THIS STUDY VISA ANALYZE THE PROCESS OF AGRICULTURAL Industrialization AFRICAN CONTINENT AND ITS IMPACT ON FAMILY FARMING IN THE analyzed CONCRETE IF PROSAVA PROJECT IN MOZAMBIQUE AND BIG LESSONS THAT CAN OBSERVE FROM THAT PROJECT

1. The challenges of family farming in the context of agro industrialization in Africa:
“Some lessons from ProSavana project in Mozambique”
Mauro Benedito Damião Chilaule
Candidate degree in Public Administration by the Higher Institute of International Relations
(Mozambique)
E-mail: chilaulemauro7@gmail.com
Contact: +258849414238
Maputo, August 2016

2. Abstract
The development of the agrarian sector in Africa has proved to be emerging as its alliance with
the industry by reason of the need to feed the continent and the rest of the world and promoting
inclusive growth within this new continental order (and why not global?) is inserted family
agriculture which guarantees the socioeconomic integration of most Africans especially the
countryside between women and youth, before this new paradigm becomes relevant betting on a
policy of agrarian development that includes the family agriculture. within this framework, the
study aims to examine the challenges of this sector in the context of agricultural industrialization
in Africa which sought to draw some lessons from Prosava project in Mozambique.
Keywords: Family Farming, Agricultural Industrialization, ProSavana
1. Introduction
Agriculture in Africa is a mechanism for financial inclusion of most of the population mainly
that is in rural areas because it is an activity that absorbs much of the labor-work African, but
this strategic sector of the economy has not been given due attention by African governments,
the private sector and even the own international cooperation partners considering this a risky
sector for large investments. In this vein, family farming, that practiced by different families in
Africa represents a significant percentage of the gross domestic product in different African
countries even facing major problems such as integration into markets, access to technology and
financing.
Today, Africa is a new paradigm, especially in the field of economy where we are witnessing an
increase in investments due to the enormous potential that the continent offers mainly of natural
resources which makes it drain much of these investments for this sector over others like the case
of agriculture. Because of the need to change this fact different governments, regional and
continental organizations has been concerned in recent times in moving forward with strategies
to leverage agriculture through technology and scientific knowledge and its integration with the
industry, this is an important turning point for the agriculture in Africa therefore can allow the
resolution of major problems such as malnutrition, food insecurity, hunger, poor agricultural
marketing and integration to international markets for the production and unemployment, but this
process can be challenging when you consider that its implementation could further weaken the
small family farm that has contributed as can the economy of Africa.

3. 2. Objectives:
As part of the overall objective of the African conference to take place in December this year in
Abuja led by the African Development Bank whose theme is "Feeding Africa: Towards agro
allied industrialization for Inclusive Growth," and reflecting this current trend of political and
economic leaders of the continent and a new global agenda to integrate the extensive African
arable land in that It has termed as Foreign Direct Investment. The purpose of this document is to
make a brief reflection on the challenges of family farming in the context of the implementation
of ProSavana in Mozambique analyzing the role of family farming in the country's economy and
its importance for people in rural and urban areas, identify the challenges faced by family
farmers face this new trend to allocate large investments for agriculture and its integration in
industry and international market and in the final analysis define strategies to move towards the
development of agriculture and industry as its dynamic factor with the inclusion of small family
farms.
In particular, the specific objectives are:
 Making a brief framework of agriculture in Africa
 Provide a brief description of the project ProSavana Mozambique
 Reflect around the main conflicting points involving different actors linked to ProSavana
 Propose strategies for inclusive agricultural and industrial development in the light of
lessons learned from the case of Mozambique.
2. Methodology
This study results from a qualitative consultation of various secondary sources (documents,
articles and reviews of various actors who directly or indirectly are connected to ProSavana) and
the author's personal reflections. Qualitative as to be effective for the analysis of specific
information relating to values, beliefs, behaviors, feelings and personal emotions in the analysis
of the sources used. By consulting these bibliographic data the goal is to develop a personal but
logical reasoning to allow provoke debate and discussion with the audience.
3. The African agriculture context
Much of African governments have not opted for policies that favor agriculture. As a result,
poverty levels remain high for decades. Food insecurity and the need for food aid are cyclical
due to various factors, such as adverse political ("not friends") to the sector, conflicts and war
displaced, effects of climate change and Africa the highest risk areas. African countries have the
worst human development indexes. The economic dependency mechanisms of long-lasting and
consolidated after independence, with alliances of diverse interests, do persist, essentially,
economic and social structures for decades (Mosca 2014).

