1. GROUP V
MARK KEVIN AGPAOA
JULIUS RAFAEL YANOS

3. THE THREE ORDERS OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE

4.  Doric columns are the simplest.
 They have a CAPITAL (the top or the crown) made of a circle
topped by a square.
 The SHAFT is plain and has 20 sides (the tall part of the
column)
 BASE is not present in Doric order
 Works well horizontally on a building, that‟s why it was so
good with the long rectangular buildings made by the Greeks.
The area above the column, called the frieze (pronounced
“FREEZE”), had simple patterns. Above the columns are the
METOPE AND TRIGLYPHS)
 METOPE pronounced “met-o-pee” is a plain, smooth stone
section between TRIGYLPHS. Sometimes the METOPEE is a
statue of heroes and gods on them.
 TRIGLYPHS are pattern of 3 vertical lines between METOPEE

5. SOME DORIC TEMPLES
IN GREECE:
AGRIGENTUMAPOLLO, DELPHIAPOLLO, CORINTHPARTHENON, ATHENS

6.  Ionic shaft is taller than Doric
 They also had flutes, which are lines carved into them
from top to bottom. The shafts also had a special
characteristic: ENTESIS, which is a little bulge in the
columns make the columns look straight, even at a
distance [because since you would see the narrower
as they rise, so this bulge makes up for that – so it
looks straight to your eye but it really isn‟t
 The FRIEZE is plain.
 The BASES were large and looked like a set of stacked
rings.
 CAPITALS consist of a scrolls above the shaft,
 It is more decorative than the doric.

7.  Entesis – a swelling or
curving outwards
along the outline of a
column shaft,
designed to
counteract the optical
illusion which gives a
shaft bounded by
lines the appearance
of curving inwards.

8. EXAMPLES of IONIC
TEMPLES in GREECE:
ILLISSUSNIKE, APTEROSERECHTHEION

9.  Is the most decorative and usually the one
most modern people like best.
 It uses also ENTASIS
 Its CAPITAL have flowers and leaves below the
scroll
 The SHAFT has flutes and the base like the
lonian

10. The cornice is the
uppermost section
of moldings along
the top of a wall or
just below a roof.
EXAMPLES of CORINTHIAN
TEMPLES
APOPLLO EPICURIUS
THE CHORAGIC MONUMENT
OF LYSICRATES, ATHENS

11.  Very plain
 With a plain SHAFT
 A simple CAPITAL and BASE
 Plain frieze

13.  ECHINUS
Also called cymatium. the circular molding, u
sually carved with an egg-and-
dart pattern, forming part of an
Ionic capital between the volutes and under t
he balteus.
 BALTEUS
the horizontal band connecting the
volutes on either side.

14. COMOPISTE -
Is the
combination of
IONIC and
CORINTHIAN
order
CAULICULOUS-In the
Corinthian capital, one o
f the eight stalks rising
out of the lower
leafage and terminating
in leaves which seem to
support the volutes.

15. Pediment – a triangular piece of wall above the
entablature enclosed by raking cornices.
•Roofs were
constructed of
timber members,
boarded and
covered with
tierra-cotta or
marble tiles
overlapping one.
Another finished
off the caves with
antifixae

16. •MUTULES – PREJECTING INCLINED BLOCKS IN DORIC
CORNICES, DERIVES FROM THE ENDS OF WOODEN BEAMS.
•ACRETERION – BLOCKS RESTING ON THE VERTEX AND
LOWER EXTREMITIES OF THE PEDIMENT TO SUPPORT
STATURAY OR ORNAMENTS.
•TYMPANUM – THE TRIANGULAR SURFACE BOUNDED BY THE
SLOPING AND HORIZONTAL CORNICES OF THE PEDIMENT.
•FRIEZE – THE MIDDLE DIVISION OF THE CLASSIC
ENTABLATURE.
•CORNICE – IS THE CROWNING OR UPPER PORTION OF THE
ENTABLATURE, ALSO USED FOR ANY CROWNING
PROJECTION.
•ARCITRAVE – THE BEAM OR LOWERST DIVISION OF THE
ENTABLATURE, WHICH EXTENDS FROM COLUMN TO
COLUMN. ALSO A MOULDED FRAME AROUND A DOOR OR A
WINDOW.
•CAPITAL - THE CROWNING FEATURES OF A COLUMN OR
PILASTER
•SHAFT – THE PORTION OF A COLUMN BETWEEM BASE AND
CAPITAL.
•STYLOBATE – THE UPPER STEP FORMING THE BASE OF A
COLUMNED GREEK TEMPLE (3 STEPS)
•TRIGLYHP – BLOCKS WITH VERTICAL CHANNELS WHICH
FORM A DISTINGUISHING FEATURE IN THE FRIEZE OF THE
DORIC ENTABLATURE.
•METOPE – THE SPACE BETWEEN DORIC TIGLLYPHS,
SOMETIMES LEFT OPEN IN ANCIENT EXAMPLES,
AFTERWARDS APPLIED TO THE CARVED SLAB.
•TENIA –A FLAT PROJECTING BAND CAPPING THE
ARCHITRAVE OF A DORIC ENTABLATURE.
•GUTTA – SMALL CONES UNDER THE TRIGLYPHS AND
MUTULES OF THE DORIC ENTABLATURE.
•REGULA – THE SHORT BAND, UNDER THE TRIGLYPHS, BENEATH
THE TENIA OF THE DORIC ENTABLATURE AND TO WHICH WHERE
THE GUTTAE ARE ATTACHED.
•ANNULETS - A SMALL FLAT FILLET ENCIRCLING A COLUMN. IT
IS SEVERAL TIMES REPEATED UNDER THE OVOLO
HYPOTRACHELION.
•HYPOTHRACHELION - THE NECK OF A GREEK DORIC COLUMN,
BETWEEN THE ANNULETS AND THE GROMES OR CAPITAL AND
SHAFT OF A COLUMN.
•COLUMN- A VERTICAL SUPOORT, GENERALLY CONSISTING OF
BASE, CIRCULAR SHAFT, AND SPREADING CAPITAL.

