3. The web before Semantic Web
Based on HTML Syntax
but without paying attention to Semantics
Christmas Salad:
People are nuts Spinach, blue
with Christmas cheese and nuts
deals, they would
buy even a blue
spinach if there is
a deal
Living Social Deal:
Mountain Trip.
Christmas is the
best time to collect
nuts in Mountain X
4. Web 1.0. 2.0. 3.0…….
• Not only to access data but create relationships among data
• NOT
• BUT
5. Semantic Web
• “The Semantic Web is not a
separate Web but an extension
of the current one, in which
information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling
computers and people to work in
cooperation.“ cited by Berners- Lee (2001)
Web of data, Linked Web, the Intelligent Web,
Web 3.0.
6. Creator: Tim Berners - Lee
• 1994: WWW Geneva
Conference
• 2001: Scientific American
• Director of the World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C)
7. The “syntax” part
• Triple URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
Triple URIs identify not just Web documents, but also “real-
world objects” or “things”
HOW???
Resource Description Framework (RDF): a framework for representing
information in the Web.
“RDF is a general method to decompose any type of knowledge into small pieces,
with some rules about the semantics, or meaning, of those pieces. The point is to
have a method so simple that it can express any fact, and yet structured enough
that computer applications can do useful things with it”
• RDF XML is the standard format for RDF but NOT the only format
8. The “semantic” part
1. Query (SPARQL) : technologies and protocols that can
programmatically retrieve information from the Web of Data.
• RDF set relationships among resources SPARQL queries provide one or
more patterns against such relationships.
2. Vocabulary or Ontologies (OWL): define the concepts and
relationships used to describe and represent an area of concern
• Classify terms, look at possible relationships, and define rules of when to
use those terms.
3. Inference: generate new relationships based on the data and based
on additional information from vocabulary