4. There have been some initiatives to stimulate agricultural production in Africa. All of them are
based on agricultural modernization paradigm with increased capital in general maladaptive
relation to production systems and economic and social reproductive logic of recipients, local
producers, farmers.
These initiatives may fall within the scope of land scarcity scenarios and water in the long term
planet, with consequences on food prices. To these scenarios are true-the most affected would be
the poor countries and low-income populations, especially small farmers, to the detriment of
agribusiness value chains and buying / occupation of land phenomena already have serious
consequences in many parts the world (land grabbing). These initiatives are part of the food
system globalization in the world economy integrated in the international agribusiness through
multinational companies seeking to produce commodities in areas with comparative advantages,
especially land, labor, cheap labor, proximity to destinations of future major centers and
consumption of processed food products, in addition to the investment facilities and political and
social environment that ensures security of investment. Mozambique, in the African context,
occupies an advantageous position, which justifies be the third country after Ethiopia and Sudan,
the demand for land in Africa. It can be considered that there is an ongoing deepening of the
international division of labor that revitalizes the reproductive mechanisms of addiction and the
structural characteristics of poor economies (Mosca 2014).
These advanced data by that author, should serve as a guide for African governments are aware
of this new global phenomenon of search for arable land for agriculture with main focus on
Africa, because we can watch a trigger a series of conflicts between populations rural (dependent
on land for their survival) and large multinational companies who want to exploit the agricultural
potential of the continent. Accordingly, it will be the African political leadership know mediate
these conflicts safeguarding the national and at the same time to profit from external capital
inflows for development interests.
4. The ProSavana Project in Mozambique
The Mozambican agriculture is responsible for about 24.0% of GNP (2007), of US $ 8.1 billion,
and employs the majority of the economically active population. 2008 data indicate that at least
14.3 million (70% of total) of Mozambicans live in rural areas, of which 95.0% are dedicated to
agriculture, characterized almost entirely by family subsistence farming, with limited access to
inputs and resources, generating low levels of productivity. However, with around 36.0 million
hectares of arable land, only 5.7 million hectares are used by about 3.34 million small and
medium-sized farms with an average size of 1.5 hectares, called "farms". These farms
predominate crops of maize, sorghum and cassava, some vegetables and small livestock
(ProSavana-Tec, 2011).
In Mozambique, the main crops can be grouped into cash crops (sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, tea,
sunflower, copra, sesame, soy and cashew nuts); and food (maize, cassava, rice, sorghum, called

5. sorghum, peanuts, and cowpea beans and pigeon pea, called the cowpea beans and boer,
respectively). Only 29% of Mozambican farmers produce some surplus for the market, and the
levels of production and agricultural productivity are extremely low (ProSavana-Tec, 2011)..
It was based on these data identified and known to the Governments of Mozambique, Brazil and
Japan decided drew an agricultural sector development project in Mozambique in order to
reverse the current scenario faced by agriculture in the country. Accordingly zones were
identified agro ecological on all of Savannah Mozambican who is in the great area of the Nacala
development corridor
1
for the implementation of this major project that came to be called
ProSavana
2
. Then we propose to examine the guidelines of this major project, the conflicting
points and the major lessons that can be drawn starting this great project.
Designed as an Agricultural and Rural Development Programme for the Nacala Corridor in
Mozambique, ProSavana-JBM
3
aims to improve the competitiveness of the rural sector in the
region, both in terms of food security from the organization and increasing productivity context
of family farming, as the generation of exportable surpluses from the technical support for
agriculture-oriented agribusiness.
Specific objectives of the program:
 Strengthen the operational capacity and dissemination of technologies Zonal Centers
Northeast and Northwest IIAM;
 Evaluate socioeconomic conditions and develop methods and criteria for environmental
impact assessment resulting from the use of new technologies;
 Identify and assess the conditions of natural resources for the practice of agriculture in
the Nacala Corridor, and available technologies for sustainable use;
 Develop and provide efficient technological solutions for the agricultural crop and
livestock production; and
 Develop / validate, together with communities of producers, agricultural technologies in
selected demonstration units.
1
The Nacala Corridor extends along a rail, which runs from the port of Nacala in Nampula province, up
to two more districts north of Zambezia province and ends in Lichinga in Niassa province. It is the most
populated region of the country. With its fertile soils and their regular and plentiful, millions of peasants
rains work these lands to produce food for their families as well as to local and regional markets.
2
is one agribusiness project in large scale in northern Mozambique designed by the Brazilian government
with the private sector in collaboration with the japan
3
refers to triangular co-operation between Japan, Brazil and Mozambique