18.  Examples:
 „Temenos‟ or the sacred enclosure, as at Delphi: often
topography allowed this to be a citadel too,
 Acropolis or upper city, where the principal sacred
buildings might stand, both for dignity and safety,
 The PROPYLAEA, ATHENS, erected under Pericles by the
architect Mnesicles, forms the imposing entrance to the
Acropolis, approached by a steep ascent from the plain
below. The front and rear Hexastyle Doric porticoes areon
different levels, and give access to a covered hall with a
wide central passage flanked by ionic columns and with
and eastern wall with five doorways of different heights.
The projecting wings on either side if the western front
has three columns.
 TEMPLES : Temples were the chief of building in the
hellenic period.

19. PLAN

20. SECTION THRU Y-Y

21. PLAN

22. Opisthodomos (epidnaos)
parthenon
naos
pronaos
8 columns
A. Henostyle- 1column
• Distyle- 2 columns
• Tristyle- 3 columns
• Tetrastyle- 4 columns
• Pentastlye- 5 columns
• Hexastyle- 6 columns
• Heptastyle-7 columns
• Octastyle- 8 columns
• Enneastyle- 9 columns
• Decastyle- 10 columns
• Dodecastyle- twelve columns

23. A. “In antis”
temple have
one to four
column
between
antae at the
front
• DISTYLE IN
ANTIS
B.“AMPHI-ANTIS”
Temples have
from one to four
columns
between antae at
front and rear.
Two is the usual
number
•AMPHI-ANTIS
DISTYLE
C.“PROSTYLE” –
temples have a
portico of
columns at the
front.
“PROSTYLE”
D.“AMPHI-
PROSTYLE” –
temples have a
portico of
columns at the
front and rear.
“AMPHI-
PROSTYLE”
E.“PERIPTERAL” –
temples have a
single line of
columns
surrounding the
naos
“PERIPTERAL”
F. “DIPTERAL” –
temples have a
double line of
columns
surrounding the
naos.
“DIPTERAL”
G. “PSEUDO-
DIPTERAL” –
temples are like
the last, but
inner range of
columns is
omitted on the
flanks of the
naos.
PSEUDO-
DIPTERAL
H.“MONOPTERAL
”- temples
having circular
columniation
MONOPTEREAL/
THOLOS
J.“PSEUDO-
PERIPTERAL”-
temples have
flank columns
attached to the
naos wall.
PSEUDOPERIPTER
AL

24.  The Greek theatre, an open-air structure, was
geneally hollowed out if the slope of a hillside,
in or near a city, and received definitive
architectural form only in the 4th century B.C..
The developed form consisted of three
independent elements.
 3 independent
elements:
1. Auditorium or
Cavea- in tiers of
stone seats
arranged in a
horseshoe shape
around the circular
paved space
(orchestra) used by
the chorus
Stage(skene) for actors. The skene was a
structure, tangental to orchestra, affording
a backing for simple stage décor. The
orchestra was the focal point, for on it the
churos enacted the action of the drama and
around it, greater than a semicircle, was
organized the arrangement of the seating.
The tiers of seats partially enclosing the
orchestra to a point beyond its diameter in
retaining wall, along the face of which was
a passage(parados) leading to the skene

25.  Theatre at
Epidaurus
◦ The most famous
Greek theatre
◦ Recognized for its
amazing acoustics
 A pin dropped at the
center of the theatre
can be heard in the
farthest seats
◦ Set against a
beautiful Greek
landscape
THEATRE @ EPIDAURUS

26. THEATER @ DELPHI

28. ANCIENT PLAN
OF AGORA
OR TOWN SQUARE, WAS THE CENTRE OF SOCIAL AND
BUSINESS LIFE, AROUND OR NEAR WHICH WERE
STOAS OR COLONNADED PORTICOES, TEMPLES,
ADMINISTRATIVE AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MARKETS
PLACES OF ENTERTAINMENT, MONUMENTS AND
SHRINES.

