1. Deductive Research Deductive Theory Hypothesis Observation Confirmation or Rejection. It refers to specific data obtained from a general theory. The theory leads to predictions about what is likely going on. For example, a hypothesis follows this as it is a theory-based prediction. A problem of deductive research is the biased imposed on people as one is more likely to see what they want to see in order the prove their theory and fail to see other circumstances which could have led to the results obtain. Example Social Representation Theory The representation of rural English life is stereotyped in current British television drama Observe random episodes of Monarch of the Glen, Emmerdale, Harbour Lights, Heartbeat and Where the Heart Is Confirmation or Rejection.
2. Inductive research It is a research that include thorough and proper preparation in regard to the perceptions. Inductive research is based on inductive thought or reasoning which transforms specific observations into general theory. An inductive argument is one in which the premises are supposed to support the conclusion in such a way that if the premises are true, it is improbable that the conclusion would be false.
3. Theoretical Research The term theoretical is to describe a result which is predicted by theory but has not yet been adequately tested by observation or experiment. To theoretically define is to create a hypothetical construct, this method of operationalization is not to be confused with operationally defining.
4. Empirical Research Empirical research is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct observation or experience. Empirical evidence can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively. Through quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the collected evidence.
5. Primary Research Research to collect original data is often undertaken after the researcher has gained some insight into the issue by collecting secondary data. This can be through numerous forms, including questionnaires, direct observation and telephone interviews amongst others. This information may be collected in things like questionnaires and interviews.
6. Secondary Research Secondary research (also known as desk research) involves the summary, collation and/or synthesis of existing research rather than primary research, where data is collected from, for example, research subjects or experiments. These secondary sources could include previous research reports, newspaper, magazine and journal content, and government.
7. Quantitative Data Quantitative Data is data measured or identified on a numerical scale. Numerical data can be analyzed using statistical methods, and results can be displayed using tables, charts, histograms and graphs.
8. Qualitative Data Quantitative Data, in which items are described in terms of quantity and in which a range numerical values are used without implying that a particular numerical value refers to a particular distinct category. However, data originally obtained as qualitative information about individual items may give rise to quantitative data if they are summarised by means of counts; and conversely, data that are originally quantitative are sometimes grouped into categories to become qualitative data.
