Strain theory posits that societal pressures and lack of legitimate opportunities can cause strain, leading to criminal behavior. Robert Merton argued that American culture values wealth but the social structure limits means of achieving it for some. This strain may lead to innovative crime. Later theorists like Cohen, Cloward & Ohlin, and Agnew expanded on Merton's ideas to explain gangs and how strains like negative relationships can produce emotions like anger that drive crime. Messner & Rosenfeld argued American culture overemphasizes monetary success in a way that increases criminal pressures.

1. CJUS 411 Strain Theories