Recombinant DNA Technology

1. RECOMBINANT DNA or
rDNA
Raymart Enriquez Isidro
BSE III- Biological Science

2. Recombinant DNA
An artificially made DNA strand that is
formed by the combination of two or
more gene sequences.
This new combination may or may not
occur naturally, but is engineered
specifically for a purpose to be used in
one of the many applications of
recombinant DNA.

3. What is DNA?
How does it works?

4. Background Information on DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
A double helix structure and contains a
combination of the nitrogen bases:
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
Instructional manual for how to build life
Found in chromosomes and contains gene.

5. RECOMBINANT DNA or
rDNA
Refers to a combination of DNA molecules that
are not found together in nature.
Is generally reserved for molecules produced
artificially by joining DNA obtained from
different biological sources.

6. PIONEERS IN RECOMBINANT DNA
Paul Berg Stanley N.
Cohen
Herbert Boyer

7. PIONEERS IN RECOMBINANT DNA
The invention of recombinant DNA technology—
the way in which genetic material from one
organism is artificially introduced into the genome
of another organism and then replicated and
expressed by that other organism—was largely
the work of Paul Berg, Herbert W. Boyer, and
Stanley N. Cohen, although many other
scientists made important contributions to the
new technology as well.

8. RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
The basic process of recombinant DNA technology
revolves around the activity of DNA in the synthesis of
protein.
Scientists can change the nature of the DNA and of the
gene make-up of an organism.
Uses methods derived from nucleic acid biochemistry,
coupled with genetic techniques.

9. METHODS OF rDNA
TECHNOLOGY
1.DNA to be cloned is purified from cells or tissues.
2.Proteins called restriction enzymes are used to generate
specific DNA fragments.
3.The fragments produced by restriction enzymes are
joined to other DNA molecules that serve as vectors, or
carrier molecules.
4.The rDNA molecule is transferred to a host cell. Within
the host cell, rDNA molecule replicates.
5.As host cells replicate, the rDNA molecules within them
are passed on to all their progeny.

10. Methods
6. The cloned DNA can be recovered from host cells,
purified, and analyzed.
7. The cloned DNA can then be transcribed, its mRNA
translated, and the encoded gene product isolated
and used for research or sold commercially.

11. RECOMBINANT DNA MOLECULES ARE
CONSTRUCTED USING SEVERAL
COMPONENTS
RESTRICTION ENZYMES- isolated from bacteria,
restrict or prevent viral infection in bacterial cells by
degrading the invading viral DNA.
 Are endonucleases that recognize a specific nucleotide
sequence and cut both strands of the DNA within that
sequence.
 Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, and Daniel
Nathans- 1978 Noble Prize Winner in Physiology or
Medicine.
 Escherichia coli and is designated EcoRI.

12. 1978 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or
Medicine
Werner Arber Daniel Nathans Hamilton Smith

14. DNA LIGASE/SYNTHETASE
An enzyme that catalyzes the linking together of two
molecules usually using the energy derived from the
concurrent splitting of a pyrophosphate group from a
triphosphate(as ATP)
It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in
duplex DNA in living organisms.

15. VECTOR
Fragments of DNA produced by restriction enzyme
digestion cannot directly enter bacterial cells for
cloning. However, when a DNA fragment is joined
to a vector, it can gain entry to a host cell, where it
can be replicated or cloned into many copies.
Vectors are, in essence, carrier DNA molecules.

16. MAKING rDNA

19. Sources:
Retrieved from:
http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Recombinant-
DNA.aspx;
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/biology/microbiology/dna-
and-gene-expression/recombinant-dna-and-biotechnology;
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring
2005/Durnbaugh/yfp.html;
http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-
resources/chemistry-in-
history/themes/pharmaceuticals/preserving-health-with-
biotechnology/berg-boyer-cohen.aspx
Introductory Genetics by William S. Klug and Michael R.
Cummings;
Merriam-Webster Dictionary © 2015