6. 4.1 Project description
The project is organized into five parts: the first three seek to create the institutional and
infrastructure conditions for the efficient conduct of regional agricultural research activities, and
building a knowledge base of natural resources, edaphoclimatic data and regional socio-
economy; while the latter two components will be focused on validation, development and
transfer of viable technologies for the region and its farmers.
Project components are the following:
 Component Strengthening the Institutional Infrastructure of Northeast and Northwest
Zonal Centers.
 Component Evaluation of Socioeconomic and Methods Development for Social and
Environmental Impact Assessment.
 Component Assessment of Agricultural Conditions of Natural Resources of the Nacala
Corridor region and Technologies Providing for their sustainable use.
 Component Support for Development Projects and Appropriate Farming Technology
Validation for the Nacala Corridor.
 Component Planning and Implementation of Demonstration Units.
In this topic we sought to bring to fore those which are the guidelines for the understanding of
this agrarian policy called ProSavana in order to facilitate understanding of the approach
presented in the study. Once known the ProSavana matter now meet with the desired which is to
address the challenges of family farming before this current trend of investing in Africa
developed turn agriculture into the market and rooted in agrarian industrialization strategy at this
point we aim cross a series of information collected from different sources in order to identify
the main barriers to the realization of this agrarian policy and thus exhibit the desired reflection.
6. The different notions of ProSavana: the conception of politics, conflicts and
possible solutions for a comprehensive agricultural development
The agrarian policy designed in ProSavana has generated antagonistic perceptions of their real
intention, not only within the many family farmers who are affected in the Nacala development
corridor region, but also in their own academic community and the proof is the fact in an article
published by Sayaka Funada Classen
4
which states that:
"Since its inception, the ProSavana program was not designed together
with the inhabitants of the region, neither was interested in meeting the local
needs. Instead, the project was conceived as a Japanese way and Brazil work
together to achieve a UN reform, participate in new global political and
economic structures, such as BRICS and G20, and jointly promote the extraction
4
Associate Professor, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.

7. and production of goods [...] . The program has been repeatedly publicized as the
main component of the Japanese international assistance (JICA 2012 b: 88). This
is especially important when approaching the 5th Tokyo International
Conference on African Development (TICAD 5th), a conference held every five
years in order to strengthen relations between African and Japanese governments.
Although JICA and the Japanese government promote ProSavana program as if
he had been successful, it was still not clear why they have this claim, given that
the program has not implemented on the ground, this way, it is very difficult
understand what really is the ProSavana Program. What is your main objective?
Even for those who can read documents in Japanese and is trained in policy
analysis, it is difficult to see what is finally the project. It is even more difficult to
know who has responsibility for what. And the planning of activities remains
unclear because of the lack of information and a constant exchange of arguments,
justifications and focus".
This finding of the author allows us to realize that this global trend to look at Africa as a major or
main destination for the development of food industry and a high yield agriculture by increasing
the agricultural sector must be a strong attention from the African political leadership in order to
have the ability to track these dynamics with strategies to an inclusive and peaceful agricultural
development while safeguarding national interests and small producers coming in family farming
a way to participate actively in the economy, it is imperative that African States to ensure the
integration of family farming in the whole process involving the introduction of technology and
scientific research, agricultural marketing and maintenance of the habits and customs in terms of
agricultural production and their association with cash crops aimed at the export through
properly regulated economic policies to ensure the survival of family farming.
6.1 The positioning of the Peasants and civil society in relation to ProSavana
The Nacala corridor region is exploited by small family farmers composed of men and women of
which we also have many young people, because, despite being a subsistence and traditional
model agricultural production of the region allows you to use a lot of hand labor and ensure food
supplies in rural and urban areas of the region of Mozambique. When it announced the intention
to proceed with the ProSavana project by the governments of Mozambique, Japan and Brazil,
civil society organizations and jointly peasants reacted opposing the project, as can be seen in
statements quoted UNAC
5
an article published in Brazil newspaper November 29, 2012:
"The ProSavana is a result of the coming political top to the bottom and does not take into
account the demands, dreams and basic concerns of farmers. UNAC warns that the project It will
give rise to landless communities, generate social unrest, poverty, corruption and environmental
destruction. For UNAC, whether to invest in the Nacala Corridor, in Mozambique or in general,
these investments have to be made a priority to develop agriculture and rural economy. This is
5
Is an acronym in Portuguese that means national farmers union..

