Exponential technology - How do we make sure everyone benefits?
Democracy, democratic transhumanism, technoprogressivism, Exponential Technology How can we make sure everyone benefits? Dr. Matthijs Pontier
2. Content • Why should everyone benefit? • How do we make sure everyone benefits? • Democratic Transhumanism • Machine Ethics • When we succeed New ethical dilemma’s Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016 Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
3. Why should everyone benefit? Who is everyone? • Does life matter? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
4. Why should everyone benefit? Who is everyone? • What is life, anyway? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
5. Why should everyone benefit? Who is everyone? • Does life matter? • What is life, anyway? • Does human life matter? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
6. Why should everyone benefit? Who is everyone? • Does life matter? • What is life, anyway? • Does human life matter? • Do human individuals matter? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
7. Why build technology? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016 Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
8. Why build technology? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016 Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
9. Why build technology?
10. Why build technology? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016 Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
11. Why build technology? • Evolutionary progress • Preserve (human) life • To preserve human rights • To improve our well-being Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016 Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
12. Why build technology? • Evolutionary progress – Description of a process or goal in itself? • Preserve (human) life • To preserve human rights • To improve our well-being Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016 Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
13. Why build technology? • Evolutionary progress / Preserve humans • To preserve human rights • To improve our well-being • Hedonic utilitarianism? Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
14. Why build technology? • Evolutionary progress / Preserve humans • To preserve human rights • To improve our well-being • Hedonic utilitarianism? Matthijs Pontier, 15. Brave New World
17. How do we promote happiness?
18. Promoting happiness: Kill all unhappy people? 19. Promoting happiness: Improving autonomy? 20. How do we promote autonomy? • If everyone uses cognitive enhancers, do you still have a free choice to use it yourself?
1984, ai, autonomy, brave new world, democracy, democratic transhumanism, ethics, healthcare, human enhancement, huxley, ik ben alice, machine ethics, open source, orwell, philosophy, robots, science, tech, technology, technoprogressivism
2. Content
• Why should everyone benefit?
• How do we make sure everyone benefits?
• Democratic Transhumanism
• Machine Ethics
• When we succeed New ethical dilemma’s
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
3. Why should everyone benefit?
Who is everyone?
• Does life matter?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
4. Why should everyone benefit?
Who is everyone?
• What is life, anyway?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
5. Why should everyone benefit?
Who is everyone?
• Does life matter?
• What is life, anyway?
• Does human life matter?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
6. Why should everyone benefit?
Who is everyone?
• Does life matter?
• What is life, anyway?
• Does human life matter?
• Do human individuals matter?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
10. Why build technology?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
11. Why build technology?
• Evolutionary progress
• Preserve (human) life
• To preserve human rights
• To improve our well-being
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
12. Why build technology?
• Evolutionary progress
– Description of a process or goal in itself?
• Preserve (human) life
• To preserve human rights
• To improve our well-being
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
13. Why build technology?
• Evolutionary progress / Preserve humans
• To preserve human rights
• To improve our well-being
• Hedonic utilitarianism?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
14. Why build technology?
• Evolutionary progress / Preserve humans
• To preserve human rights
• To improve our well-being
• Hedonic utilitarianism?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
20. How do we promote autonomy?
• If everyone uses cognitive enhancers,
do you still have a free choice to use it yourself?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human?
21. Democratic Transhumanism
(or Techno-progressivism)
• “Technological developments can be
profoundly empowering and emancipatory when they are regulated by
legitimate democratic and accountable authorities to ensure that
their costs, risks and benefits are all fairly shared by the
actual stakeholders to those developments”
• Equal access to human enhancement technologies
22. Machine Ethics
• Machines are becoming more autonomous
Rosalind Picard (1997): ‘‘The greater the freedom of a
machine, the more it will need moral standards.’’
• Machines interact more with people
We should manage that machines do not harm us or
threaten our autonomy
22Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
23. SELEMCA
• Develop ‘Caredroids’: Robots or Computer Agents
that assist Patients and Care-deliverers
23Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
24. Possible functionalities
• Care-broker: Find care that matches need patient
• Companion: Become friends with the patient to prevent
loneliness and activate the patient
• Coach: Assist the patient in making healthy choices:
Exercising, Eating healthy, Taking medicine, etc.
