The document summarizes the evolution of medicine from surgery, drugs, and devices to stem and regenerative cell therapies. It discusses how stem cell therapies can treat various ischemic and chronic wound conditions. The document also reviews clinical trial results showing the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for cardiac conditions. It outlines what is known and unknown about optimizing stem cell treatments. Finally, it introduces the planned OKYANOS Heart Institute which will provide an EU-approved adipose-derived stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease.