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World Market for LEDs and OLEDs
January 1, 2009
This research report, World Market for LEDs and OLEDs, presents an in-depth analysis
of the development, applications, products, manufacturers, and trends in the use of
light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in the United
States. These two technologies have improved dramatically over the past few years and
are now poised to revolutionize the lighting industry. The report provides a
comprehensive analysis of the current market for these technologies and projects future
market size and end-use applications through 2013. Marketing concerns including
energy demand, environmental impacts, economic conditions, consumer acceptance,
intellectual property rights, and government activities are discussed in relation to their
impact on market growth for LED and OLED technologies. The report also profiles
major manufacturers and marketers of LEDs and OLEDs and the strategies they have
adopted to maximize growth and profitability.
LEDs and OLEDs are currently used in numerous business and consumer products but
have yet to significantly penetrate the general illumination market. Cost remains the final
hurdle as brightness levels and operational lifetimes have surpassed those of commonly
used incandescent and fluorescent lighting products. From mobile phones to
automobiles to billboards and television sets, LEDs and OLEDs have proven their
effectiveness with their many advantages over other lighting sources. This report
delineates the potential impacts of these two technologies bring to these and other
applications over the next five years.
Scope and Methodology
This report includes both primary and secondary research. Secondary research data
have been obtained from government sources, trade association publications, business
journals, and company literature. Simmons Market Research Bureau (SMRB) and IRI
provided primary research. Statistical data are included for industry revenue, both
globally and for the United States. Historical data are provided for the 2003 to 2008 time
frame with projections of future sales through 2013. The base year for the report is
2008. Demand in each of the following product application sectors is analyzed in terms
of overall revenue, both for business and consumer uses:
Automotive Applications
Display Backlighting Applications

2. Mobile Applications
Signals and Signage Applications
General Illumination Applications
Other Applications
Potential product applications, buying trends, environmental issues, and energy
considerations are also reviewed and analyzed. Market size estimates and forecasts
are based on historic data of LED and OLED sales, current revenue trends based on
secondary sources, and the impact of factors such as environmental concerns, fuel and
energy prices, economic considerations, and housing and building trends.
How You Will Benefit from this Report
If your company is involved with general lighting, display advertising, automotive
lighting, or televisions, computer monitors, or other consumer electronic displays - or if
you are replacing your current lighting fixtures, want to conserve energy, or begin a
“green” initiative - you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive
package of information and insight about LEDs and OLEDs not offered in any other
single source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current LED and OLED
applications and markets, as well as projected market sizes and trends through 2013.
This report will help:
Marketing Managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted
promotion plans for LED and OLED products.
Research and Development Professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives,
product applications, and demand for LED and OLED products.
Advertising Agencies working with clients in the general illumination, display
advertising, and consumer electronics markets develop compelling messages
and images to promote sales of LED and OLED products.
Business Development Executives understand the dynamics of the LED and
OLED markets, identify potential partnerships, and detect new product
applications.
Information and Research Center Librarians provide market researchers, brand
and product managers, and other colleagues with the vital information they need
to do their jobs more effectively.
Additional Information
Market Insights: A Selection From The Report

3. General Illumination LED Market
One hundred years after they were first “discovered,” light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are
poised to revolutionize the lighting industry. LEDs -- and their organic brethren, OLEDs -
- offer brighter lighting, significant energy savings, incredibly long lifetimes, and almost
infinite design possibilities. Cost is the most prohibitive factor for widespread adoption
but advances have been, and are being, made which will ameliorate the price issue in
the not-toodistant future. Already widely used in automobiles, outdoor signs, traffic
signals, televisions, mobile phones, computers, and accent lighting among many other
applications, LEDs and OLEDs are finding uses in myriad products and applications.
The world’s first OLED television was offered for sale in late 2007 and several other
companies are planning to introduce larger screen OLED televisions in 2009. The
biggest application, however, is the annual $75 billion global general illumination market
for which LEDs and OLEDs hold much promise. These two technologies, often referred
to as solid state lighting, or SSL, will change the way people look at and use lighting
Automotive LED Market
Conventional LEDs have been used inside automobiles for over twenty years in various
indicator-lamp applications. However, the advent of high-brightness (HB) LEDs in the
late 1980s and early 1990s permitted LEDs to be used for exterior signaling functions
as well. The first major application of HB LEDs for automotive signaling was the center
high-mounted stop light on the 1988 Nissan 280Z. According to the November 2005
Laser Focus World article called “High Brightness LEDS: LED Automotive Headlamps
Move Closer To Market” by Robert Steele, the first signaling applications used red LEDs
made from aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs). With the development of the more
robust indium gallium aluminum phosphide (InGaAlP) HB LEDs in the early 1990s, the
automotive signaling market began a period of sustained growth. Driven by a
combination of higher performance, increased reliability and longevity, and increased
flexibility in styling, by 2004 about 40% of all the automobiles and light trucks produced
worldwide used LEDs for center high-mounted stop lights.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Scope
Methodology
Overview
A Brief History of LEDs and OLEDs
Market Size - World and U.S.
Market Size by Segment
Figure 1-1: Global and U.S. LED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 1-2: Global and U.S. OLED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
LED Operation
OLED Operation
Creating Light