29. A LONG COLONNADED BUILDING, SERVED MANY
PURPOSES. STOAS WERE USED AROUND PUBLIC PLACES
AND AS SHELTERS AT RELIGIOUS SHRINES.

30.  SERVED AS SENATE HOUSE FOR THE CHIEF
DIGNITARIES OF THE CITY AND AS A PLACE WHERE
DISTINGUISHED VISITORS AND CITIZENS MIGHT BE
ENTERTAINED. IT CONTAINED THE OFFICIAL
BANQUETING ROOM AND ALSO THE SYMBOLIC
COMMUNAL HEARTH ON WHICH A FIRE „BURNT‟
PERPETUALLY, ASSOCIATED WITH THE CULT OF
HESTIA GODDES OF HEARTH

31.  OR COUNCIL
HOUSE WAS A
COVERED
MEETING PLACE
FOR THE
DEMOCRATICALL
Y-ELECTED
COUNCILS.
SMALL AND WITH
MANY COLUMNS

32.  FOR CITIZENS IN GENERAL, WERE SEMILAR,
BUT NEEDED TO BE LARGER
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
ODEION
A KINDERED TYPE TO THE THEATRE, WAS A
BUILDING IN WHICH MUSICIAN PERFROMED
THEIR WORKS FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE
PUBLIC AND COMPETED FOR PRIZES.

33. The stadium was built in 329 BC
from the orator and governor
Lykourgos to host the sports
contests of Panathinaea, the
biggest celebration of Athens in
honor of Goddess Athena. In mid
2nd century BC Herodes Atticus
covers the stadium with marble. In
1894-96 the stadium is covered in
marble once more with the grant
of Georgios Averof and designs of
Anastasios Metaxas. The stadium
is inaugurated in 1896 with the
first contemporary Olympic
Games.
WAS THE FOOT
RACECOURSE IN CITIES
WHERE GAMES
CELEBRATED, AND HAD
A LENGTH OF ABOUT
183M (600 FT) BETWEEN
BANKS OF SEATS
FOUNDED ON
CONVENIENT NATURAL
GROUND OR ON THE
SPOIL FROM
EXCAVATION OF FLAT
SITES. THE STARTING
END IS CIRCULAR AND
THE OTHER SEMI-
CIRLCE.

34.  HIPPODROME – WAS A SIMILAR THOUGH LONGER
TYPE IF BUILDING FOR HORSE AND CHARIOT
RACING & WAS THE PROTOTYPE OF THE ROMAN
CIRCUS
 PALAESTRA – WAS A WRESTLING-SCHOOL, BUT
THE TERM IS USUALLY USED INTERCHANGEABLY
WITH GYMNASIUM , A PLACE FOR PHYSICAL
EXERCISES OF ALL KINDS
 NAVAL BUILDING – INCLUDED SHIP-SHEDS AND
STORES (@ THIS TIME, PRINCIPLE OF ROOF TRUSS
NOT YET UNDERSTOOD.

35.  NEREID MONUMENT –
(XANTHOS) TYPIFIES
IONIAN SCULPTURAL
LUXURIANCE AND
THE USE IN GREEK
ASIA MINOR OF A
TEMPLE FORM OF
TOM, ELEVATED ONE
HIGH PODIUM.
NEIRD MONUMENT

36.  TAKEN FROM A TOMB CHAMBER, OF THE
ORNAMENTAL TREATMENT GIVEN TO A
STONE COFFIN HEWN OUT OF ONE BLOCK OF
MARBLE AND WITH SCULPTURES OF A LATE
PERIOD.
HEWN
- CUT OR SHAPED
WITH HARD BLOWS OF
A HEAVY CUTTING
INSTRUMENT LIKE AN
AX AND CHISEL.

37.  HELICARNASOS
 THE MOST
FAMUOS OF ALL
TOMBS AND ONE
OF THE SEVEN
WONDERS OF THE
WORLD, WAS
ERECTED TO KING
MAUSOLOS BY HIS
WIDOW,
ARTEMISIA.

38.  THE GREEK LIVED MUCH OF THEIR WAKING
LIFE IN THE PUBLIC AND SACRED PARTS OF
THE CITY, AND THEIR HOUSES WERE AT FIRST
MODEST IN SCOPE AND MATERIALS. THE
ROOMS LOOKED TOWARDS A SMALL COURT,
THE CHIEF APARTMENTS BEING ON THE
NORTH SIDE FACING THE WINTER SUN, WITH
OTHERS ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDES.
CARYATID
CARYATID – SCULTURED
FEMALE FIGURES USED
AS COLUMS OR
SUPPORTS.

39. SCULPTURED
FEMALE
FIGURINES
BEARING
BASKETS ON
THEIR HEADS.