Democratization in Libya

1. Democratization in Libya
Pastrana, Mary Grace B.
IV-BSITE

2. HISTORY
• How and when it
started? • When Muammar Gaddafi’s
Administration (1969 to 2011)
brought down.
• Died on October 20, 2011
during the Battle at Sirte

3. HISTORY
ANTI-GADAFFI FORCES
• National Transitional Council
- Feb. 27, 2011
• NATO forces intervened
- March 21, 2011

4. HISTORY
• In July 2012, Libyans voted in
its first national election
• Turnout at 62% of registered voters
• 2.8 million registered voters from around
3-3.5 million eligible
• 374 party lists
• 559 women registered for party seats
(44%)
(source: The UN and the Libyan Electoral High Commission)

5. HISTORY
Most powerful
forces:
• National Forces Alliance,
led by ex-interim Prime MinisterMahmoud Jibril
Justice and Construction Party
Libyan Muslim Brotherhood of Mohamed Sawan
National Front Party
a liberal group led by an intellectual Mohamed el-Magariaf

6. HISTORY
• Ali Zeidan, Prime Minister of Libya
( a former diplomat who abandoned Gaddafi’s forces in the
1980s)
• Mohammed Magarief, Libya's head of state

7. DEMOGRAPHICS
• Total Area: 1,759,540 sq km
• Population: 6,002,347 (July 2013 est)
• Religon: Sunni Muslim 97%
Other 3%

8. Location:
Northern Africa,
bordering the
Mediterranean
Sea, between Egypt
Egypt and Tunisia
DEMOGRAPHICS

9. DEMOGRAPHICS
Who are the
parties
involved?
 Muammar Guaddafi
 Anti-Gaddafi Forces
 NATO Forces
 International Criminal
Court

10. ECONOMIC FACTORS

11. ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Libya sits on the biggest reserves of oil in
Africa.
• Oil and gas production account for:
 65 % of the country’s GDP,
 96 % of exports, and
 98 % of government revenues

12. ECONOMIC FACTORS
• Current Unemployment Rate: 30%
• Majority of those employed are working in
the public sector and the government
hopes to reduce this by relocating workers
into the private sector.

13. POLITICAL GROUPS
• National Forces Alliance
• Justice and Construction Party (Libyan Muslim
Brotherhood)
• National Front Party

14. POLITICAL FACTORS
• (Election was held )
General National Congress
to replace NTC.
• NTC officially dissolved.
• July 7, 2012
• August 8, 2012

15. POLITICAL FACTORS
• National Transitional Council
issued a Constitutional Declaration.
• August 3, 2011 (37 articles)
• A 01-06 : Libya as a State
• A 07-15: Civil rights and Public Freedom
• A 16-29: Operation of the Government
• A 30-32: Judiciary
• A 33-37: Conclusive Provisions

16. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
 Relationship between Libya
and
UK Higher Education
• TVET UK signed an Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with Libyan Board.
“to help build the necessary and appropriate
industrial trades and technical skills
capability and capacity for current and future
of Libya”

17. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
 Relationship between Libya
and
UK Higher Education
• Training for Libya’s
young population. (70
percent are under the
age of 30)

18. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
 Rewriting of Curriculum
• Includes 160 Libyan experts
o Get rid of subjects like Al-Mujtama Al
Jamahariya (studying of “green book”)
o Changes in geography subject
o Add Islamic Consciosness Subject

19. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
• Language Training
• Libyans Studying Abroad
 7,009 Libyans studying overseas at the
tertiary level in 2010 (UK, Malaysia, US,
France, Canada)

20. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
Scholarship
Programs
 Overseas scholarship program (Libyan
Committee for Higher Education)
 Libyan-North American Scholarship
Program (Canadian Bureau for
International Education )

21. PSYCHOCULTURAL FACTORS
• Libya is also developing information
technology infrastructures:
o to better connect universities, and
o provide access to academic research
databases.

22. RELIGION
• Religious Freedom
• Islam
• Christians
• Catholics
• Anglicans

23. Thank you 
Pastrana, Mary Grace B.
IV-BSITE