with your boss Continued…
  • 6. 31. CHANGE IN WORK 32. HOURS/CONDITIONS 33. CHANGE IN RESIDENCE OR SCHOOL RECREATION 34. CHURCH OR SOCIAL ACTIVITIES 35. MORTGAGE OR LOAN 36. CHANGE IN SLEEPING HABITS 37. CHANGE IN FAMILY GATHERINGS 38. CHANGE IN EATING HABITS 39. VACATION 40. ANY FESTIVALS 41. MINOR LAW VIOLATION
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  • 59. Link between stress and arousal
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  • 66. Figure 9.1 The General Adaptation System
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  • 70. Lazarus’s Cognitive Theory G. A. S. Healthy Adaptation or Illness Stressor Appraisal Selye assumed that stress depended only on the intensity of the stressor. Lazarus proposed that a mental process determines whether stress occurs.
  • 71. Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory Stressor Primary Appraisal: Is Stressor Negative? Can be negative if it involves harm or loss, threat, or challenge (chance to grow). Secondary Appraisal: Can I Control the Situation? If coping resources are adequate, then consider options: problem-focused or emotion-focused coping strategies. Yes No No Stress
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  • 98. Figure 9.2 Causes and Consequences of Stress
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  • 100. Figure 9.3 Workload, Stress, and Performance
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