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Presentation on GIS Application of

            GRASS
() ( Geographic Resource support
        Analysis System )
              Mayur Patil.(J-39)
          Sanket Bhatagalikar.(J-06)
          Aakash Surywanshi.(J-56)
             Umakant Thorat.(J-61)


                Guided By:
              Prof G. D. Bhutkar.

    VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
  (An Autonomous Institute affiliated to University of Pune)
                  PUNE – 411037
                      2011-2012
AGENDA
   INTRODUCTION

   HISTORY

   WHAT IS GRASS ?

   SERVICES PROVIDE BY GRASS

   HOW TO USE GRASS ?

   FEATURES

   SUPPORTS

   PRACTICAL USAGE

   REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
GRASS: GEOGRAPHIC RESOURCE ANALYSIS SUPPORT SYSTEM
 Developed since 1984, always Open Source, since 1999 under
       GNU General Public License
 Written in C programming language, portable code (32/64bit)
 International development team, since 2001 coordinated at ITC-irst,
 since 2008 at OSGeo.org
 Distributed as source code, precompiled binaries for various platforms,
       CDROM                                               MS-Windows


GNU/Linux                           Mac OSX




                                                                  iPAQ
INTRODUCTION(CONT…)
GRASS: Geographic Resources Analysis Support
System

   Free software GIS(“software libero”):
   GRASS master web site is in Italy:
   Portable: Versions for GNU/Linux, MS Windows, MAC OSX, SUN, etc.
   Programming Programmer's manual Web site(PDF,HTML) generated
    weekly.
   Code is documented in source code files(doxygen)
   Mailing list in various languages
   Sample Data
   Commercial Support
HISTORY
GRASS: more than 20 years of free GIS

        GRASS 1.0
                                        U.S. CERL (1984-1995)                       1989: civil Internet
1984           GRASS 4.1                                                            1994: first WWW
        1993          GRASS 4.2
                                                         1997 University of Baylor
                                   GRASS 4.2.1/4.3                1998 University of Hannover
                    1998
                                             GRASS 5.0                 GRASS Development Team
                            1999
                                                                            (1997- today)
                                         2000
 G                                                                                             2001 ITC-irst
 R                                                                      GRASS 5.1/5.7
                                                     2001
 A                           O
 S                           p
 S                           e                                                                   GRASS 6.0
  I                          n                                               2005
 n                           G
  t                          R
  e                          A
  r                          S                        Open
  a                          S                         GIS
 g
 1990                      1992              1994     Open               1997                      2004
  e                                                   Geosp
 n                           F                         atial
  c                          o
  y                          u                       Conso
 S                           n                        rtium
  t                          d                       (OGC)
GRASS USERS STATISTICS
   GRASS 6


                         GRASS 6.2.0 release
                            31 Oct 2006
WHAT IS GRASS GIS ?

   Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
    GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data
    management, image processing, graphics production, spatial modeling, and
    visualization of many types of data. It is Free (Libre) Software/Open Source
    released under GNU General Public License (GPL) >= V2. GRASS GIS is official
    project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation.

   The new GRASS 6 release introduces a new topological 2D/3D vector engine and
    support for vector network analysis. Attributes are now managed in a SQL-based
    DBMS. A new display manager has been implemented. The NVIZ visualization
    tool was enhanced to display 3D vector data and voxel volumes. Messages are
    partially translated (i18N) with support for Free Type fonts, including multi-byte
    Asian characters. New LOCATIONs can be auto-generated by EPSG code
    number. GRASS is integrated with GDAL/OGR libraries to support an extensive
    range of raster and vector formats, including OGC-conformal Simple Features.
SOME THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT
GRASS
• Import of data: GRASS always import the complete map
● Export of data:
● Vector maps: always the entire map is exported (cut before if needed)
● Raster maps: r.out.gdal always exports entire map at original resolution
r.out.tiff (etc.) export at current region and resolution
What's a region in GRASS?
● The default region is the standard settings of a GRASS location which is
essentially independent from any map
● A region is the current working area (user selected resolution and coordinate
boundaries)
● All vector calculations are done at full vector map
● All raster calculations are done at current resolution/region. To do calculations
at original raster map resolution/region, the easiest way is to
use 'g.region' first to set
current region to map                                                  GRASS Mapset
(see next slides)
                                                               “northeast”
          GRASS Mapset
          “sardegna”
                                                                   GRASS Location
                                                                   “italy”
SERVICES PROVIDE BY GRASS

