1. The War of 1812 and its affects
By. Manuel Jimenez

2. Lead ups to the war…
 The United States declared war on Britain for various reasons, however
an unstated but strong motivation for the Americans was to uphold
national honor in the face of what they considered to be British insults.
(including the Chesapeake affair)
 In 1807, Britain introduced a series of trade restrictions via a series of
Orders in Council to stop American trade with France, with which Britain
was at war. The U.S found these restrictions illegal under international
law.
 American expansionism into the northwest territory was being
obstructed by native leaders , who were supplied and encouraged by
the British.
 The British Navy needed good sailors so they started to take back all
the well trained British born American sailors (Impressment)

3. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
 The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was a naval battle which occurred of the
coast of Virginia between the British Warship HMS Leopard and the American
frigate USS Chesapeake. The Leopard was looking for any deserters of the
British navy. The Chesapeake surrendered after firing one shot because they
were unprepared for the sudden attack. 4 crew members were taken from the
American frigate, one of whom was executed aboard the Leopard. The frigate
was then allowed to leave, but upon return her captain James Barron was relived
of duty. This even triggered an outcry of rage and anger from the American
people.

4. Theaters of the War
 1 Atlantic Ocean
-The American fleet was outnumbered by the thousands
against the British, Britain's main strategy was to
protect their merchant ships
 2 Great lakes and Canadian frontier
America believed it would be simple and they would
face little opposition. They were wrong
 Southern states
Main conflict was ―The Battle of New Orleans‖. Hailed
as a great American victory and propelled Andrew
Jackson to presidency

5. Peace and Negotiations
 By 1814, both sides had achieved their main war goals and were weary
of a costly war that offered little but stalemate. They both sent
delegations to a neutral site in Ghent, Belgium. The negotiations began
in early August and concluded on December 24, when a final agreement
was signed; both sides had to ratify it before it could take effect.
 Eventually American and British delegates signed the Treaty of Ghent
.The treaty ignored the grievances that led to war. American complaints
of Indian raids, impressments and blockades had ended when Britain's
war with France ended in 1814, and were not mentioned in the treaty.
Mobile and parts of western Florida were not mentioned in the treaty but
remained permanently in American possession, despite objections by
Spain.Thus, the war ended with no significant territorial losses for either
side.

6. Anna Prevost
 Anne was a daughter of General Sir George Prevost, Governor General of the British forces
in Canada. At seventeen she was a faithful journal keeper, and she made almost daily
entries during the time her father was prosecuting the war. In her entry of June 25, 1812 she
provides insight into how a young British subject in Canada would react to news of the
declaration of war:
 “I was summoned in the midst of my French lesson to hear some news that had
arrived. It was indeed an important piece of intelligence:–'America has declared
War against England.' The news had arrived by an Express to some of the
Quebec merchants. ...On this day I saw nothing before me but my Father's
honour and glory. Although I knew how small a force we had to defend the
Canadas, such was my confidence in his talents and fortune, that I did not feel
the slightest apprehension of any reverse. I thought those abominable Yankees
deserved a good drubbing for having dared to think of going to War with
England, and surely there was no harm in rejoicing that the War had happened
during my Father's Administration, because I thought he was the person best
calculated to inflict on the Yankees the punishment they deserved."

7. Analysis of diary entry
 As you saw this young lady feels very confident in her father and her
people in the conflict against the ―Yankees‖. She mentions how ―I
thought those abominable Yankees deserved a good drubbing for
having dared to think of going to War with England, and surely there
was no harm in rejoicing that the War had happened during my Father's
Administration…”, she seems to believe that her father , ―The General‖
is more then prepared for the war and will surely prevail. She even
admits that ―Although I knew how small a force we had to defend the
Canadas…”, but then she writes ―such was my confidence in his talents
and fortune, that I did not feel the slightest apprehension of any
reverse.” . She also seems to have a clear distain for the Americans
when she writes ―I thought those abominable Yankees deserved a good
drubbing for having dared to think of going to War with England”. This
brings me to wonder if most children of British military soldiers felt this
way.