4. LED and OLED Advantages
LED and OLED Disadvantages
High Brightness LEDs
LED Drivers
LED and OLED Applications
Government Initiatives
LED and OLED Distribution Channels
Pricing Trends
Summary
Chapter 2: LED Operation and Applications
Scope
Diode Overview
Figure 2-1: P-N Junction Materials
Figure 2-2: P-N Junction Formation
Figure 2-3: P-N Junction Depletion Zone
Figure 2-4: P-N Junction Depletion Zone Removal
Light Producing Diodes
Table 2-1: LED Semiconductor Materials and Associated Light Color
Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Figure 2-5: OLED Construction
Types of OLED Construction
Types of OLED Manufacturing
History of LEDs and OLEDs
Advantages of LEDs and OLEDs
LED Advantages
Table 2-2: Advantages of LEDs (percent)
OLED Advantages
Disadvantages of LEDs and OLEDs
High Brightness LEDs
LED Drivers
LED and OLED Applications
Automotive LED Applications
Display Backlighting Applications
Mobile Applications
Signals and Signage Applications
General Illumination Applications
Other Applications
Summary
Chapter 3: Market Size and Growth
Scope
Current LED Market
Figure 3-1: U.S. LED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Automotive LED Market
Figure 3-2: U.S. Automotive LED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
General Illumination LED Market

5. Figure 3-3: U.S. General Illumination LED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of
dollars)
Signals and Signage LED Market
Figure 3-4: U.S. Signals & Signage LED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of
dollars)
Backlighting LED Market
Figure 3-5: U.S. Backlighting LED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Mobile LED Market
Figure 3-6: U.S. Mobile LED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
The OLED Market
Figure 3-7: U.S. OLED Market, 2003-2008 (in millions of dollars)
Factors Affecting LED and OLED Growth
Manufacturing Costs
The Economy
Electric Automobiles
The Green Movement
Public Awareness—CFLs
Figure 3-8: U.S. Household Usage of Compact Fluorescent and Energy Efficient
Lighting, 2003-2008 (percent)
Public Awareness—TV’s & Computers
Public Awareness—Flashlights & Camping
Industry Acceptance
TV Infrastructure
New Applications
Estimated Market Size 2008-2013
Automotive LED Growth
Figure 3-9: Projected U.S. Automotive LED Market, 2008-2013 (in millions of
dollars)
General Illumination LED Growth
Figure 3-10: Projected U.S. General Illumination LED Market, 2008-2013 (in
millions of dollars)
Signals and Signage LED Growth
Figure 3-11: U.S. Signals & Signage LED Market, 2008-2013 (in millions of
dollars)
Backlighting LED Growth
Figure 3-12: U.S. Backlighting LED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Mobile LED Growth
Figure 3-13: U.S. Mobile LED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
U.S. LED Growth
Figure 3-14: U.S. LED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-15: World and U.S. LED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
U.S. OLED Growth
Figure 3-16: U.S. OLED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-17: World and U.S. OLED Growth, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Summary
Chapter 4: Product Trends and Distribution

6. Scope
LED and OLED Performance Trends
LED and OLED Brightness and Longevity
Advances in LED Brightness
Advances in OLED Brightness
LED and OLED Operation and Manufacturing Improvements
Operational Advances
Material Advances
Manufacturing Advances
LED and OLED Drivers, Encapsulants, and Thermal Improvements
LED and OLED Patents
LED and OLED Manufacturing Technique Patents
LED and OLED Light Intensity Regulating Patents
LED and OLED Improvement Patents
Improved LED and OLED Moisture Seal Patents
Vehicle Lighting Patents
Other Products and Applications
Government Initiatives
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Initiatives
DOE Basic Energy Sciences Program
DOE Core Technology Research
DOE Product Development
DOE Commercialization Support
DOE-NGLIA SSL Partnership
DOE SSL Projects
Table 4-1: U.S. Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting Projects, 2008
DARPA Initiatives
A Note on Energy Star® Issues
LED and OLED Distribution Channels
Retail Stores
Wholesalers and Manufacturers
Internet
Catalogs
Trade Shows and Other Channels
LED and OLED Advertising and Promotions
Pricing Trends
Table 4-2: Examples of LED and OLED Product Pricing, All Prices as of October
20, 2008 (in dollars)
Summary
Chapter 5: Competitive Profiles
Scope
Cree, Inc.
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 5-1: Cree, Inc.: Company Information

7. Litigation
Product Portfolio
Table 5-2: Cree, Inc. Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Seoul Semiconductor Company, Ltd
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-3: Seoul Semiconductor Company, Ltd.: Company Information
Litigation
Product Portfolio
Table 5-4: Seoul Semiconductor Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-5: Philips Lumileds: Company Information
Litigation
Product Portfolio
Table 5-6: Philips Lumileds Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
OSRAM GmbH
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-7: OSRAM GmbH: Company Information
Table 5-8: OSRAM SYLVANNIA: Company Information
Litigation
Product Portfolio
Table 5-9: Osram Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-10: Toyoda Gosei: Company Information
Litigation
Product Portfolio
Table 5-11: Toyoda Gosei Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Nichia Corporation
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-12: Nichia: Company Information
Litigation

8. Product Portfolio
Table 5-13: Nichia Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Lumination, LLC
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-14: Lumination: Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-15: Lumination Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Samsung SDI
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-16: Samsung SDI: Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-17: Samsung SDI Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
Eastman Kodak Company
Overview
Company Performance
Table 5-18: Kodak: Company Information
Product Portfolio
Table 5-19: Kodak Product Portfolio
Product Distribution
Significant Developments
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