24
25. Moral reasoning system
We developed moral reasoning system that balances
between several moral goals
Decisions matched medical-ethical experts
25Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
26. Autonomy
26
Results:
Able to simulate judge
decisions about:
•Assertive outreach
•Judicial coercion after self-
binding declaration
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
27. Emotional Intelligence
+ Moral Reasoning:
Decisions based on:
1. Rational influences
– Does action help me to reach my goals?
2. Affective influences
– Does action lead to desired emotions?
– Does action reflect Involvement I feel towards user?
– Does action reflect Distance I feel towards user?
3. Moral reasoning
– Is this action morally good?
27Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
31. Why software should be
open-soure
• Algorithms and robots will increasingly influence our lives
• Who controls the programmers
• Good ideas are made to be copied
Creating extra value with no extra costs
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
32. Why we should have mandatory
Machine Ethics
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
33. Why we should have mandatory
Machine Ethics
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
34. Why we should have mandatory
Machine Ethics
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
35. Why we should have mandatory
Machine Ethics
• AI-Safety
• Make sure the intelligence explosion benefits us
• Democratically decide about ethics technology
36. What if we succeed:
Is a changed you still you?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
37. Who wants to live forever?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
38. If you lived forever
Would you be happy?
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
40. In Time
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
41. Book: Machine Medical Ethics
41
• How to develop robots with human-like
ethics?
• Need for Open Source
• How to use healthcare tech in a way that
improves well-being
• Changed doctor-patient relation
• Deep Brain Stimulation
• Sex-robots
• Etc.
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
42. Pirate Party & Tech-ethics
• Make sure technology
improves well-being
• Autonomy / Freedom
• Privacy
• Human rights
• Transparency
• Open source / Open Data
• E-democracy
• Evidence-based policy
Matthijs Pontier, Leiden, 27-2-2016
Where is the boundary of the human? The new technological turn
AI + Psychology
Developed emotionally intelligent robots and computer agents with human-like ethics
First define who’s everyone
Life Prevent extinction
Human race evolution & diversity
Individuals? Human rights
Life Prevent extinction
Human race evolution & diversity
Individuals? Human rights
Life Prevent extinction
Human race evolution & diversity
Individuals? Human rights
Life Prevent extinction
Human race evolution & diversity
Individuals? Human rights
Evolutionary progress Diversity
Survival
Survival
Evolutionary progress Diversity
Comfort
Companionship and pleasure
Evolutionary progress Descrption of a process or goal in itself?
Evolutionary progress Diversity
Evolutionary progress Descrption of a process or goal in itself?
Evolutionary progress Diversity
Evolutionary progress Diversity
Evolutionary progress Diversity
Technology to amuse yourselves to death = Dystopia
What do you think?
Should we kill unhappy people?
Decentralization of power
Cognitive Enhancement in basic insurance?
Science + Health Care + Creative Industry
Triangle Patient / Care-deliverer / Robot
Robot: Repetitive tasks, so that
Care-deliverer has time for: Medical + Social tasks
Functionalities can all be in the same robot
Same functionality can be in different kind of robots (physical robot, agent, app)
Results: Able to match decisions medical ethical experts
Resultaten: Mogelijk om rechtszaken te simuleren over:
-bemoeizorg
-gedwongen opname na zelfbindingsverklaring
Robot (met Silicon Coppelia) vs Mens
Multiple Choice & Emoties
Wat vond dit mannetje nou van jou?
Open source to see whether Machine Ethics norms are matched
Not realistic?
Intelligence explosion / Singularity
Realistic that a robot accidentally destroys us
Voorbeeld van mensen wiens hersenen nu al veranderen door Deep Brain Stimulation
Queen’s “Who wants to live forever” is theme song Highlander
In a future where people stop aging at 25, but are engineered to live only one more year, having the means to buy your way out of the situation is a shot at immortal youth.
Bring back moral reasoning in politics and stimulate autonomy of civilians
Make sure Google doesn’t decide what our healthcare and education look like