   Web Map Service (WMS1.3)
               Provides three operations protocols (GetCapabilities, GetMap, and
    GetFeatureInfo) in support of the creation and display of registered and
    superimposed map-like views of information that come simultaneously from
    multiple sources that are both remote and heterogeneous.

   Web Coverage Service (WCS)
               Extends the Web Map Server (WMS) interface to allow access to
    geospatial "coverages" that represent values or properties of geographic locations,
    rather than WMS generated maps (pictures).

   Web Feature Service (WFS)
               The purpose of the Web Feature Server Interface Specification (WFS)
    is to describe data manipulation operations on OpenGIS® Simple Features
    (feature instances) such that servers and clients can 'communicate' at the feature
    level.

   Web Map Context Documents (WMC)
               Create, store, and use "state" information from a WMS based client
    application
HOW TO USE GRASS ?
•GRASS supports raster and vector data in
two and three dimensions

•The vector data model is topological,
meaning that areas
are defined by boundaries and centroids;
boundaries cannot overlap within a single
layer

•GRASS is designed as an environment in
which tools that perform specific GIS
computations are executed

• GRASS user is presented with a UNIX
shell containing a modified environment
that supports the execution of GRASS
commands (known as modules)
GUI OF GRASS
Grass
GRASS GIS: NEW GUI – PYTHON BASED
SUPPORTS


• fully integrated 350+ modules
• add-ons managed on wiki

• raster: map algebra, DEM analysis, flow, buffers, solar,
• image: rectification, multispectral, reclassification
• vector: buffers, overlays, networks,
• DBMS: attribute management, SQL
• transformations: projections, raster-vector, interpolation
• visualization: 2D, 3D visualization, ps maps
• WMS support, Google earth through v.out.ogr
SUPPORTS(CONT...)
 Supported Spatial Data Types
  2D Raster data incl. image processing
  3D Voxel data for volumetric data

  2D/3D Vector data with topology
  Multidimensional points data

                                               Distances




Orthophoto



                           Vector TIN     3D Vector buildings
SUPPORTS(CONT…)
GPS support, Printing Editor ...
FEATURES

    GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a raster/vector GIS,
    image processing system, and graphics production system. It’s features are:

   GRASS contains over 350 programs and tools to render maps and images on
    monitor and paper.

   Manipulate raster, vector, and sites data.

   Process multi spectral image data; and create, manage, and store spatial data.

   GRASS uses both an intuitive windows interface as well as command line syntax
    for ease of operations.

   GRASS can interface with commercial printers, plotters, digitizers, and databases
    to develop new data as well as manage existing data.
GRASS features
Flood simulation Trento 1966




Piazza
Duomo
GRASS: Person walking distance 10 minutes




                                            0
                                            1
                                            2
                                            3
                                            4
                                            5
                                            6
                                            7
                                            8
                                            9
                                            1m
                                            0 i
                                              n
GRASS: Person walking distance 30 minutes




                                            0
                                            3
                                            6
                                            9
                                            1
                                            2
                                            1
                                            5
                                            1
                                            8
                                            2
                                            1
                                            2
                                            4
                                            2
                                            7
                                            3m
                                            0 i
                                              n
PRACTICAL GIS USAGE


Start a “terminal”
to enter commands

Start GRASS 6 within
the terminal:
grass61 help
grass61 gui
GRASS GIS Interoperability
Data models and sources


  Ra st e r        Ve ct or        CAD   W e b GIS
  GeoTIFF          DGN             DXF   Web   Map Serv ice (WMS)
  Erd as IMG       ESRI-SHAPE      DWG   Web   Cov erag e Serv ice (WCS)
  MrSID            GML             ...   Web   Feat u re Serv ice (WFS)
  ECW              Sp at ial SQL         Web   Map Con t ex t Docu m en t s (WMC)
  JPEG2 0 0 0      ...


