2. Background of the Inquisition & the European Jewish experience of persecution and lack of religious liberty

3. 1654 Jewish refugees from Recife / Brazil to New Amsterdam

4. 1st known public Jewish worship in America: 1703

5. The Synagogue-Community model

6. No need for rabbis!

7. Early synagogues tried to blend in, not be too obvious, deference to majority Christian culture.

8. Great diversity of Jewish population in colonial period, including huge range of religious observance.

9. Tolerated, 2nd class citizens with restrictions placed upon them.

11. Five principles of the “Great Tradition of American Churches”:

12. Religious freedom

13. Church-state separation

14. Denominationalism

15. Voluntaryism

16. Patriotism

17. Congregationalism instead of religious heirarchy

18. From “Synagogue-Community” to “Community of Synagogues”

19. Congregational autonomy

20. Beginnings of Reform traditions in US

21. New Jewish community umbrella organizations emerge