8. the only agriculture able to create dignified and sustainable jobs, stem the rural exodus, produce
quality food and in sufficient quantity for the entire Mozambican nation ". Even at this point,
citing the same newspaper, Gregorio Abudo
6
, says: "The government invited us to some
meetings, but all we were shown were power point presentations, with no opportunity to raise
questions", "We want transparency. We want to know the details. "
In contrast to this position, Charles Hefner
7
, rejects the idea that the project will move the
Mozambican peasants. He says the ProSavana aims "abandoned areas" where "is not practiced
no agriculture." "Mozambique has huge areas available for agriculture," says Hefner. "There is
room for mega project of 30-40 thousand hectares without major social impact."
this fact would be defeated in the investigations made by the Agricultural Research Institute of
Mozambique (IIAM) clearly show that almost all agricultural land in the area is already being
used by local communities. In the words of Jacinto Mafalacusser a IIAM researcher quoted the
same source:
"It is not true that there abandoned land in the Nacala Corridor"
Still According to the leadership of UNAC in its press release: "the peasant struggle in defense
of the land and peasant agriculture to guarantee food sovereignty and adequate food, waged by
UNAC the past 25 years, has never been so present and vital as risky for millions and millions of
Mozambicans. The perverse effect of the wave of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a manner of
so-called mega projects, the commodification of land, the big race of corporations and programs
(ProSavana, New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition G8) agribusiness (Chikweti) , mining
(Vale, Rio Tinto, Jindal Africa) and hydrocarbons (Anadarko, Statoil, ENI) by occupation,
expansion and concentration of land and the growing and dangerous tendencies that advocate
changing the legal framework of land, including a constitutional amendment to allow the
creation of a general market lease, sale and privatization of land, represent a national
emergency".
In a report drawn up by civil society Mozambican in January this year after a meeting in
Nampula with key stakeholders in the ProSavana where these organizations to establish a
platform that allow mediate the dialogue with the Government on the implementation of
ProSavana therefore the program was almost being canceled due to heavy campaigns civil
society against the project. These platform organizations of Mozambican civil society will play
an important role in making decisions around the project to prevent the outbreak of conflicts.
6
President of the Provincial Union of Cooperatives of Nampula.
7
Member of GV Agro, a subsidiary of the Getulio Vargas Foundation, headed by former Brazilian
minister of Agriculture, Roberto Rodrigues, is coordinating the Brazilian investors.