                                                               UMN
     GDAL            OGR             openDWG
                                                              MapServer




                    GRASS
                                                                 PROJ.4
WebGIS: Integration of data sources
GRASS in the Web

Real-time monitoring of Earthquakes (provided in Web by USGS)
with GRASS/PHP: http://grass.itc.it/spearfish/php_grass_earthquakes.php
References:
•http://next.ohloh.net/projects/3666

•http://grass.osgeo.org/wiki/WxPython-based_GUI_for_GRASS

•http://grass.it

•http://gmane.org

•www.mpasol.it

•http://www.sitemeter.com/?a=stats&s=s24grassgis

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Grass

  • 1. Presentation on GIS Application of GRASS () ( Geographic Resource support Analysis System ) Mayur Patil.(J-39) Sanket Bhatagalikar.(J-06) Aakash Surywanshi.(J-56) Umakant Thorat.(J-61) Guided By: Prof G. D. Bhutkar. VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institute affiliated to University of Pune) PUNE – 411037 2011-2012
  • 2. AGENDA  INTRODUCTION  HISTORY  WHAT IS GRASS ?  SERVICES PROVIDE BY GRASS  HOW TO USE GRASS ?  FEATURES  SUPPORTS  PRACTICAL USAGE  REFERENCES
  • 3. INTRODUCTION GRASS: GEOGRAPHIC RESOURCE ANALYSIS SUPPORT SYSTEM Developed since 1984, always Open Source, since 1999 under GNU General Public License Written in C programming language, portable code (32/64bit) International development team, since 2001 coordinated at ITC-irst, since 2008 at OSGeo.org Distributed as source code, precompiled binaries for various platforms, CDROM MS-Windows GNU/Linux Mac OSX iPAQ
  • 4. INTRODUCTION(CONT…) GRASS: Geographic Resources Analysis Support System  Free software GIS(“software libero”):  GRASS master web site is in Italy:  Portable: Versions for GNU/Linux, MS Windows, MAC OSX, SUN, etc.  Programming Programmer's manual Web site(PDF,HTML) generated weekly.  Code is documented in source code files(doxygen)  Mailing list in various languages  Sample Data  Commercial Support
  • 5. HISTORY GRASS: more than 20 years of free GIS GRASS 1.0 U.S. CERL (1984-1995) 1989: civil Internet 1984 GRASS 4.1 1994: first WWW 1993 GRASS 4.2 1997 University of Baylor GRASS 4.2.1/4.3 1998 University of Hannover 1998 GRASS 5.0 GRASS Development Team 1999 (1997- today) 2000 G 2001 ITC-irst R GRASS 5.1/5.7 2001 A O S p S e GRASS 6.0 I n 2005 n G t R e A r S Open a S GIS g 1990 1992 1994 Open 1997 2004 e Geosp n F atial c o y u Conso S n rtium t d (OGC)
  • 6. GRASS USERS STATISTICS GRASS 6 GRASS 6.2.0 release 31 Oct 2006
  • 7. WHAT IS GRASS GIS ?  Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data management, image processing, graphics production, spatial modeling, and visualization of many types of data. It is Free (Libre) Software/Open Source released under GNU General Public License (GPL) >= V2. GRASS GIS is official project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation.  The new GRASS 6 release introduces a new topological 2D/3D vector engine and support for vector network analysis. Attributes are now managed in a SQL-based DBMS. A new display manager has been implemented. The NVIZ visualization tool was enhanced to display 3D vector data and voxel volumes. Messages are partially translated (i18N) with support for Free Type fonts, including multi-byte Asian characters. New LOCATIONs can be auto-generated by EPSG code number. GRASS is integrated with GDAL/OGR libraries to support an extensive range of raster and vector formats, including OGC-conformal Simple Features.
  • 8. SOME THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT GRASS • Import of data: GRASS always import the complete map ● Export of data: ● Vector maps: always the entire map is exported (cut before if needed) ● Raster maps: r.out.gdal always exports entire map at original resolution r.out.tiff (etc.) export at current region and resolution What's a region in GRASS? ● The default region is the standard settings of a GRASS location which is essentially independent from any map ● A region is the current working area (user selected resolution and coordinate boundaries) ● All vector calculations are done at full vector map ● All raster calculations are done at current resolution/region. To do calculations at original raster map resolution/region, the easiest way is to use 'g.region' first to set current region to map GRASS Mapset (see next slides) “northeast” GRASS Mapset “sardegna” GRASS Location “italy”