8. John Norton
 he British and Canadian militia were aided at Queenston by the Mohawk
chief John Norton. Norton was born in Scotland to a Scotswoman and a
Cherokee Native who had joined the British army. While serving with
the British in Canada, John Norton deserted, became a trader and
eventually was drawn into the Six Nations of the Grand River
Iroquois. The Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant employed Norton as an
interpreter and eventually groomed him as his successor. His
knowledge of both British and Native ways, his military background, and
his natural charisma made him a powerful warrior. Norton, who had
been well educated in Scotland as a child, wrote an account of his
experiences in North America, including full reports of his participation
as a Native leader in major battles of the War of 1812.

9. Diary entry for John Norton
 Remembering the siege of Fort Erie, Norton writes:
 “As we began to move forward, we heard the firing commence at
Snake Hill. Hastening forward, through the Darkness of the night
& closeness of the Woods, we separated from a numerous
Division of our Men, which constrained us to check our speed at
a point of Rendezvous previously appointed, until they had
joined us. We were within a half mile of Fort Erie, when we
heard the cracking of musketry and the roar of cannon announce
the attack upon it. We then ran forward as fast as the woods and
darkness would permit, stumbling over logs and fallen trees. We
passed the reserve drawn up in a ravine, running against the fire
to the Glacis, as we arrived there, the explosion blew the broken
fragments of buildings and works in all directions, it appeared to
create a general confusion. We met the troops retiring from the
fort which they had gallantly entered. We saw none
advancing. Our own number was nothing when compared to the
host of foes which opposed us. After hesitating a little while, we
retired with others to the ravine, on the summit of which we
waited, until the whole of our troops had retired. The enemy did
not come out of his works, but continued firing round shot, grape
shells and musketry. We left them there and followed our

10. Analysis of Diary entry…
 John is writing upon his and his comrades entry
into the siege of Fort Erie. He describes the
chaos of the siege when he writes ― We were
within a half mile of Fort Erie, when we heard the
cracking of musketry and the roar of cannon
announce the attack upon it.”. I found it really
interesting that John was so ethnically diverse. It
really made me think about how people of
different ethnicities were part of the war.

11. Long term affects
 neither side lost territory in the war, nor did the treaty that
ended it address the original points of contention—and yet
it changed much between the United States of America
and Britain.
 The Rush–Bagot Treaty was a treaty between the United
States and Britain enacted in 1817 that provided for the
demilitarization of the Great Lakes and Lake
Champlain, where many British naval arrangements and
forts still remained. The treaty laid the basis for a
demilitarized boundary and was indicative of improving
relations between the United States and Great Britain in
the period following the War of 1812. It remains in effect to
this day.
 Border adjustments between the U.S. and British North
America were made in the Treaty of 1818. A border dispute
along the Maine–New Brunswick border was settled by the
1842Webster–Ashburton Treaty after the
bloodless Aroostook War, and the border in the Oregon
Territory was settled by splitting the disputed area in half

12. Some Americans had ambitions to take more territory. The "War
Hawks" - led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry
Clay of Kentucky - had their eyes on both Canada and Florida. If
would could gain these territories, they believed we would remove
European powers from American borders and open more land for
the "liberty-loving-Americans".

13. The British were actually instigating the Natives in Canada and the West
to go out and attack Americans who had settled those lands. Here you
see that the natives were told that they would be pain money if the
brought back the scalps of Americnas

14. Britain's seizure of American ships and the impressment of American
Sailors: Britain had continued to "hassle" American shipping during the
Napoleonic Wars. The British Navy would attack ships they felt were
trading with France and confiscate our cargo. Impressment - that was
when sailors on American ships would essentially be taken and forced into
the British Navy. The Brits claimed that these men used to be in the
navy, but had run away to join American ships for better pay and a less
dangerous life. However, not all of these kidnapped sailors were British -
many were Americans. As you can see from the picture, these encounters