1. A History of Cartography
From Ptolemy to
TomTom

2. Pre-Historic Maps
Cave paintings at
o Trois-Freres, Montesquieu-Avantès, in France – c. 13,000 BC
o Lascaux, in France – c. 15,000 BC
o El Castillo, in Spain – c 12,000 BC

3. Pre-Historic Maps
Cave paintings at
o Trois-Freres, Montesquieu-Avantès, in France – c. 13,000 BC
o Lascaux, in France – c. 15,000 BC
o El Castillo, in Spain – c 12,000 BC
Rock carvings at
ȱ Pavlov, in the Czech Republic – c. 23,000 BC
ȱ Çatalhöyük, Anatolia, in Turkey – c. 15,000 BC

4. Pre-Historic Star Maps

5. Pre-Historic Star Maps

6. Pre-Historic Star Maps

7. Star Maps
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BC

8. Star Maps
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BC Su Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101

9. Star Maps
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BC Su Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101
Star Map, Albrecht Durer, 1515

10. Star Maps
Sumerian Star map from Nineveh, c. 3300 BC Su Song Star map from China, c. 1020-1101
Star Map, Albrecht Durer, 1515 Modern Star Map

11. Ancient Maps
Anaximander (c. 610 - 546 BC) Strabo (c. 64 BC - 24 AD)
Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 - 476 BC) Pomponius Mela (c. 43 AD)
Eratosthenes (276 - 194 BC) Marinus of Tyre (c. 120 AD)
Posidonius (c. 150 - 130 BC) Claudius Ptolemy, (90-170 AD)

12. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea

13. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances

14. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin

15. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass

16. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior

17. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map

18. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
» Only useful when in sight of land

19. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
» Only useful when in sight of land
» Used with a pilots’ log containing records of reefs, shoals, etc.
» Pilots’ log books were know as Rutter or Peripli

20. Portolan Charts
» Used for navigation at sea
» They show Compass Directions and Distances
» Typically drawn on sheepskin
» Marks the 32 directions on a Mariner’s compass
» Show only coastline, no detail of the interior
» Medieval Portolani typically show North to the top of the map
» Only useful when in sight of land
» Used with a pilots’ log containing records of reefs, shoals, etc.
» Pilots’ log books were know as Rutter or Peripli
» Were considered state secrets in Portugal and Spain

21. Portolan Charts
Carta Pisana Portolan Chart, c.1275–1300

22. Portolan Charts
Portolan Chart of Pedro Reinal, 1504

23. Mappa Mundi

24. Gough Map of Britain - 1360

25. Gough Map of Britain - 1360

26. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps

27. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
• Depict a route from one place to another
e.g. from London to Canterbury

28. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
• Depict a route from one place to another
e.g. from London to Canterbury
• Show the Route as a straight line

29. Pilgrim Maps
Before the Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,
The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.
A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire,
And after him the parson ran, the sexton and the squire;
A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread
The night we went to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.
• Also called Itinerary, Journey or Strip Maps
• Depict a route from one place to another
e.g. from London to Canterbury
• Show the Route as a straight line
• Show Waypoints and Landmarks along the way

30. Pilgrim Maps
I knew no harm of Bonaparte and plenty of the Squire,
And for to fight the Frenchman I did not much desire;
But I did bash their baggonets because they came arrayed
To straighten out the crooked road an English drunkard made,
Where you and I went down the lane with ale-mugs in our hands,
The night we went to Glastonbury by way of Goodwin Sands.

31. Pilgrim Maps
I knew no harm of Bonaparte and plenty of the Squire,
And for to fight the Frenchman I did not much desire;
But I did bash their baggonets because they came arrayed
To straighten out the crooked road an English drunkard made,
Where you and I went down the lane with ale-mugs in our hands,
The night we went to Glastonbury by way of Goodwin Sands.

32. Pilgrim Maps
His sins they were forgiven him; or why do flowers run
Behind him; and the hedges all strengthening in the sun?
The wild thing went from left to right and knew not which was which,
But the wild rose was above him when they found him in the ditch.
God pardon us, nor harden us; we did not see so clear
The night we went to Bannockburn by way of Brighton Pier.

33. Pilgrim Maps
His sins they were forgiven him; or why do flowers run
Behind him; and the hedges all strengthening in the sun?
The wild thing went from left to right and knew not which was which,
But the wild rose was above him when they found him in the ditch.
God pardon us, nor harden us; we did not see so clear
The night we went to Bannockburn by way of Brighton Pier.

34. Pilgrim Maps
My friends, we will not go again or ape an ancient rage,
Or stretch the folly of our youth to be the shame of age,
But walk with clearer eyes and ears this path that wandereth,
And see undrugged in evening light the decent inn of death;
For there is good news yet to hear and fine things to be seen,
Before we go to Paradise by way of Kensal Green.

35. “Age of Discovery”
Mercator World Map, 1569

36. “Age of Discovery”
Abraham Ortelius, 1570

37. Map Projections
Cylindrical – Transverse Mercator

38. Map Projections
Projections - Sinusoidal

39. Map Projections
Projections - Sinusoidal
Ecker IV Ecker VI Goode Homolosine

40. Map Projections
Projections - Sinusoidal
Kavrayskiy VII Mollweide Tobler Hyperelliptical

41. Map Projections
Projections – Albers Conical

42. Map Projections
Projections – Albers Conical

43. Map Projections
Projections – Azimuthal Equidistant

44. Map Projections
Projections – Azimuthal Equidistant

45. Map Projections
Projections – Azimuthal Equidistant
Show the globe as it appears from space

46. Map Projections
Projections – Gnomic

47. Map Projections
Projections – Gnomic

48. Map Projections
Projections – Gnomic
Often used by Seismologists,
because seismic waves tend to travel along
great circles.
Used by navies in plotting direction finding bearings,
since radio signals travel along great circles

49. Panoramic Maps

50. Panoramic Maps

51. Panoramic Maps

52. Panoramic Maps

53. The London Underground

54. The London Underground

55. The London Underground

56. The London Underground

57. Facebook World Map

58. Political Maps
British Empire 1897

59. Social Maps

60. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"

61. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.

62. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
~ Phrase first appears on the Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507).
~ Map Location is Indonesia, so may refer to Komodo Dragons.

63. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
~ Phrase first appears on the Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507).
~ Map Location is Indonesia, so may refer to Komodo Dragons.
~ “HIC SVNT LEONES” was the traditional phrase.

64. Scully: On the old mariner maps, the cartographers would
designate unexplored territories by simply writing “Here Be
Monsters”.
Mulder: I've seen the same thing on maps of New York City.
— The X-Files, "Quagmire"
~ “Here be Dragons” – “HIC SVNT DRACONES” in Latin.
~ Phrase first appears on the Hunt-Lenox Globe (ca. 1503-1507).
~ Map Location is Indonesia, so may refer to Komodo Dragons.
~ “HIC SVNT LEONES” was the traditional phrase.
~ Pictures of dragons and serpents did appear on older maps.

65. Moon Maps
Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1500

66. Moon Maps
Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1500 Johannes Hevelius, 1647

67. Moon Maps
Homann and Doppelmayr, 1707

68. Wilbur Glenn Voliva
Flat Earth Map

69. “Inner Earth”Map from c. 1730

70. Fictional Maps