9. Faced with this lack of consensus in the views around the ProSavana harvested before this last
point, one can see that the process leading to implementation of an agrarian turn policy for
industrialization and high yield when mismanaged can cause problems difficult to resolve on
everything when mismanaged by the political leadership, in the face of these facts we can draw
several lessons that allow us to guide policy makers to implement a comprehensive agricultural
industrialization process that can feed the continent and the rest of the world:
 Agricultural policy (the similarity of some other policy) should be defined in a bottom-up
model
8
, therefore, allowed the political decisions are negotiated with the political
mentors and those who will be affected by it.
 Family farming to be one that ensures the financial inclusion of many Africans on all
women and young people who are in rural areas should be the focal point of any
agricultural industrialization initiative focusing on the transfer of agricultural
technologies and scientific support from the research institutions of the Governments
which forces political leaders to invest seriously in agrarian scientific research with rural
farmers so that the production of this sector to solve the problems of hunger, food
insecurity and malnutrition resulting sometimes the lack of storage capacity and
processing of agricultural surpluses.
 In a market economy context usually the private sector, from outside or originate the
continent tends to prevail against the small farmers regarding agricultural marketing and
access to markets, this suggests the adoption of protectionist policies by leadership policy
in order to allow the small family farms can also get considerable income in a highly
competitive environment.
 The agricultural industrialization strategy that aims to deploy on the continent should
consider the habits and customs of the African people regarding the different varieties of
agricultural crops on the continent, and must be balanced with cash crops so that these
last not overlap the first, because otherwise the continent could not reduce their
dependence on food and the problems it causes.
 despite the rural exodus is a recurring phenomenon in Africa due to the need for access to
services of the administration publishes which is concentrated mainly in urban centers
and a quality of life that the countryside does not offer, is an undeniable fact that there is
a dependence of the urban in terms of food produced in rural areas. before these facts
Leaders policies should also allow for diversion of services of administration publishes
increasingly inclusive and quality, which meets the demands of social and economic of
these areas relative dependence of the urban in terms of food, is important that the it
8
Born in the late 70s and early 80s, the bottom-up approach was formulated as a clear critique of top-
down theories, noting that the implementation of studies should also take into account the relationship of
the employee base with the beneficiaries, as well as the capability of different local contexts may have on
policy impacts (Pülzl e Treib, 2007: 92) cited by Mota ( 2010).

10. enables growth and local economic development through the creation of mechanisms to
ensure the distribution of surplus agricultural efficiently and effectively.
 Finally, for me very important and urgent is the need to move forward with a
comprehensive agricultural industrialization strategy that feeds the continent and the
cooperative world among African States to exchange experiences, mutual support,
information sharing and knowledge scientific and why not invest in an African research
center for agriculture to be integrated by researchers from all over the continent
7. Final considerations
Is an undeniable fact that the continent needs to seriously move forward in the development of
grounded agriculture in industrialization in order to comply with proposals goals in the strategies
of designed development within the continent as well as the global level, but, as noted
throughout this document, this is a challenging mission if we consider the current stage of
agriculture in Africa. this stage characterized by a mostly traditional agriculture practiced by
farmers in a lack of infrastructure environment, access roads, appropriate agricultural
technologies and weak utilization of production and especially of food need the continent and
then the world, makes the leaderships political and economic the continent and even the world
move forward with new approaches on how to promote a real green revolution in Africa.
throughout this study aims to describe the challenges this can bring for small family farming
therefore has insured the development of the economy of rural areas, integration of women and
youth in economic activities as well as supplying urban areas despite the constraints faced . in
short it is intended that this study will serve as a lesson to African governments devise an
agrarian development policy considering a number of factors that you are behind and promote an
interactive mode of governance find the least thorny paths.

11. Bibliographic references:
Mosca, 2010: Agricultura Familiar em Moçambique: ideologias e politicas, documento de
trabalho 127/2010.
Classen, 2010: Análise do Discurso e dos Antecedentes do Programa ProSAVANA em
Moçambique – enfoque no papel do Japão.
Mota, 2010: Implementação de Políticas Públicas em quadros de Public Governance:
colaboração inter-organizacional enquanto factor chave - o caso dos CNOs do distrito de Lisboa
Documents:
ProSAVANA-TEC, 2011: projecto de melhoria da capacidade de pesquisa e de transferência de
tecnologias para o desenvolvimento do corredor de Nacala (Resumo executivo).
Pronunciamento da UNAC sobre o Programa ProSavana, após reunião de 12 de outubro de
2012 em Nampula.
Acta, Encontro de Sociedade Civil sobre ProSAVANA: 17 de janeiro 2016.
Jornal:
jornal Brasil de Fato no 29 de Novembro de 2012: entrevistas com Gregório Abudo, Jacinto
Mafalacusser e Charles Hefner.