  • 9. SERVICES PROVIDE BY GRASS  Web Map Service (WMS1.3) Provides three operations protocols (GetCapabilities, GetMap, and GetFeatureInfo) in support of the creation and display of registered and superimposed map-like views of information that come simultaneously from multiple sources that are both remote and heterogeneous.  Web Coverage Service (WCS) Extends the Web Map Server (WMS) interface to allow access to geospatial "coverages" that represent values or properties of geographic locations, rather than WMS generated maps (pictures).  Web Feature Service (WFS) The purpose of the Web Feature Server Interface Specification (WFS) is to describe data manipulation operations on OpenGIS® Simple Features (feature instances) such that servers and clients can 'communicate' at the feature level.  Web Map Context Documents (WMC) Create, store, and use "state" information from a WMS based client application
  • 10. HOW TO USE GRASS ? •GRASS supports raster and vector data in two and three dimensions •The vector data model is topological, meaning that areas are defined by boundaries and centroids; boundaries cannot overlap within a single layer •GRASS is designed as an environment in which tools that perform specific GIS computations are executed • GRASS user is presented with a UNIX shell containing a modified environment that supports the execution of GRASS commands (known as modules)
  • 13. GRASS GIS: NEW GUI – PYTHON BASED
  • 14. SUPPORTS • fully integrated 350+ modules • add-ons managed on wiki • raster: map algebra, DEM analysis, flow, buffers, solar, • image: rectification, multispectral, reclassification • vector: buffers, overlays, networks, • DBMS: attribute management, SQL • transformations: projections, raster-vector, interpolation • visualization: 2D, 3D visualization, ps maps • WMS support, Google earth through v.out.ogr
  • 15. SUPPORTS(CONT...) Supported Spatial Data Types 2D Raster data incl. image processing 3D Voxel data for volumetric data 2D/3D Vector data with topology Multidimensional points data Distances Orthophoto Vector TIN 3D Vector buildings
  • 17. FEATURES GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a raster/vector GIS, image processing system, and graphics production system. It’s features are:  GRASS contains over 350 programs and tools to render maps and images on monitor and paper.  Manipulate raster, vector, and sites data.  Process multi spectral image data; and create, manage, and store spatial data.  GRASS uses both an intuitive windows interface as well as command line syntax for ease of operations.  GRASS can interface with commercial printers, plotters, digitizers, and databases to develop new data as well as manage existing data.
  • 18. GRASS features Flood simulation Trento 1966 Piazza Duomo
  • 19. GRASS: Person walking distance 10 minutes 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1m 0 i n
  • 20. GRASS: Person walking distance 30 minutes 0 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4 2 7 3m 0 i n
  • 21. PRACTICAL GIS USAGE Start a “terminal” to enter commands Start GRASS 6 within the terminal: grass61 help grass61 gui
  • 22. GRASS GIS Interoperability Data models and sources Ra st e r Ve ct or CAD W e b GIS GeoTIFF DGN DXF Web Map Serv ice (WMS) Erd as IMG ESRI-SHAPE DWG Web Cov erag e Serv ice (WCS) MrSID GML ... Web Feat u re Serv ice (WFS) ECW Sp at ial SQL Web Map Con t ex t Docu m en t s (WMC) JPEG2 0 0 0 ... UMN GDAL OGR openDWG MapServer GRASS PROJ.4
  • 23. WebGIS: Integration of data sources GRASS in the Web Real-time monitoring of Earthquakes (provided in Web by USGS) with GRASS/PHP: http://grass.itc.it/spearfish/php_grass_earthquakes.php