The document discusses the present perfect tense and how it is used to look back from the present to the past. The present perfect tense can be used to look back on recent past events using words like "just", "already", or "yet". It can also be used to refer to more distant past events using words like "ever" or "never". Some examples are provided to illustrate how the present perfect tense expresses actions that started in the past and have relevance in the present.

1. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We use the present perfect when we want to look back
from the present to the past.
We can use it to look back on the recent past.
I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
They have cancelled the flight.
She's taken my bike. I haven’t got one now.
The sales manager has doubled my wages.
When we look back on the recent past, we often use the
words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives and
questions only).
We've already decided about that.
She hasn't eaten yet.
I've just opened the present.
They've already seen each other.
They don't know the answer yet.

2. Have you spoken to your sister-in-law yet?
Have they given it back to you yet?
It can also be used to look back on the more distant past.
We've been to Paris a lot over the last two years.
She's done this type of embroidery many times before.
We've requested them closing the bank account at least twice
in a year.
They've often offered her advice about it in the past.
When we look back on the more distant past, we often use
the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.
Have you ever been to Japan?
Has she ever proposed anything to you?
I've never met George Clooney.
They've never taken into account his opinion.
Practice makes perfect!